Essay on Organizational Behavior 2022

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 0

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1
Executive Summary
The essay is all about the humanitarian aid mission that is aiming to support and save the lives of
people as a leader. For this mission, many people from different countries such as India, China,
Korea, New Zealand, and from the other four countries are involved. Based on organizational
behaviour, the tasks will be distributed to individuals while observing their capabilities to supply
medicine, food, as well as water in emergency situations. Besides, there will be six Maori team
members which support effective communication. In order to accomplish the mission, the work
will be allocated as per their mutual understanding, capabilities, through removing the barriers of
communication. Thus, with the help of this essay Vroom's expectancy theory in the context of
completing the mission will be discussed.

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Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Organizational Behaviour................................................................................................................3
Groups and teams functions.........................................................................................................3
Hofstede’s five dimensions......................................................................................................3
Vroom's expectancy theory..........................................................................................................7
Valence....................................................................................................................................8
Expectancy...............................................................................................................................8
Instrumentality.........................................................................................................................9
Employee satisfaction and motivation.........................................................................................9
Mutual understanding and effective communication............................................................10
Rotate work responsibilities..................................................................................................10
Central direction....................................................................................................................10
Undivided attention...............................................................................................................11
Abilities..................................................................................................................................11
Gender....................................................................................................................................12
Attribution..............................................................................................................................12
Barriers to communication........................................................................................................12
Conclusion and recommendations.................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................16

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Introduction
In Indonesia, Tsunami occurred because of the 7.5 scale earthquake. It killed more than 400
people of the nation. Many numbers of people lost their houses. People in that situation are in
need of medicines, food, and water. There were too many difficulties to coordinate with people
due to the lack of communication. The demand for the situation was to save the people with joint
collaboration of the group. Leadership is like a positive approach that solves the problems of
effective communication (Noel & Devanna, 2016). The leaders have the capabilities to
understand the culture and identify the solutions to reduce the conflicts (Kouzes & Posner,
2019). Leader organized the work effectively to get the proper outcome that provides benefits
(Splillane, 2016). Being leader, I have applied the group and team function with the support of
Hofstede’s five dimensions, effective communication, and motivation theory to save the lives.
Organizational Behaviour
The essay on organizational behaviour is going to use Hofstede’s dimensions in the context of
group and team functions as follows:
Groups and teams functions
Hofstede’s five dimensions
As national and international politics seem to grow, this is necessary to link the group with a
mission to continue improvement with success of mission (Boonghee & Donthu, 2018). This is
necessary to embrace the cultural diversity in the mission as an important step for a mission. I
will apply the Hofstede's five dimensions of culture that affect the motivation, attitudes and
group dynamic.
Individualism and collectivism
This will support me as a leader to build a relationship with others. This will support to focus on
the degree of society to reinforce collectivism and individualism. This will be done by
concentrate on the degree of a group to an individual or collective achievements and
interpersonal relationships to save the life of most of the people from a tsunami. One of the most

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important factors in the mission will be the attitude of group members towards people to
determine high collectivistic values to save their lives.
 Benefits Perspectives of diverse culture drive innovation and inspire creativity
Culture will influence the variety of viewpoints in the wide range of personal and professional
experience of an international team as will offer the new perspectives that will inspire colleagues
to see the world differently (Hofstede & Bond, 2018). This is also known as breed creativity that
drives innovation to solve a problem and meets the needs.
 A diverse base of skill allows to offers broader and more adaptable range of services
Skilled people from different nations in the group will provide global access to orient the group
to add a range of services by leveraging their experience and skills. Wider bases of skill will
potentially divers the offers of services. This will bring certainty in the environment. More
effectively planning, development and execution will support to meet the changing nature of a
situation that is necessary to meet the mission objectives.
Power distance
This approach will support me to focus on the members of the mission to distribute power.
Power and inequality is the main factor in this mission to set clear lines of authority within a
hierarchy. This will also support me to elaborate the productiveness with effective
communication to succeed with behaviour.
 Benefit: Greater opportunity for growth
Culturally and inclusive diverse will support me to attract the ambitious, talented, and globally
members to enriching experiencing and will allow others to support perspectives by abandoning
prejudices to support and increase value. By exposing a new approach to mission an international
approach of members will build a new direction (Migliore, 2019).
Uncertainty avoidance

