Organization Behaviour.

Organization
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1..............................................................................................................................................3
P1: Organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual behaviour and team
performance.................................................................................................................................3
M1: Evaluate culture, politics and power of organization influence individual and team
behaviour and performance..........................................................................................................5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
P2: Theories and techniques of motivation enable effective achievement of goals....................5
M2: Evaluate effective approaches of behavioural motivational theories that influence the
behaviour of human.....................................................................................................................7
D1: Evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable
organizations to succeed .............................................................................................................7
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Explanation of effective and ineffective team:.......................................................................7
M3 Analysis of group and team development theories that supports cooperation development
within effective teams:.................................................................................................................9
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................10
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in relation to
business situation:......................................................................................................................10
M4 Evaluation of concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour and its influence in
relation to business situation:.....................................................................................................11
D2 Critical analysis and evaluation of team development theories, concepts and philosophies
that influence workforce behaviour and improves business performance:................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the study which provide the interaction of human behaviour
with the within the organization. It is useful in improving job performance, job satisfaction,
innovation and encouraging motivation. Its principle are usually applied in business for effective
or productive running (Appelbaum and et,al., 2018). It is related to behaviour of individual,
group of person working in team. Morrisons is the fourth largest chain of supermarket in the UK,
and its headquarter in Bradford. It is found in 1899 by William Morrison. It employed 110,000
employees and served 11 million customers each week. It has 498 superstores across UK, this
company is listed on the London stock exchange and is part of FTSE 100 index of companies.
This report comprises of influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of human in
organization. It also includes motivational theory to motivate individual and team for
achievement of goal. It also covers the understanding of cooperate with others and concept of
organisational behaviour to a business situation which is takes in the report.
Task 1
P1: Organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual behaviour and team
performance
In the organization, there is a balanced between culture, politics and power because it
influences day to day working atmosphere and operations. In Morrisons, there is a coordination
is present between all of them so the company is easily achieving their goal in an effective
manner.
Organization culture- it is the set of values, traits and practices that inform the action of all
team members. In Morrisons, there is collection of all expectations, values of all member and
traits of all employees so the organization is focus on improving the performance. There is
Handy's model is apply for this (Arunachalam, 2020). It states the interaction of all individuals in
the entity and help in binds the workforce together and give direction towards the work. It helps
in define the correct way to behave in organization. It influence the behaviour of employee and
team member because they have different behaviour and profile, they have to adopt the attitude
at the culture place, also impact motivation and their learning and solving conflicts.
 Power culture – it refers to the power is held to just few worker and decision is only
taken by them. They have power to distribute their responsibility to other. In Morrisons,

the power is held in superior hand and every subordinate have to strictly follow their
decision.
 Task culture- It is apply in that organization only which are formed to achieve the
targets or problems in short period of time. In Morrisons, there is four to five members is
present in each team and everyone contribute equally (Aryati and et.al., 2018).
 Person culture- it refers to the culture in organization in which employees feel that they
are more important. In Morrisons, workers are loyal towards the management and always
remember that company comes first and all things come later.
 Role culture- it refers to delegation of roles and responsibility between employee
according to their skills. In Morrisons, every employees is acceptable for something
according to their specialization.
In the Morrisons, the role culture is follow because in this company roles and
responsibility is distributed between workers according to their skill and education. And it
influences individual and team behaviour and performance by providing the designation which
individual employee deserve. From this their productivity and effective level of work is
increased and their morale is also increase which is good for the company. Power in the role
culture depend on the ability of individual or position in the structure.
Organization politics – it is the tool to identify the human behaviour involving power and
authority. It involves social network to achieve changes which benefit the organization. In
Morrisons,They also influence the individual and team member by focus on their productivity
and also improve individual concentration power. They help in provide the ambience of their
work and also changes the attitude of the worker. By this they remove the stress of the worker in
a positive politics. In this there is a positive politics and negative politics are present.
Positive politics- It is the behaviour which influence others with the aim of helping
organization. In Morrisons, there is a positive politics is there, employees are complimenting
each other for their work and also maintain coordination with each other. Through this there is
no negative impact on their performance and they work in an effective manner.
Negative politics- It is designed to achieve personal profit at the expense of organization.
In Morrisons, manager is not telling important information to all employees and they also give
punishment to the worker in small mistake. Through this subordinate become demotivate and
leave the organization.

