Organizational Behavior: Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation, and Team Dynamics

This report delves into the intricate relationship between organizational culture, politics, power, motivation, and team dynamics. Using the case study of 4com plc, a UK-based telecommunications provider, the report analyzes how these factors influence individual and team behavior, performance, and overall organizational success. It explores various theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Tuckman's Stages of Group Development, and the Path-Goal Theory, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these concepts can be applied in a real-world business context. The report also critically evaluates the effectiveness of different motivational techniques and team development strategies, offering practical recommendations for improving organizational performance.

UNIT: 12 –Organizational Behaviour
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1-Written report............................................................................................................................4
Introduction:......................................................................................................................................4
P1 Analyse how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behavior and performance.................................................................................................................4
M1 Critically analyze how the culture, politics, and power of an organization can influence
individual and team behavior and performance.................................................................................8
D1 Critically evaluates the relationship between culture, politics, power, and motivation that
enables teams and organizations to succeed in providing justified recommendations.......................9
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................10
Task 2..................................................................................................................................................11
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................11
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organizational context............................................................11
M2 Critically evaluates how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts, and models............................................................15
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................16
Task 3..................................................................................................................................................17
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................17
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..................................17
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic
cooperation......................................................................................................................................19
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................20
Task 4..................................................................................................................................................21
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................21
P4. Apply the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior within an organizational
context and a given business situation.............................................................................................21
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M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behavior in
both a positive and negative way.....................................................................................................23
D2. Critically analyze and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context of
organizational behavior concepts and philosophies that influence behavior in the workplace.........24
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................25
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................26
References...........................................................................................................................................27
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Introduction
This report will present the organizational culture, policies and also the power of 4com plc
for encouraging the working efforts done by the whole management. The 4com plc is UK
based telecommunication provide which assists in providing business telephone system to the
UK SME market. They also improve the phone solutions for resolving the telephonic issues
of approx. 10000 customers within the home country. The turnover of 4com plc is £20M to
£30M. This assignment is mainly focused on the content and procedure theories of
motivation and motivational methods which enables the actual attainment of goals within the
business environment. Also, the role of the effective team will be explained as opposed to an
ineffective team. In addition to this, the concept and philosophies of organizational behavior
within the situation of 4com plc will be explained. The report also presents Maslow’s theory
and Charles henrys model of culture illustration. The concepts and strategies adopted by
4com plc. will be evaluated for solving the business issue.
(Source: Livewire, 2018)
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Task 1-Written report
Introduction:
This part of the reported study will introduce the culture, politics and also the powerful
influence of 4com plc. Different models such as Charles Hendy, Hofstede, etc. will be
evaluated below. Also, the organizational culture and politics of 4com plc will critically
analyzed.
P1 Analyse how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual and
team behavior and performance.
As stated by Charles Handy, culture is the way in which the persons live and trail unrecorded
standards. He also explained that the philosophy portraying a society is resolute, built and
dispersed by the leading group within the association. The organizational culture of 4com plc.
contains power culture, task culture, person culture and role culture.
(Source: Author)
Organizational culture
The organizational culture is simply defined as the basic politics, standards and ways of
interrelating which contributes towards the single and psychosomatic environment of the
organization. It consists of the behaviour of value of organization which can either affect its
environment in positive or negative way. The organizational culture of 4com plc is effective
which helps in attaining its stated goals and objective of the organization. It can be seen that
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Power Role
Task Person

the organizational culture of 4com plc helps in providing innovative and strategic ideas for
the development of the organization. Basically, the 4com pl. is a medium sized organization
where the workers are dedicated towards their work which helps in the rapid development of
the firm. There are many products of 4com plc which has been improved effectively such as
business phone system, application and others.
As stated in Hofstede Insights (2018), organizational culture is well-defined as the method in
which the business employee linked to each other, their effort and the outdoor world by
comparing with other organization. This will not hinder or enable the strategies made by the
organization. The Hofstede is divided into five dimensions which are individualism, time
orientation, femininity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance. This theory is used within the
working environment of 4com plc. for integrating the efforts of employees in the culture for
getting an effective outcome.
