Organizational Behavior: Concepts and Importance for Managers

This paper discusses the importance of organizational behavior concepts like motivation, leadership, and culture for managers to achieve growth in a competitive market. It also highlights the impact of organizational culture on employee motivation and performance.

Running head: Organization behavior
Organization behavior

Organization behavior
Executive summary
In this paper the discussion will be made on the organizational concepts. In this the concept of
the organization are divided into 9 parts. It has been examined that in this the concept related to
motivation, leadership, organizational behavior meaning and culture are discussed. It is
important for the managers to focus on these concepts so that growth can be achieved in a proper
manner in the competitive market. Organizational culture plays an important to motivate the
employees so that positive outcome can be achieved. Therefore, focus will be given on the
organizational culture so that activities can be completed effectively.
In the first phase of the paper, nine topics related to organizational behavior will be discussed
from the authentic sources. In the last phase of the report recommendations and conclusion will
be taken into consideration that will give overall analysis of the report.
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Organization behavior
Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature review..............................................................................................................................1
Topic 1.............................................................................................................................................1
Topic 2.............................................................................................................................................2
Topic 5.............................................................................................................................................3
Topic 6.............................................................................................................................................3
Topic 7.............................................................................................................................................4
Topic 8.............................................................................................................................................4
Topic 10...........................................................................................................................................5
Topic 11...........................................................................................................................................6
Topic 12...........................................................................................................................................7
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................8
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Organization behavior
Introduction
In this paper the focus will be given on various topics related to organization behavior. It
has been analyzed that there are various topics which comes under organization behavior like
training, compensation and motivation. This paper will highlight nine topics which are selected
for this paper. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the concept related to organizational
behavior. The concepts which will be discussed in the paper have wide scope that gives impact
on the individuals in a proper manner.
In context to organizational behavior one of the important factors is related to culture of
the organization. It is important for the managers to focus on maintaining the culture and it can
be done by considering various factors like motivation, leadership and communication.
Literature review
Topic 1
According to Heath and Sitkin 2001, organizational behavior is a concept which helps to
evaluate the behavior of the individuals and groups within the companies. It is important for the
companies to focus on organizational behavior so that goals and objectives can be attained.
Organizational behavior is also related with human actions in the company.
Also it has been seen that organization is a place where managers conduct their activities.
If there is no companies then managers are also not there. An organization is a place where
people can complete their activities in an effective manner. Managers in the workplace also play
a great role. Without managers it is not possible for the companies to conduct the activities in the
right direction. It is important that managers should have managerial skills and abilities so that
challenges can be faced in a proper manner. Managers play an important role so that proper
guidance can be given to the employees of the company. BIG –B also focuses on the behavior of
the people related to companies. It has been seen that there are various levels like organizational
level, organizational area, organizational type and organizational size. The job of managers is to
focus on proper management of the activities.
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Organization behavior
Topic 2
According to Campion et al., 2005, it has been analyzed that there are eight obstacles and
opportunities. First obstacle is related with work design influences in multiple outcomes. In this
it has been investigated that it is difficult to recognize the influence of work design in various
outcomes. The next obstacle is related with the tradeoff between the approaches of work design.
It has been analyzed that this issue takes place frequently. The third obstacle is related to choose
an appropriate unit of evaluation. In this it has been seen that lack of guidance is one of the issue
that create unified theories related to job design and also the practical changes are made in
relation to the jobs. Next obstacle is related with predicting the nature of job. In this it has been
seen that role of analyzing the nature of job is important. Next obstacle is related with job
enlargement that can take place without enrichment.
In this it has been seen that companies often redesign jobs to increase the overall
motivational value. Next is concerned with new jobs that should be created as a part of growth.
In this, it has been seen that in this it is related with that how jobs change in relation to growth.
The last obstacle is relates to the long term effects that can also impact the short term effects. So,
through this article it has been seen that it is important or the company to redesign jobs in a
proper manner.
Also, it is important to consider proper organizational structure and design so that
activities can be managed. Organization structure is related with organizing the work in an
effective manner. Work specialization helps to diversify the skills that are possessed by the
workers. Departmentalization relates to the common job operations that should be grouped so
activities can take place in a coordinated manner. Chain of command is also the line of authority
that relates from upper level to lowest levels. Span of control is necessary so that all level in the
workplace can be determined.