In Morrisons, positive politics is there to influence the individual and team behaviour and
performance, because through this there is a positive environment is creating and every worker is
helping each other by compliment and also become cooperative in nature so the company goal is
achieved in short period of time (Balwant, 2018). Politics leads to negative ambience at the
workplace.
Organization power- it refers to the capability to control other subordinate so they do
the work according to superior decisions. In Morrisons, employee is at top level can take
decision regarding any activity and every worker have to follow their decision. This also help in
influencing the behaviour of individual and team member by giving them rights and ability to
prevent action. The more power is lie with individual all other are become dependent on them.
There are different power lie with worker which all have different effect. In this French and
Raven forms of power is used-
 Reward power- it refers to power which are used in given the rewards. In Morrisons,
promotions, training opportunities is provided by manager because they have power.
 Informational power-it refers to control over the information which is financial reports.
In Morrisons, employees use this power to help others or in manipulate other.
 Expert power- it refers to knowledge or skills which is necessary to understand the task.
so the employees will listen to them and trust them. In Morrisons, they can help the
worker in increasing their confidence, and boost their motivation (Bauer and et.al., 2018).
In the Morrisons, they use reward power for the employee because they have to provide
training to the workers in supermarket related to their skills. It influences individual and team
behaviour and performance by provide them promotion or benefits in the scheme and tell them
about good opportunity arrive in the company.
M1: Evaluate culture, politics and power of organization influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
In the Morrisons culture, politics and power are the three main important pillar in
influence individual and team behaviour and performance. In the culture they use the role culture
from Handy's model and also describe other culture used by employees. In the politics they use
positive and negative politics to examine the behaviour of worker in the given situation. In the
power they use reward power from French and Raven forms model and also describe other
power which is used by different entity. Through this use company is achieving their goal in an

effective and productive manner (Bauwens and et.al., 2019). In the culture they influence by
adopting the culture related to the organization workplace because all are come from different
profile, they have different attitude lie with them. In the politics they influence them by reducing
the stress and improve the communication and help them in increase their concentration power
and power help them in influence the team member by giving all different power according to
their position. So everyone is dependent on each other.
Task 2
P2: Theories and techniques of motivation enable effective achievement of goals.
In the organization, employee motivation is the psychological force and it consist many
factors which is internal and external, affect the desires of workers and make them motivated in
achievement of particular goal.
Content theory- this theory focus on human needs, it is a system of needs that motivate people
actions. It is a motivational theory which is based on motivate people. In Morrisons, they focus
on the human behaviour through apply Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs. They also help in
achieve their organization goal which is customer satisfaction which is done by offer customer
support such as live chat and email. Their goal is achieved by provide all the needs of customer
and update their software from date to date so they satisfy both the employee and consumer.
 Physiological needs- This needs include biological needs of human are food, drink,
shelter, sleep. If all these needs are not accomplished, then human body is not function
properly. In Morrisons, all the needs of employee are satisfied then they do the work for
effectively and in productive manner and it also enable effective achievement of goal in
the company (Egeberg and Trondal, 2018).
 Safety needs- it refers to needs related to safety and security like- financial security,
social stability and social welfare. In Morrisons, all employees are requiring safety
measures against accident and injury and they also provide security related to their
emotions. it enables organisation to achieve their goals.
 Love and belongingness needs- this needs involve feeling of belongingness and love
also. In Morrisons, they can create interpersonal relation with superior which include
trust, friendship and acceptance.