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This will be the necessary thing to avoid the uncertainty to focus on the tolerance level for
ambiguity and uncertainty within the mission. Motivation will be the main loyal to feel respected
and valued for a unique contribution within the group.
 Challenges: regarding integration across multicultural groups
This is the natural factor that all local expertise is an invaluable asset. This will be also important
for me to foster integration between members of groups to escape members from different
nations as working in limiting and isolation knowledge transfer.
Masculinity and femininity
This will support me to define masculinity as a role of distinct social gender roles. According to
me, a support to both genders by focusing on the degree of the traditional masculine work role
model of male achievement, power, and control should be provided. Femininity will present the
distribution of the roles between the genders. The dynamics of the group will be the most
important factor to support the members to demonstrate the mission by fostering an inclusive and
multicultural environment to stand out at the right place with the right member.
 Challenge of conflict working styles
This issue in the members of the team can be generated by the difference in cultural values. To
avoid this kind of conflicting approaches the work allotment should be done according to the
collaboration towards the flexibility of members to positive working culture.
Long term and short term orientation
This will support me to spotlights the long term and short term orientation. In this mission, it is
necessary to complete the long term orientation with the support of traditional values. This will
support the strong ethics of work to develop particular long term expectations. The meaning in
this mission will rely on the short term orientation to involve a contract between lucrative
proposals and orientation concept to explain and distribution of work.
Group dynamics

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This is a process that includes members to interact with each other (Donelson, 2018). Bruce
Tuckman has theorized the different stages of a group that interacts in terms of group dynamics
and group development. As a leader, some important stages which will be included by me are as
follows:
 Forming
This step will figure out towards the goals of the group to accomplish them politely as everyone
trying to figure out a role in the group for the success (Levi, 2015).
 Storming
This is a stage at which ideas of members can be challenged as in this stage of group dynamics
members can feel overwhelmed or disconnected and give up the goal (Agazarian, 2018). For
this, I will set the priority towards ideas for successfully balance the situation.
 Norming
This is the stage at which group comes together to set a singular plan for the common goal
(Watts & Riot, 2017). Members of the group can give up their ideas to build a better group and
individual group members understand each other effectively.
 Performing
This is the stage in which a team needs the supervision to accomplish the goal (Nollet, et al.,
2017). Members of the group understand each other effectively to achieve the goal. In this
mission, the instructions will only be given when there is a requirement considered by me
according to the situations.
Functions
Groups improve effectiveness or efficiency by the methods of evaluating and determining
success (Harris & Sherblom, 2018). In the humanitarian aid mission, it will be necessary to
repeat success by analysis, hard work, and reinforcement. To do so, the following ways to gauge
the success of the group should be discussed:

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 A clear baseline
A bottom line at the level of the operating group in changed cases will be developed. This will be
as like to control the group in a scientific manner that is as simple as to track the actual
performance by providing a subset to compare the level of achievement to do a lot more than just
estimation of success.
 Quantify success
In this context, I will develop a performance chart towards sights to determine the level of
accomplishment to consider success. By predetermining the success I will hard press to track the
progress by tracking internal expectations. This will support to measure and quantify the goals
(Hewitt, et al., 2016). It will also allow holding the group accountable as it consists of something
specific towards work. This can include the way to quantify success by the group to make and set
a level to success towards goals. This system will provide the freedom at initials level to achieve
success at an extra level by motivating a group to continue work with improvement.
 Note of negative and positive outliers
This is a universal truth as the group has the strongest and weakest link. As an entire group can
come down because of the individual actions and similarly can be bought up by the support of
particular strong contributor (Aziz, 2016). In the humanitarian aid mission, I will take time to
determine and identify the level of individual work for all achievements that have the main effect
on the success of the group.
 Level of involvement
Through the mission, my priority will be running the priority smoothly to equip by the important
tools and abilities of success. I will also involve more tasks for the stunning dynamic process of
the group.
Vroom's expectancy theory
Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation focused on different perceptions of individuals in the
context of performance (Kiattipoom & Han, 2017). This is also known as an expectancy theory