Power culture
In an organization with the authority culture, the power is mainly detained by few persons
whose effect ranges in the organization. It means that some employees or managers are
involved in the decision making the process of the organization. There is various power
culture within 4com plc such as experts, legitimate, referent and coercive power which can
either have a positive or negative impact on the growth and development of the organization.
The advantage of power culture is that it helps in making the decision easily (Merchant,
2018). In the working environment of 4com plc it can be seen that only some of the
employees used to take part in the decision meetings and due to this, the employer is to not
required to analyze the various decisions. Mainly the power culture of 4com plc consists of
manager who holds the reasonable power more than the employees. The 4com plc is
telecommunication firm which requires some technical experts who can be able to take a
decision regarding the software and hardware works of the system (Tutor2u, 2018). The
referent power is linked with the reference of other employee working within the firm. The
coercive power shows the negative part of the organization in which threats and other
activities will be used by the upper management against the employees for the completion of
the work. In the context of 4com Plc. rewards are also provided by the management for
motivating the employees (Merchant, 2018).
Role culture
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In general, the organization with role culture is based on rules. They are highly controlled
with each and every employee within the organization by knowing their roles and
responsibilities. In the context of 4com plc employees are bounded with rules for attaining
the stated goals and aim of the organization.
Task culture
In the context of 4com plc the task culture helps in making a sudden decision at the crucial
phase of the organization. Each and every employee are concerned with their work which
helps in the improvement of the production and another aspect of the firm. Teams are
designed to resolve specific problems and also to derive power from proficiency as long as a
team requires capability.
Person culture
The organization having the person culture is simply the collection of employees who work
or the same organization (Tutor2u, 2018). In the context of 4com plc the person culture is the
social groups and other people which assist in increasing the organizational performance
effectively.
Stakeholder map
The stakeholder map is the visual representation of the stakeholder analysis which organizes
those people as per the key criteria which will be managed in the project.
The stakeholder map of 4com plc is diagrammed below:
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(Source: Interaction Design Foundation, 2017)
Organizational politics
Organizational politics is defined as the action taken by the employees as per the given
position and power by the upper management. There are numerous factors which are
responsible for creating a bad environment within the organization. As some of them are lack
of communication, conflicts, mismanagement, unorganized business structure, and others. In
the context of 4com plc, the organization politics is having positive as well negative impact
over the business structure and another aspect of the firm. With the help of organizational
politics, the employees will be able to attain the stated organizational goals whereas it can
create undesirable consequences as well.
Organizational power
The organizational power is important because it helps in influencing the behavior of other
employees within the firm. The structural source of power is used by the management of
4com plc for attaining the goal and objective before the deadline.
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M1 Critically analyze how the culture, politics, and power of an organization can
influence individual and team behavior and performance.
It can be seen that the culture, politics, and power plays an important role in influencing the
individual’s team behavior and also their performance. In the context of 4com plc, the
culture, politics and power influence the team performance in a positive way. This is because
the organizational manager is focused over the communication and another process of the
firm which helps in modifying the structure in a progressive way. The culture of 4com plc is
effective as it contributes to the growth of their product and service as well. The management
of 4com plc is used to analyze the market and customer needs for modifying their culture as
this helps in changing the organizational environment easily. The main advantage of
organizational culture is that it mainly gives a positive vibe to the employees and employer as
well (Bolman and Deal, 2017). The organizational politics can either hinder or foster the
development of organization. In the context of 4com plc, the employer is taking care of
avoiding the political issues. This helps in protecting the vision and mission of firm
effectively.
In the context of 4com Plc. the pros and cons of culture, power, and politics are listed below:
Factors Advantage Disadvantage
Culture Helps in increasing the
motivation level of
employees
The negative culture can
affect the skills and abilities
of employees
Power The skill and abilities of
employees help in increasing
the organizational
performance
The junior employee does
not have the power to
communicate with the upper
management which can
demotivate their work
Politics Helps in developing
competitive behavior
The rise of conflicts and
disputes within the firm
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D1 Critically evaluates the relationship between culture, politics, power, and motivation
that enables teams and organizations to succeed in providing justified
recommendations.