 Esteem needs- In this needs respect and reputation is most important for employee. In
Morrisons, every worker has their own reputation and also have their own achievement,
dignity which result is accomplishment of organization goals.
 Self-actualization goals- it refers to achieving full potential by its own and self-
fulfilment of their growth, individual focus on their personal growth. In Morrisons,
employee is focus on their own performance because if they improve their own work they
can contribute effectively in achieving company goal.
Process theory- This theory focus on the mechanism through which employee focus on
psychological and behavioural processes. By using that theory organization is able to achieve
their goals by remove their tension and provide the satisfy needs and motives and also help in
taking feedback from the employee and customer. In Morrisons, they understand the interactions
and action of employees which motivate them. In this company use Vroom;s expectancy
 Valence- It refers to the value come from employee after putting their action. It always
come positive. In Morrisons, they focus on the performance level of every worker
because great efforts lead to positive outcomes (Guhr, Lebek and Breitner, 2019).
 Expectancy- It is the idea for increase the amount of effort that result in increase in
performance, it states that individual behave in a certain way because they are motivated
to choose specific behaviour over other, so the result is that they select the specific
behaviour. In Morrisons, they use the right resources and have employees which has
right skills and there is supportive staff also to provide correct information.
 Instrumentality- It refers clear relationship between performance and outcome. In
Morrison, if subordinate perform better than the outcome is also achieved which is good
for both individual and organization.
M2: Evaluate effective approaches of behavioural motivational theories that influence the
behaviour of human
In Morrisons, there is both content and process theory is used to influence the behaviour
of human. In content theory company use Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs in which they
classify different need according to their survival. Motivation theory is necessary for all
employees for their effective level and fulfilment of organization goal quickly. In Process theory
they use Vroom;s expectancy in which the performance and expectation level of all worker is

measure and if the employee is contribute less they can use various measures like reward,
promotion to improve their productivity level (Hartmann, Apaolaza and D’Souza, 2018).
D1: Evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable
organizations to succeed
In Morrisons, there is positive relation between culture, politics, power and motivation
because in the organization culture they use role culture which mean every employee is given
their responsibility according to their specialization which boost their motivation level and
positive politics also help the subordinate in maintaining the motivational level. They use the
reward power for motivating the workers, they provide reward in terms of monetary and non-
monetary for achieving the organization goal in a effectively manner.
Task 3
P3 Explanation of effective and ineffective team:
'Effective team' refers to a collection of two or more persons which is capable of
accomplishing goals of an organization. This team increases productivity of business. On the
contrary, 'Ineffective team' is unfocused and conflict driven team which is incapable of
accomplishing tasks assigned to it.
Difference between effective and ineffective team is further explained below:
BASIS EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
Contribution of members In this, point of view and
suggestions of each and every
team members are taken into
considerations.
Here, few authority members
take decisions with without
considering suggestions of
other team members.
Conflict management Effective team avoids conflicts
and if ever happens, effort is
made for its quick resolution
and fair decision is made for
both parties.
Conflicts are not properly
managed in ineffective team
which in result hinders their
efficiency.
Fact based targets Focus of this team is on setting
realistic targets by evaluating
Leaders of ineffective team
force their members to achieve

efficiency of each member so
that decided target can be
achieved on time.
unrealistic or high agendas
which leads to frustration and
disappointment among team
members.
Accountability This team takes accountability
of their actions and its result
(Hayhurst and Wills, 2018).
While, this team delegates
responsibility to each other as
no one wants to take
accountability panic of being
confronted.
Self evaluation Effective teams track and align
their performance with the
desired result to regular basis
to avoid any error or delay.
Ineffective team does not
bother to analyse their
performance or integrate any
required changes.
Tuckman's theory is utilized by Morrisons for building effective team in organization.
This model was formulated by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. The focus of building this model was
team development. There are four stages in this model which are discussed below:
 Forming: This is the initial stage where no team member knows their role and place in
team. In this stage leader assembles the team and allocates task to them. Dependence is
high on leaders at this stage. Here, focus of leaders of Morrisons is on effective planning
and information collecting so that they can assign task to each team members according
to their capabilities. Here all the team members try to understand each and leaders
focuses on building positive bond among them which will enhance teamwork (Lombardi,
2019). In this stage, management has the opportunity to identify skills, expertise and
interest areas of each member, which enables leaders to allot task according and enhance
team performance. It enables business in formulating effective team.
 Storming: In storming stage, employees of Morrisons start to understand their tasks and
position in team. They try to prove themselves better than other team members which
leads to rise in conflicts. Even different person has different working style which may
arise problems team work which affects task completion. They may even challenge