In context to the book, centralization also focuses on upper level and decentralization
relates to the environment which is complex and uncertain. Also in organizational design
decisions it has been seen that there are traditional organizational designs in which focus is given
on functional and divisional structure.
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Organization behavior
Topic 5
According to Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013, organizational culture is a process
that focuses on the overall culture of the company that helps to resolve the issues in the external
environment. There are various levels of culture like values, observable facts and basic
underlying assumptions. Organizational climate consist of share values and beliefs. It is
important to have positive climate so that operations can take place in right direction. Climate of
the company is important as it directly impact the working pattern of the employees.
Topic 6
According to Chan 2014, corporate social responsibility is considered as an important
part of the company. There are many companies like Starbucks and Microsoft which have
created code of conduct and with this the negative impact on the environment can also be
reduced. Friedman states that it is the responsibility of the company to make profits.
According to Martínez, Fernández and Fernández 2016, it has been investigated that
social responsible behavior as a strategy should consider two approaches related to institutional
theory and stakeholder approach. These approaches have an important role which can also be
considered as complementary. It also focuses on distribution of goods and services. In this theory
the focus is given on two main theories like institutional and stakeholder theory which helps the
company to achieve success. Company needs a CSR strategy as it is helps to create value for its
shareholders and also maintain goodwill in the market. Also if CSR activities are managed then
it creates social and environmental values which assist the company to accomplish overall
objective of business. Social responsibility is also considered as the commitment in context to
sustainability. There are two opposing views related to social responsibility like classical view
and social economic view.
In classical view management states that social responsibility is related with enhancing
profits. Next is socio economic view that states that it also promotes society welfare. The ethical
behavior can also be improved by focusing on selecting the employees and also on code of
ethics. It is important for the managers should consider proper code of ethics and also the
managers should communicate effectively.
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Organization behavior
According to Mehta 2012, CSR plays an important role in both domestic and
international sector. The awareness has been enhanced just because of the various aspects giving
impact on the environmental degradation. Davis believed that the company should not only focus
on making profits but also emphasize on fulfilling the demand of the society. So, CSR should be
considered by the companies so that growth can be achieved and also society can be satisfied.
Topic 7
According to Lazaroiu, 2015, employee motivation gives impact on the job performance
of the employees. It is the duty of the managers to focus on these aspects so that activities can
take place in an effective manner. To motivate the employees it has been examined that there are
various theories like Maslow Hierarchy of needs where needs of the employees are analyzed.
Adams’ equity theory states that if there is no equity within the employees then it can give
negative impact on the performance. So, it is important to maintain proper equity. Next theory is
Alderfer’s ERG, which is motivational theory that considers the individual human conduct. Also
this theory enables an individual to pursue the overall demand of high level before meeting the
demands of low level.
Therefore, it can be stated that it is the responsibility of the managers to focus on
motivating the employees. Management should consider both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards so
that overall performance of the employees can be evaluated.
Topic 8
According to Mikkelson, York and Arritola, 2015, communication, leadership style and
competence are considered to analyze the overall employee outcome. In context to
communication competence it has been seen that communication competence consists of quality
of communication. It has been analyzed that communication competencies are considered to be
one of the best qualification in the employees. Northouse stated that leadership is a process
where people are influenced to attain a common goal. The leadership approaches focuses on the
behavior related to task and relationship behavior. Employee outcome also defines the outcomes
that can be related to the organizations and leaders. It has been seen that employee productivity
in the workplace is difficult to be defined and measured. Therefore, it has been seen that
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Organization behavior
communication and relation with the employee outcomes relates to job satisfaction and also
organizational commitment.
Topic 10
According to Chaudhry, Javed and Sabir, 2012, leadership is considered as an important
role that helps to enhance business sustainability. Leadership helps to enhance proper
understanding so that wants can be analyzed. Transformational style helps to inspire the
subordinates with their leaders.
Figure 1: Relation between transformational and transactional leadership styles
(Source: Chaudhry, Javed and Sabir, 2012)
So, it has been seen that employees are motivated by considering the leadership styles.
James heskett states that Servant leadership is considered as an age old concept that is considered
in the primary role that serves the employees. Servant leaders go beyond the leaders of
transformational in choosing the needs of the others and also in serving others as the leaders. In
context to transformational leaders the main aim is to align the interest with the other groups.