The culture, politics, and inspiration are linked with each other which assist in enabling the
team and organization as well for succeeding their work in an effective and efficient way. In
the context of 4com plc. the employees are integrated with the culture for making innovative
product and services for the development of the organization. The political factors sometimes
affect the development of 4com plc. It is important that the management needs to focus on
the strategies which help in motivating the employees (Fullan, 2014). It can be seen that if the
employees will get motivated then easily the organizational development will be done
effectively. The adoption of Maslow theory helps in fulfilling the higher needs and demand
of the customer. In general, the effective organizational culture helps in growth and
expansion of the firm whereas the unorganized culture can affect the communication level of
the firm.
Recommendations
 The organization can hire training professional experts who can provide new ideas
and skills for enhancing the working level of employees.
 Meetings and other activities can be organized for knowing the demand and problem
of the customer with the organization.
 The employer can also divide team for analyzing the ideas
 The organization needs to manage the political issue so that it will not affect the
organizational future.
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Conclusion:
The above report concludes that the Hofstede and Henry's model will assist in analyzing the
organizational politics and behavior in an effective way. Through this, the organization will
be able to know their problems and drawbacks in order to improve the performance. The
organization needs to organize a meeting or other activities with their employees for
resolving the issue related to the dirty politics.
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Task 2
Introduction
This section of the reported study will evaluate the content and process philosophies of
motivation and also the motivational techniques for attaining the stated goals and objective of
the firm. Various theories will be explained for knowing its influence on the organizational
behavior.
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context.
Motivation
In general, motivation is well-defined as the internal and external features which arouse
aspiration and vitality in people to be repeatedly absorbed and dedicated to the job role.
Content theory
The content theory explains the reason regarding the changes in human needs is regular time.
Some of the content theories are as follows:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs- The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the motivational model
in psychology consists of five steps model of social needs frequently showed as the ranked
stages within the diagram.
(Source: McLeod, 2018)
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The major needs of Maslow’s hierarchy are as follows:
Physiological needs- The physiological needs are the essentials for basic facilities of life
which comprises of air, water, food, shelter, clothing, and others.
Safety needs- The safety needs the protection of physical, emotion and environmental
protection effectively and efficiently.
Social needs- Social needs mainly consist of the need for care, affection, and love.
Esteem needs- Esteem needs are divided into two parts which are internal and external
esteem. The internal esteem comprises of self-confidence, assurance, and liberty whereas the
external esteem includes status, consideration and appreciation.
Self-actualization needs- This level assists in providing the ability to achieve person’s
potential and creativity.
With the help of Maslow theory, the management of 4com plc, will be able to develop their
performance for attaining the stated goals and objective of the firm. Through this, the
organization will be able to provide a beneficial summary of social needs which can use for
the product development, placing, valuing and also the designing of the sales channel.
Hertzberg’s 2 factors theory
In the year 1959, Frederick Herzberg planned two-factor theory known as a motivator-
hygiene theory. As stated by Herzberg there are certain aspects related to a job which either
result in satisfies or prevent dissatisfaction. He categorized the job elements into two groups
which are hygiene and motivational factors.
Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are the job aspects which are important for the survival of
incentive within the working environment. It can be seen that the hygiene aspects do not clue
to optimistic consummation for the long term. Some of the factors included in hygiene factors
are pay, organizational policy, fringe benefits, physical working condition, job security and
many more. The hygiene elements cannot be considered as motivators because it will be
responsible in dissatisfying the employees of 4com plc. in a negative way.
Motivational factors
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The motivational factors help in providing positive satisfaction to the employees. For a
superior performance within the organization, the management can use this factor for
motivating their employees effectively and efficiently. The motivational factors comprise of
the sense of attainment, responsibility, development and publicity chances and others.
Aiming on the motivational factors can recover the quality work of the employees of 4com
plc.
Alderfer theory
ERG theory is the motivational theory proposed by Clayton Alderfer. He further advanced
the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs of classifying the grading into the ERG theory. The
existence collection is mainly concerned with providing simple physical existence
requirement of individuals. In this, theory, the human needs are divided into three levels
which are listed below:
(Source: Business Jargons, n.d)
Existence needs- The existence needs of 4com plc employees include all materials and
physiological desires such as food, love, affection, water, and others.