authority of team leader. Role of leader here is fast conflict resolutions and making each
member understand the importance of team work. It is essential for leaders reduce
conflicts and frustration among team members so that objectives of Morrisons can be
achieved efficiently. Hence, in this stage focus on management of business should be on
conflict management in a way that each member of team realise their value. This can be
achieved if leaders of Morrisons show empathy towards team members and has positive
intent for development of team.
 Norming: During this stage, members start resolving their problems. They understand
the importance of team work. They appreciate the authority of leader. As team members
started socializing together it increases their bond. They also provide feedback to other
members which leads to reduction in errors. In context to Morrisons, the task of leader
here is to ensure that regular routine does not reduce their creative edge. When new task
arrives members can even come back to forming and storming stage, hence leaders
constantly overview their activities. Leaders should indulge attributes such as preference
on communication and recognition on achievements with the motive of building effective
team. This will result in smooth workflow and enhance efficiency of management.
 Performing: It is a final stage of Tuckman theory. Here, synergy in workforce increases
due to effective team relationships. It enhanced strategic planning of leaders. This results
in proper distribution channel and systematic maintenance of operations of Morrisons. It
increases company's profitability. As, team members feel independent at this stage hence,
their motivation level increases which further leads to increment in working efficiency of
team which enhances target achievement. It positively impacts strategic formulation of
business management.
M3 Analysis of group and team development theories that supports cooperation development
within effective teams:
Team development theories ensure development of effective team in an organization
which grants competitive advantage to business. 'Tuckman's theory of group development'
encourages teamwork in Morrisons because it provides atmosphere of trust and cooperation in
among employees. Alignment between intention of team and goals of organization provides
success to business. It improves cooperation among members which avoids conflicts and
miscommunication and hence increases capability of team performance. With this approach

leaders can provide proper direction to employees by handling their dynamic characteristic and
encouraging cooperation (Luu, 2018).
Task 4
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in relation to business
situation:
Organizational behaviour consists study of behaviour and performance of workforce in
an organization. It is based on several concepts and philosophies which evaluates purpose,
coordination, role and hierarchy of employees in business. While investigating about Morrisons
it can be examined that workforce of firm is not performing admirably. The reason is that roles
and responsibilities of employees are not clear that creates conflicts among them. It makes them
unable to complete tasks assigned to them at given deadlines. It de-motivates employees and
affects their productivity. This problem can be resolved by business by employing Path-Goal
Theory (Maamari and Saheb, 2018).
Uses of Path-Goal theory for solving business problem:
Path-Goal theory specifies different behaviour or style that leaders should utilize at
different business environment to achieve desired goal. It increases satisfaction and motivation
of employees and empowers them to increase their efficiency.
1. Environmental characteristics: Performance of employees in Morrisons is not aligned
with objectives of an organization due to unclarity in task delegated to them. It hinders
company's productivity. Even employees are not accountable for their actions because
their responsibilities are not clear. By Path-Goal theory, organisation can make its
environment more effective by reducing uncertainties and dependencies.
2. Characteristics of employees: Employees of Morrisons are reliable and independent. But
while working in team they tend to transfer responsibilities to one another. Still, they are
ambitious and have innovative ideas for quick resolution of problems. With proper
leadership style competencies of workforce can be improved.
3. Leadership styles : This model consists various styles of leadership which Morrisons can
apply to sort problems that arises in business.
 Directive leadership: It as an autocratic leadership style. In this style leaders provide
clear guidelines to employees about task that has to be completed and employees has to