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Organization behavior
Topic 11
According to Ronald, 2014, leadership is related to centralization of effort in one person.
It also induces the subordinate to behave in a proper manner. There are various theories related
to leadership that should be considered by the managers so that it can be simple for the
employees to give their best towards the activities. There are various behavioral theories of
leadership like the lowa studies. It is a behavioral approach that focuses on the traits and focus on
the leaders actions in considering the leadership role. Next theory is ohio studies in which focus
is given on the high performance by achieving goals and promoting the overall motivation
atmosphere of the subordinates.
Ohio state leadership Quadrants
(Source: Ronald, 2014).
Next is related with Michigan Studies which is also connected to Ohio studies. Also there
are various theories like X and Y theory, continuum of leader’s behavior, managerial grid and
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Organization behavior
three dimensional theories. The contingency theories of leadership are contingency model, path
goal theory and normative decision model. Therefore, these styles should be considered so that
activities can be conducted smoothly.
Topic 12
According to Bouckenooghe, 2010, it has been seen that change plays a great role in the
workplace. Employees have different attitude towards change that take place in the workplace. It
has been examined that commitment related to change is a force that binds a person towards the
actions that are important to be considered so that change initiative can be considered. In context
to change it has been seen that one of the essential dualities can take place is related with nature
of change. In context to teleological approach it has been seen that company can consider the
procedure so that motivation can be given. Therefore, it has been seen that change can be related
to organizational development and also helps to achieve positive results.
Recommendation
Therefore, by analyzing the entire topics it can be recommended that these should be
considered by the top management so that operations can take place in the right direction. Also,
if proper motivation is there within the employees then positive impact can be analyzed on the
overall operations. Also it is recommended that mangers should focus on giving proper
leadership so that overall operations of the company can be completed.
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Organization behavior
Conclusion
So, it has been concluded that the topic discussed in this paper, can give positive impact
and can also help to accomplish overall goals and objectives. The topics that are discussed in the
paper not only help the company to achieve positive results but also give impact on the growth.
These topics relates to organizational behavior which also analyzes the mindset of people
that will help to generate views which can assist in completing the activities effectively. Also top
management should focus on giving motivation to the employees so that they can complete the
task with dedication. Also by considering these organizational concepts it can be simple for
companies and employees to accomplish goals and objectives in an effective manner. Also these
concepts will help to enhance the market share in the competitive business world. Also,
organizational culture should be maintained so that growth can be achieved and also through this
positive impact can be given on the overall activities done by the employees.
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Organization behavior
References
Bouckenooghe, D., 2010. Positioning change recipients’ attitudes toward change in the
organizational change literature. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 46(4), pp.500-531.
Campion, M.A., Mumford, T.V., Morgeson, F.P. and Nahrgang, J.D., 2005. Work redesign:
Eight obstacles and opportunities. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation
with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the
Society of Human Resources Management, 44(4), pp.367-390.
Chan, L.Y., 2014. Corporate social responsibility of multinational corporations. University of
Washington, pp.1-19.
Chaudhry, A.Q., Javed, H. and Sabir, M., 2012. The impact of transformations and transactional
leadership styles on the motivation of employees in pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social
Review, pp.223-231.
Heath, C. and Sitkin, S.B., 2001. Big‐B versus Big‐O: What is organizational about
organizational behavior?. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 22(1), pp.43-58.
Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee motivation and job performance. Linguistic and Philosophical
Investigations, 14, p.97.
Martínez, J.B., Fernández, M.L. and Fernández, P.M.R., 2016. Corporate social responsibility:
Evolution through institutional and stakeholder perspectives. European journal of management
and business economics, 25(1), pp.8-14.
Mehta, S.,2012. Why do we go from here ? Viewing corporate social responsibility through lens.
The journal contemporary management research,6(2),pp.69-76.
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Mikkelson, A.C., York, J.A. and Arritola, J., 2015. Communication competence, leadership
behaviors, and employee outcomes in supervisor-employee relationships. Business and
Professional Communication Quarterly, 78(3), pp.336-354.
Ronald, B., 2014. Comprehensive leadership review-literature, theories and research. Advances
in Management, 7(5), p.52.
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M.G. and Macey, W.H., 2013. Organizational climate and
culture. Annual review of psychology, 64, pp.361-388.
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