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that it is a cognitive procedure theory of motivation. The key concepts in this theory of
motivation are the valence of an outcome, instrumentality, and expectancy. I will apply this
theory to make an important contribution to developing the motivation concept in the process of
decision making to determine the perceptions of individuals. Actions will lead to saving the life
of people that suffered from the crisis. This model will support and determine the aspects to get a
result of job performance. Members of the group will be highly motivated by the assured
outcome of their individual preference. Based on this theory, I will argue and use variables in
this model to form an equation. This model is a multiple and all three model will have high
optimistic value to the motivated performance of choices.
Valence
This variable is about the repulsion of an outcome to the individual. In this mission, I will
identify the preference of individual towards a reward valance that is also known as the strength
of the individual preference. In the humanitarian aid mission task is to save the people from the
natural crisis that is fully depended on my group and as a leader, I will distribute the tasks to
persons in the preference of attaining the outcome. In this mission, the task allocation depends on
the behaviour of individuals by the satisfaction of well-paid efforts. The best way to identify and
motivate people is to the distribution of work daily to suit the desires and identify the offers that
increase their creation (Stefanie, 2015).
Expectancy
This is a scientific truth that everyone has different level towards confidence and expectations
about their capability of doing (Virginia, 2017). I will regulate the members by the availability of
resources and training. I will set the preferred time to complete the goal of a group with a belief
to work hard in this critical situation. I will set a correlation between efforts and success directly
towards performance. This will also include the too many factors to control the full efforts with
high expectancy as efforts translate the success. The completion of a goal will present the
number of outcomes achieved by motivating the group.

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Instrumentality
In the humanitarian aid mission, I will speak the group to achieve the goals by the belief to save
lives. This will support the members towards goals in a tangible motivation. To provide the
motivation and confidence to employees I will build the trust by offer and enhance the standards
of performance to meet the desired goals to avoid conflict ad confusion regarding the
performance judgment.
By putting all the variable of Vroom's expectancy theory I will properly allow the group to have
a high level of motivation by an expectation of employees to meet goals and value. Motivation
will be a powerful thing that will direct the employees that depend on circumstance.
Employee satisfaction and motivation
The satisfaction of employees is about the characteristic of individual as each member of the
group has varying levels of satisfaction. The higher level of individual assessment perceived on
conformity and actions with a wish to higher satisfaction of individual on the actions. In the
humanitarian aid mission, there will be factors that affect the satisfaction: need fulfilment, equity
depositional, value attainment, and discrepancy. In the humanitarian aid mission satisfaction is a
feeling that member gets by a position at work. This satisfaction will result in success and
effectiveness at work. This satisfaction can be enhanced by increasing the execution of work and
morale. This can be related to great desires with decrease stress of work. The satisfaction of
members is the opportunity towards the achievement of pleasurable feelings.
Motivation is the key factor in humanitarian aid mission as consists of both expectations inside
and outside of a mission. To achieve the expectation and save the people includes passion,
incitement, and encouragement. The motivation of members can be in the form of non-material
and material form. This can be in the form of granting material like money and the non-material
incentives can include the form of proper placement like a star of service. The work motivation
plays an important part to feel compelled to run activities. Motivation in humanitarian aid
mission will support the members to feel compelled, excited, and aroused in their actions. This
will encourage and support the running actions to achieve goals. The theory of expectation will
support the humanitarian aid mission to act in a way that depends on the strength of a hope that