perform accordingly. Application of this leadership style in business situation of
Morrisons will enable delegation of tasks with clear guidelines which reduces chance of
conflicts or negligence as every team member has clear instructions about their roles and
accountability.
 Supportive leadership: In this style of leadership, leaders behave friendly and shows
concern to employees. They make work environment pleasant for employees. As
employees feel committed towards organization with the use of this leadership approach,
hence, their focus will be on completion of business objective rather than personal
agenda. Hence, arising conflicts of Morrisons will reduce as effective team performance
will increase with the motive of achieving goals of business.
 Participative leadership: This style suggests involvement of team employees in decision
making process. It provides motivation of team members as importance is given to their
ideas and suggestions. This style works well when employees are highly trained and
specialized. This approach encourages collaboration in team and facilitates free or
independent flow of ideas in Morrisons. Hence, it will enhance morale of team members
which enables them in realising their accountability and improving their performance by
ensuring fulfilment of their roles and responsibilities in an organization.
 Achievement-Oriented leadership: This type of leaders set challenging goals as they
anticipate their followers to perform at highest level. Here, leaders have confidence in
their team members hence they continuously challenge their abilities to increase their
performance level. By assignment of tasks in this leadership style, there remains no gap
for confusions or conflicts. Hence, in this way situation of conflict in roles assigned to
team members in Morrisons can be resolved with the use of this approach.
While considering problem of undefined roles and responsibilities that employees of
Morrisons face it can be concluded that best leadership style that leaders should adopt in this
organization is 'Directive style of leadership'. As directive leaders provide proper specific
structure to employees and assign clear tasks and duties to them. This leaves no confusion or
complexity and every member has clear responsibilities to perform and objectives to achieve. It
creates clarity among workforce. It reduces time employed by leaders in planning procedure as
suggestions from other members is not required. It also motivates person to work effectively as

every employee has to take accountability of task assigned to them. This will ensure that
objectives of organization is achieved on decided deadlines.
 Motivational factors: Motivation indicates influencing followers to work harder for the
purpose of achieving organizational goals. Morrisons uses various motivational
techniques to increase productivity of workforce. It provides incentives and perks to
employees on exceptional performance. Good work environment is provided to them.
They have career progression opportunities in organization. Recognition is given to
employees for good their accomplishment which further motivates them to work harder.
Therefore, Path-Goal theory is an effective model to resolve conflict of delegated tasks
and accountability of employees of Morrisons. It ensures to provide clears guidelines to each
employees about their responsibilities and to maintain systematic procedure in organization
(Mansouri, Singh and Khan, 2018).
M4 Evaluation of concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour and its influence in
relation to business situation:
Concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour helps leaders in developing an
understanding of employees perception. It enables leaders to motivate them and improve their
skills. While considering the situation of Morrisons, 'Path-Goal theory' has provided directive
leadership style which enables leaders to provide clear instructions to employees about tasks that
has to be performed by them. It reduces conflict and ensure timely completion of business
activities (Panicker, Agrawal and Khandelwal, 2018).
D2 Critical analysis and evaluation of team development theories, concepts and philosophies that
influence workforce behaviour and improves business performance:
Team development philosophies helps in development of effective team which is
essential for success of any organization. Without effective team leaders of Morrison cannot
achieve their target. Every employee is from different culture and has different experiences.
Concepts of team development increases coordination among members and enhance team
performance. On the contrary, while evaluating its negative effects it can be analysed that it is
time consuming activity. It may hinder creativity of employees as they are forced to perform in
team (Polychroniou and Trivellas, 2018).

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that studying the behaviour of human
resources of organization plays a critical role in enhancing its productivity. Organizational
culture has huge impact on employees performance. Hence, it is essential to provide proper
motivation to them which encourages them to achieve organizational goals. Maslow's hierarchy
of needs theory is an effective motivational technique that can be used by leaders. Further, it is
analysed that Tuckman's theory helps in building effective team in organization. It boosts morale
of employees and encourages conflict management and collaboration in firm. Along with it,
Path-Goal theory suggests different styles of leadership which leaders can incorporate to deal
with business situations.

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