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Relatedness needs- This consists of the aspiration individuals who help in maintaining the
significant interpersonal relationship and also getting fame and recognition in the
marketplace. It is mainly related to need for maintaining the security in the group.
Growth needs- This includes the need for personal development and growth.
The ERG theory needs to be used by the management of 4com plc for developing an effective
and active team. This will be helpful in improving the production and also expansion process
of the firm (Kahn, 2015).
Process theories
Expectancy Theory- As per the words of Purvis, et. al. (2015) the expectancy theory
explains the process which is used by the individual for making choices. This motivation
theory is first planned by Victor Vroom in the United States. This theory mainly focuses on
the results and outcome and not on the needs of folks. The organizational decision will be
solely depended on the motivational level of employees. Some of the advantages of
expectancy theory is that it helps in boosting the employee’s performance in order to improve
the working performance of the team. The participation of each member will be helpful in
attaining the organizational goal.
Equity theory- Equity theory is based on the skills that employees are motivated by equality
if they will easily be able to identify inequities in their outcome ratio. The management of
4com plc adopted this theory for considering the working and payment of the employees in
an effective and efficient way. This theory assists in reflecting the business structure of 4com
plc in a positive way. It helps in providing ideas for protecting the information of the
organizational environment.
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M2 Critically evaluates how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts, and models.
Different theories are used by the management of 4com plc for influencing the team behavior
and also the organization development in an effective way (Nilsen, 2015). Some of the
theories adopted by 4com plc are Maslow, ERG theory, process theory and many more. The
pros and cons of theories used by the management of 4com plc are as follows:
Positive impact Negative impact
Use of innovative ideas will assist in
attaining the stated organizational goal
It fails to explain why some of the
individuals prefer to ignore fewer needs
Motivates persons to move from central
needs toward higher requirements, providing
an idea for personal growth
The theories are hard to implement within the
firm
Explain specific factors for motivating the
behavior
Fails to provide the intrinsic impetus for
employees
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Conclusion
This report concludes the content and process philosophies of motivation and motivational
which can be used by the organization for attaining the success in an effective and efficient
way. The above-described theories explain strategies to influence the behavior of others
within the business environment.
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Task 3
Introduction
In this task, the discussion will be made regarding the actual team as contrast to the
unsuccessful team. The teamwork is important within the organization because it helps in
enhancing the communication between employees and managers.
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
The effective team plays an important role in the growth and development of the
organization. In the context of 4com plc the effective team has a quantity of structural blocks
in spaces such as stable roles, good statement, clear objectives and many more. It can be seen
that the ineffective team and easily response with the words of higher management i.e.
without providing their ideas and knowledge for the development of the project. On the other
hand, the effective team adopts new skills in various processes within the firm. This helps in
gaining the competitive advantage. Following are the characteristics of an effective team:
(Source: Author)
The characteristics as controlled by the active team in opposition of unsuccessful team
are explained below:
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Effectiv
e team
Goal
oriented
Support
Respect
Balanced
role
Listening
skills
Reliability

Goal and objective- The goals and objective of effects are clearly defined before the
implementation of the process. This helps in the completion of the project before the deadline
(Morello, 2018).
Open discussion- The effective team makes open discussion with the members for knowing
their review opinion regarding the success of the goal.
Communication- Proper communication is used to be done within the effective team of
4com plc. for having a clear view of the feedback of members regarding work.
Participation- The members of the effective team is used to participate in every activity of
the organization for analyzing the innovation and new ideas.
Characteristics of an ineffective team of 4com plc are listed below:
Characteristics Description
Errors and negativity Finger indicating is one of main
characteristics of the unsuccessful team. The
ineffective team of 4com plc associates are
easily identifies the errors of members than
providing a solution or knowledge from
delays.
Unequal member The ineffective team of 4com plc do not
contribute similarly and none of the member
is allowable to drive on the shoulder of rest
of the team.
Lack of cohesion There is lack of unity within the ineffective
team of 4com plc. This is because some
players have additional associates with same
talents whereas other members agonize from
the training problem (Morello, 2018).
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M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development
of dynamic cooperation
There are various theories for team and group development for supporting the dynamic
cooperation. The Tuckman theory helps in developing the team by using effective steps. It
clearly defines the project’s objective and making sure each team member is doing their work
or not. Following are the steps for team development:
Steps Description
Forming The first stage is related to the identification of own skills and
abilities required for the development of the organization.