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followed by a particular output with the attractiveness of the individual. The measurement of the
humanitarian aid mission will include the achievement of success; maintain a working
relationship and compensation.
Mutual understanding and effective communication
One of the most important things to complete the mission is the mutual understanding within the
group by effective communication (Norouzi, 2015). As a leader of a humanitarian aid mission to
the tsunami devastation in Indonesia job is to bring the all person on the same page to build a
cohesive workforce. The key to the success of this mission will be fluid communication.
Systematic meetings with the effective podium belittle will make every person to feel their
opinions are relevant and will be reflected in the meaningful presentation with supporting ideas
and expectations.
Rotate work responsibilities
By rotating to the persons in the work assignments within each unit will solve the problem
(Dizaho & Salleh, 2017). This will support each member of the group as they have a chance to
work with others by supporting ideas. Rotating members will facilitate the new avenues for
effective communication and restore the stagnant routines of work. This will be the most
important and suitable thing to categorized persons by familiarity. This will develop a strong
network within the workforce. Regular gathering and meeting of the workforce will create a
better understanding to communicate the concerns and ideas in the process of building a firmer
mutual understanding.
Central direction
Mutual understanding to complete the mission can be enhanced with the support of effective
communication in shared meaning (Vasu, et al., 2017). Mutual understanding with effective
communication in a humanitarian aid mission will be transmitted in the direction of developing
relationships by providing feedback. This will be the part of a humanitarian aid mission to
successfully achieve the objective to serve better.

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Undivided attention
This is necessary for a humanitarian aid mission to offer full focus with great improvement to
convey focus and encourage individuals to perform well in this critical situation. The form of
information exchange in a humanitarian aid mission will be in the manner to clarify thoughts and
ideas to pass the information within a group. As a leader, this will be necessary to communicate
effectively with the supporting efforts to inspire the team effectively.
Organizational behaviour is the practice of individual and group performance and action within
the mission of workforce (Stanko & Beckman, 2015). This consists of cooperation, structure,
diversity, and coordination to support and help the people. In the following humanitarian aid
mission as a leader should address the situations that influenced by many natural factors of an
individual's attitude in personal as well as social life are:
Abilities
Abilities are the characteristics that an individual learns from the environment. In the
humanitarian aid mission, there are many people around the globe and have different abilities as
many of them established them by their qualification and gifted with by birth. As a leader, my
responsibility is analysed and applies the abilities to solve the matter of crisis. These abilities are
intellectual abilities, physical abilities, and self-awareness abilities (Borkowski, 2015).
 Intellectual abilities
This ability of individuals will personify the person's intelligence, analytical and verbal
reasoning abilities, and memories as verbal comprehension.
 Physical abilities
This ability of individuals will personify a physical strength, coordination of body, and stamina
as motor skills.
 Self-awareness abilities

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This will symbolize to feels about the task to individuals for his abilities to decide work that need
to be allotted to an individual.
Gender
In the humanitarian aid mission, women and men together stand equal in relations of mental
abilities and performance; however society emphasizes the difference between two genders.
Absenteeism is the main area in which I will allocate the work and evaluate the values to
perform towards the mission effectively. I will encourage both genders to work effectively
towards objectives to generate a good atmosphere (Wilson, 2017).
Attribution
This is a course of observing behaviour (Mark, 2018). This is followed to determine as it is based
on situation or personality of individuals in this humanitarian aid mission. This will include the
following criteria:
 Consensus
Consensus will be the extent to that person in the team that reacts in the same situation at the
same time.
 Distinctiveness
Distinctiveness will be the extent to that people behaviour associated with personality or
situations.
 Consistency
This will be the measurement of the frequency of the observed behaviour that completed
according to the behaviour occur.
This framework will support me as a leader to identify persons and their characteristics to
individually behave in different situations to manage the flow of work.

