Organizational Behavior Report: A David & Co. - Analysis & Insights

This report provides an analysis of organizational behavior within A David & Co. Limited. It examines the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on both individual employees and teams, highlighting the impact of these factors on productivity and the work environment. The report compares content and process theories of motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy and reinforcement theory, and their effects on employee behavior. It further differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, outlining the characteristics that contribute to team success. Finally, the report explores the application of organizational behavior concepts and theories within A David & Co., offering insights into leadership, team dynamics, and motivation strategies for improving organizational performance.

Organizational Behavior

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Effect of organization culture, politics and power on team as well as the individual in an
organization.............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................5
LO2..............................................................................................................................................................5
P2. Comparison between Content and process theories and their effect on organizational behavior....5
Process Theory of Motivation:.....................................................................................................................5
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Effective teams vs. ineffective teams..................................................................................................6
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and theories of Organizational behavior within A David and co.........................................9
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Behavior at organization is like the life and blood of an organization which helps the
company to achieve not only its targeted goals but also maintain an idol work environment that
helps the company to achieve its targeted goals. The organizational behavior between the
employees and company management will help the company to work in a better way. Besides
this, it also helps in determining the significant role of employees, working on various levels in
an organization (Pinder, 2014). The company taken into the context is A David & Co Limited.
The report contains the analysis of various factors that influence the organizational behavior of
the company. Also, the report emphasizes on the role & responsibilities of a manager or a leader
in an organization. Besides this, the report also considers the importance of organizational
behavior at A David & Co Limited.
TASK 1
LO1
P1 Effect of organization culture, politics and power on team as well as the individual in an
organization
The organization consists of many cultural, political & other factors that influence the
operational efficiency of the individual employees as well as a whole team. The
interdepartmental politics and difference in culture may lead to an unhealthy competition and a
stressful environment in the company which may affect the work productivity of the workers.
Various factors play a crucial role in this. Some main effect of politics and power in the company
is:
 Decrease in overall productivity: in the present time, every employee in the company
needs to get appreciated from its seniors. But many times employees use different types
of politics that effect the work environment of the office. These bring down the morale
of the good employees and increase their frustration which will reduce the work
efficiency at A David & Co. This will also make the employee lose interest in their work

which affects the overall productivity of the company. Besides this, the internal politics
hinder the employee from giving its full effort. The
 Affects concentration: this also affects the work concentration of an employee which will
stop the employee from performing well and will cause the employee to lose his focus to
work in a positive environment of A David & Co. The employee will be regularly
distracted due to the malpractices that are been followed by other employees (Miner,
2015). It will decrease their performance.
 Spoils work environment of the company: A David & Co's environment will be badly
affected by the internal office politics which will destroy the trust of the employees on
the other employees or company. The politics will also deteriorate the relation between
the colleges which will affect the overall work process of A David & co. & spread a
negativity in the company.
 Demotivates the employees: the office politics will cause a loss of motivation in the
employee as they will think that despite giving the efforts, they will not get the desired
output. This demotivate and will make them lose their interest in their work which will
affect not only the work potential of the company but also cause employee’s getting
reluctant to do work at A David & Co.
 Increases work stress: the practicing the office politics in the organization will increase
the work load on certain employees and this will cause a stress in them. Also, this stress
will affect the overall work performance of the employees and will reduce the
productivity of the employees as well as A David & Co.
Besides this, the power will also be a crucial factor that will decide the well being of the
employees working in the company. The betterment in the work environment of A David & Co.
is deeply based on the distribution of the power on various level of the organization. This will
make the company work with more determination, dedication and problem solving approach
(Borkowski, 2015). This will also ensure that A David & Co. make the appropriate strategy to
meet the employees as well as customer’s demands & requirements to get necessary market
growth.

Role of culture on influencing organizational performance
In the present enhancing competitive conditions, reaching desired organization efficiency
level can not be achieved without the interest and behavior or culture of individuals as well as
business as a whole. Overall A David & Co's culture was found to consistently forecast higher
subsequent levels of customer satisfaction ratings and products sales. The culture of an
organization affects level of customer engagement, high level of customer engagement leads to
improved efficiency and effectively of the activities. This helps in enhancing the productivity
and profitability of organization. The culture also plays a crucial role in it as it will decide the
back ground of the employees who will work in the organization. The cultural issues are meant
to solve effectively by the management as it can affect the productivity of the company. The
Management of the company should try to make an effort of balancing the employees of various
cultures’ working in the organization (Luthans, Luthans and Luthans, 2015). The efficient
management of the employees will improve the work environment, productivity and revenue
generation of A David & Co. Besides it will lead the company to get a better market share, rise
in customer satisfaction level and build a better brand image of the company for its customers.
Also, the sales of the products and the services will be excelled.
Impact of Politics and power on organizational performance:
There are many factors such as favoritism, promotion, performance appraisal etc.
involving the negative politics. These factors are highly effected on individual's performance and
behavior like demotivation, stress within A David & Co. If an individual held power, so that this
also effect on other employee performance and behaviors ultimately this impact on team
behavior as well as organization. As per the unclear rules and policies also effected on
individual's performance and behavior in A David & Co.