Storming In the second phase, the individual starts using their skills in the
team
Norming In this process, discussion and processing of ideas is used to be
done
Performing In the last stage, the employees of 4com plc combine their skills
for attaining the organizational goal (Seck and Helton, 2014).
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Conclusion
As per the above discussion, it is concluded that effective team is one of the major aspects
which helps in the growth and development of the organization. The organization needs to
develop the team by using Tuckman theory because it helps in describing each and every step
required for its success.
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Task 4
Introduction
In this part of the study, the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior will be
applied to the working environment of 4com Plc. The concepts and theories will be explored
and evaluated in both positive and negative way.
P4. Apply the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior within an
organizational context and a given business situation.
For managing the business situation, the management of 4com plc can use a different concept
of organizational behavior such as a path-goal theory. This theory helps in emphasizing the
leadership style which suited for the business environment.
Path-goal theory
The path-goal theory is also acknowledged as the path-goal theory of leader efficiency which
was established by Robert House in the year 1996. The goal is to enhance the motivation
level of employees, satisfaction, and empowerment so that they will enhance the production
of the firm. This theory is basically based on Vroom’s expectancy theory where the employee
will at in a positive way grounded on the anticipation that the turn will be done by a given
result. 4com plc is a medium-sized enterprise where the leaders help their members in the
completion of the task. The issue in the business situation can also be resolved easily
(Management Study Guide, 2018). There are four path goal types of leaders behavior:
Directive path goal- In this approach, the leaders of 4com plc is used to provide guidelines
to the employees and also know what is expected of them. He also makes judicious use of
rewards and disciplinary actions.
Achievement oriented leader- In the achievement-oriented approach, the leader sets
challenging goal and encouraging employees to attain the stated goal and objective of the
firm.
Participative leader behavior- The 4com plc, the leader believes in group decision making
and to collect the review and ideas of each and every member for the success of the
organization. The leaders also communicate with their subordinates without taking any
decision.
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Supportive leader behavior- In this approach, the leader shows the personal concern for
their welfare and needs (Management Study Guide, 2018).
Contingency theory- The contingency theory is adopted by the management of 4com plc.
when each and every leadership style will work in some situation. It further explains that the
connection among leader’s style and success is reliant on the characteristic of employees and
work atmosphere.
The path-goal theory assists in resolving the various types of business situation where the
leaders can change their style as per the situation.
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M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behavior in both a positive and negative way.
Some of the positive and negative impacts of concept and viewpoints of organizational
behavior along with the influence behavior are listed below:
Positive impact Negative impact
The motivational principles are integrated for
having an effective organizational outcome
Path-goal theory is critical and complex
because sometimes it confuses the employees
in the phases
The path-goal theory helps to develop an
innovative path for accomplishing the
organizational goal (Chumg, et. al. 2016)
The method can fail if the leader has faults
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D2. Critically analyze and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the
context of organizational behavior concepts and philosophies that influence behavior in
the workplace.
There are various theories used by the management of 4com plc. for increasing the
satisfaction of employees of the team. The Tuckman’s team development process is used for
attaining the organizational objectives in an effective and efficient way (Greene, 2017). In the
performance phase, the organization is not able to develop an effective outcome as this is due
to not completing the norming phase which is related to the discussion of ideas.
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Conclusion
As per the above-discussed study, it is concluded path-goal theory which defines four types
of behavior. This theory also highlights the style of leadership which are required for the
growth and development of the organization.
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Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is concluded that organizational behavior needs to develop as
per the current market and customer needs. The above case study is related to the
organizational behavior of 4com plc which is a telecommunication firm. The organization
needs to assess their performance for managing the brand and market value within the
business sector. The pros and cons of various theories and models are used in the above tasks
so that the organization will be able to know the effective tool. The path-goal theory has been
analyzed in the last task for influencing the motivation level of employees for attaining the
organizational goals. The organization can use digital technology for developing the
organizational culture effectively and efficiently. The role of the effective team has been
evaluated in the above assignment for supporting the organizational development of 4com
plc.
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