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Barriers to communication
There are many situations in which as a leader interpersonal communication may miscarry
(Borkowski, 2015). The role is to communicate in the process while supporting people by
clarifying the risk in the tasks. My role as a leader will be overcome from the barriers of
communication by conveying a concise and clear message to support people and group. Barriers
to effectively communicate in the humanitarian aid mission could be many types like
psychological, linguistic, physical, emotional, and culture so on.
Linguistic barriers (Interpersonal)
The barrier of language will be the main barrier that can limit the effective communication in
humanitarian aid mission. A thick dialect can reduce communication ineffective. In my team, I
have different people from different linguistic skills. The channel of effective communication
will be produced as per the desired map (Radhakrishnan, 2017). By keeping this barrier in mind I
will make the different considerations for different persons. By the support of different
considerations, people in my team will be proficient in a certain language and others will be
good with these languages. To avoid the semantic barrier of effective communication I will
express the tasks in simple, clear, and brief language. I will use symbols or words to convey the
appropriate message about receiver understanding.
Psychological barriers
This barrier is about how the message received. This can be preoccupied with the interpersonal
concerns. People with low self-esteem may misinterpret, less assertive and regret in a
humanitarian aid mission. Many members of the group may have fear, phobia, and disorders of
speech in this crisis. These conditions will be difficult to manage and limit the ease of
communication.
Perceptual barrier (Intrapersonal)
The perceptual barrier in communication can be emotional, angry, sarcastic, and confrontational
tone. The members in the group can get the message that disinterested the sort of turn a deaf ear.
This is a barrier that not as a particularly positive, a body language denotes own disinterest in

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this situation. For this, I will start the conversation in a positive note and good gesture of body
language with simply open and wholeheartedly.
Attitudinal barriers
Many of the group members can excuse the language and in general will be unable to form a
relationship or a common point with others, because of the habit of thinking too lowly or highly
of them. This can be occurred due to the problem of attitude and high esteem. The first barrier in
this mission can come is a condescending attitude. The solution for me in this mission will be the
use of simple words and encourage smile to effectively communicate and stick to constructive
criticism and not a criticism as a perfectionist.
Emotional barriers (Intergroup)
Sometime members of the group may hesitate in opening mouths towards situations. For this, I
will support the members by putting first emotions and feelings to personal space and speak
them in normal nature. I will treat the fears or phobias to have and nip in the bud so that not
create a problem.
A conflict between different cultures may occur during communication in a humanitarian aid
mission as many people involved in the team with diverse culture. It is not about always
ethnicity. There can be issues generated in the team to control the situation according to their
point of view. For solving this issue I will only communicate what is necessary to get across the
point and will leave the personal feelings or sentiments out of this situation. I will be
accommodative to the viewpoint of others to work and avoid making a spectacle of the beliefs of
others.
Communication will be an effective process in the mission to exchange opinions, views, and idea
to save the life of people by sharing the suggestions between the members. In this mission
effective communication will be the element to manage the process as a leader to implement the
planning, organizing, motivating, leading, and controlling the people by assigning the right task
to right people. For this, I will manage the team by establishing and maintain the interaction and
support to properly perform the daily tasks. In this mission, the information will be transferred

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easily to build an open system by an informal channel of meetings. These all support will keep
the functions of the mission effective to make the most use of resources as the greatest asset.
Conclusion and recommendations
In whole, the following discussion has successfully covered the procedures to save many people
lives. Being a leader, I have improved the mutual understanding within the group to create
effective communication based on organizational behaviour. The essay has discussed an
effective communication process by rotating the work responsibilities, central directions, and
undivided attention to support the lives of people. It has been found that if all members of a
group belong to different nations then handling them is usually difficult. Therefore, future
recommendations are as follows:
 There should be a mutual understanding of effective communication by identifying the abilities
to perform the attributions.
 There should be no barriers to communication in a group.
 The group and group functions must be addressed to set a clear baseline as well as to identify the
level of involvement to solve the issue.
 Group dynamics should be used for developing an effective group by performing in a supportive
manner to complete the mission effectively.
 The Vroom Expectancy Theory should be used for offering support directly to identify and set
the procedures of tasks.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 16
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