TASK 2
LO2
P2. Comparison between Content and process theories and their effect on organizational
behavior
Content and Process theories of motivation – The content theories of motivation
focuses on what, while process theories focus on How human behavior is motivated. On the
other hand Process theories of motivation are concerned with how motivation occurs and what
types of activities or process can affect the motivation of people.
Content theory Process Theory
 Content theory is based on the factors
that depicts the fact that why the
changes of an individual or
organization changes with time. It
includes the work of Maslow,
McClelland etc.
 Process theory is based on the factors
that depict the fact that how and when
the demands or requirements of the
individual or an organization changes
with the time.
 It is based on the factors that energize
and direct an individual or a team in an
organization like A David & Co. which
will affect the functionality of the
organization.
 It is based on the factors which includes
various assessment factors and
techniques that are considered
important for an individual and
organization.
 It includes the Maslow’s 5 level need
hierarchy theory that explains the
evolution of the needs affecting factors.
 Its includes the Skinner reinforcement
process which states that learning
comes from consequences and behavior
of an individual or organization.
 It includes the factors that states that
the every individual is different in
many ways like: thoughts ,ideas ,goals,
needs etc. Each and every need of
individual is to be fulfilled by superior
 Choices, taste, preferences of every
employee and individual is also
different in organization. So, to keep
their preferences according to them
every superior should understand these

and it should be kept specially in mind. theories.
Content theories of motivation
The main theories of motivation includes Maslow's needs hierarchy, Alder's Erg theory,
McClelland's achievement motivation and Herzberg's Two factor theory.
Maslows's Need theory - This theory of motivation has five basic categories which are ordered in a
hierarchy, beginning with the basic psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and
self-actualization. In Maslow's theory the lowest unsatisfied need becomes the dominant, or the most
significant and powerful need. The most dominant need encourage a person to act or perform so that this
need can be fulfilled.
Alderfer – ERG theory:Existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs – Alderfer differentiate three
categories or steps of needs, Existence, relatedness and growth.
 Existence needs – These needs includes basic material necessities, in short it consists physical
safety and psychological needs of an individual.
 Relatedness needs – Individuals need essential relationships, belongingness and love, they strive
towards reaching recognition and public fame.
 Growth needs – Needs for self development, advancement form and personal growth this class of
need. This class of needs includes Maslow's self-actualization needs and intrinsic element of
esteem needs.
Process Theories of Motivation:
Reinforcement Theory:
The theory is being propounded by B.F.Skinner on the assumption that the behavior is being
guided/influenced by consequences.
Under this theory the term used by theorists is “Operate Conditioning”. Rather,
reinforcement has an assumption and is also based on several principles:
 Positive reinforcement: This leads in adding something positive as well as increasing
strength of response.

 Negative reinforcement: This leads in removing or taking something. We can say that
this is removal of negative reinforce.
 Punishment: This leads in entering into negative and coming out of positive.
 Extinction: This leads in ignorance i.e. decrease in feedback rate.
ABC Analysis:
This analysis is covered under different subjects like if we go for a junior level then this analysis
is covered under Entrepreneurship subject, likely if we discuss for professional field then this
analysis is covered under financial management, and for corporate sector we look upon this topic
under motivational theories. As we took reference of different subjects and fields for this
analysis, the meaning, importance and theories would also be different.
Here, we can say that ABC refers to-
A- Antecedents: totally covered with communication, experience, and learning.
B- Behavioral: connected with results for every performance.
C- Consequences
Thus, we can say that efficient communication skills, good behavior & happening consequences
impact the organizational behavior of an individual or a company like A David & Co. to a great
extent. Besides this, it will make the company about the measures it needs to take for the better
working & profitability.
Equity theory – According to this theory by J Stacey Adams, individuals are motivated by their
beliefs regarding the structure as being unfair or fair, relative to the inputs. People have
tendency to utilize subjective decision s or judgment s to balance the inputs and results in the
relationship for comparisons between various individuals in A David & Co.
Goal setting theory – This theory of motivation was developed by Gary Latham and Edwin
Locke . The goal setting theory posits that objectives are the most essential elements influencing
the behavior and motivation of employees in A David & Co.

TASK 3
P3 Effective teams vs. ineffective teams
An organization has various teams within the different department, these teams work in
group to perform their roles and duties to achieve a common goal or objective. These teams
perform various functions within the organization. There are generally two teams which are
different from each other as described below –
Effective team
The effective teams focus on a positive and healthy conflicts and issues, they believe in
encouraging a discussion on topics or situation on which the team members disagrees with each
other. In order to bring out the creative ideas and innovation within the organization the effective
teams focuses on the positive aspects of the various conflicts and disagreements among the team
members (Hogg and Terry, 2014). The main features of an effective team are as follows –
 Try to reach on a specific decision by a procedure of effective and reasonable discussion
as well as convincing the team members. These teams do not use any aggressive process
of decision making for example voting etc. They make healthy arguments in a group to
reach to a final decision on which all the team members are agreed.
 Open discussions – The effective team members effectively take part in the group
discussions and contribute in the decision making process. The members of the team
present their views and ideas in front of other group members, Each and every team
member listen and learn from other teammates in the discussion.
 Uses situational leadership - According to the various situations within an organization
the effective team decides to make a team leader who can effectively direct the team in
order to perform the team task in the best possible way to obtain the team goal as well as
the organizational objective (Lazaroiu, 2015).
 The effective team set a common goal and every team member performs his or her duty
in the direction of that goal. This helps in effective and efficient achievement of the
objectives.

 The effective teams analyses and measure their own performance in order to identify the
modifications needed in the team operations and activities. This process helps the team
members to know their performance level individually and it leads to the development
and improvement in the performing level.
Ineffective teams
The Ineffective team is not managed properly; the team reaches to a decision instantly.
These teams do not focuses on the team ideas and contributions, the decisions are made
easily and quickly with a older viewpoint and less chances are given to the new ideas and
innovations. The team members are least interested in the cause of an issue or problem,
they only treat the symptoms. The task gets completed in a short period of time as this
team do not utilize the much time in discussions and agreements. The various features off
ineffective teams are as follows –
 The team members within an ineffective team are often in a pressurized environment.
The members remain tensed as they do not agree on a common objective or goal. Many a
times issues and conflicts among the team members of the ineffective team changes into
huge crisis and leads to a major problem (Cyert and March, 2015).
 These teams use the voting method to reach to a conclusion or decision. The maximum
members who vote against the new ideas and innovation are winning with majority and
the decision is always within the hands of the majority.
The basic goals of the two teams –
 Effective team – The team members within this team understands the goals and
objectives of the team. They accept the common goal and work accordingly to obtain it
with effectiveness and efficiency.
 Ineffective team – As the team can not to a proper conclusion, they fails to understand
the various duties and operations they need to perform. Therefore, if the team members
do not need know what to perform and how to perform then how they cannot be able to
achieve the objective of the team as well as organizational goals.

Contributions of the members
 Each and every within the effective team contribute and take part in the discussions for
reaching to a best solution or conclusion for a specific issue. Every team member present
their views and ideas in front of the other team members to generate creativity and
innovation within the origination.
 Within the ineffective teams only a few people try to impose their decisions on the other
team members. They dominate other team members to select a specific solution for a
organizational situations or decision making process.
Listening abilities
 Effective teams – members are effective listeners and learners. The members of the team
listen to other member very carefully in group discussion or meetings which help them to
learn various new ideas and information about an issue, situation or decisions.
 Ineffective teams – these teams do not focuses on listening , the team members gets
aggressive and are not willing to learn from others instead they try to dominate other
team members to reach to a specific conclusion or decision (Spector and Meier, 2014).
Resolution of conflicts
 Effective team – The team members disagrees on a situation or topic. But they do not
avoid the conflicts. The conflicts are accepted in a healthy way and the positive aspects
are identified to enable creativity within the business organization.
 Ineffective team- They do not take any conflict positively. The group leader dominates
the decisions of the team. The voting process is used to reach on a conclusion which
results in a bigger issue many times.
These are the major elements which show how the two types of teams differ from one
another.

TASK 4
P4 Concepts and theories of Organizational behavior within A David and co.
The organizational behavior concept consist two main fundamentals which are described
below –
1. Nature of people
2. Nature of the organization
Nature of people – It refers to the various qualities within a individual. Each and every
person has different character that shows his personality an attitude. The person’s
qualities cannot be same as every person has his or her own personality and unique
abilities (Hogg and Terry, 2014). There are various factors which have an impact on the
nature of people within A David and co ltd. Such as –
 Individual differences – This refers to the attitude of a manager towards the subordinates,
a manager should treat every employee equally without any discrimination. A David and
co ltd. Will look after the proper planning of the resolution of any sort of indifference or
conflict at the workplace between various employees or groups.
 Perception – The ability to listen, observe and reach to a conclusion is the perception
power. Management of A David and co ltd. Will hear the petitions and will look after the
various operational needs and functionalities which will help in proper planning of the
organizational behavior at the work place.
 Person as a whole – A David and co cannot hire an employee’s brain they have to hire
him as a whole as his skills are developed from the pas and background of the employee.
 Motivate behavior – The employees working in A David and co ltd. needs to ensure the
motivation of the employees. An individual can be motivated negatively as well as
positively. Besides this, the enterprise will need to identify the positive motivational tools
to increase the performance of the employees.
Nature of organization – The Nature of organization refers to the objective or aim of the
organization. For example the motive of A David and co ltd. is to provide quality food