Organizational Behaviour Analysis for UK Retail Organization

This report analyzes the relationship between organizational behavior, culture, power, and politics in a UK retail organization. It also evaluates motivational theories and techniques and provides recommendations for employee motivation and performance. The report critically assesses the process of team development in building effective teams.

Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................2
Activity 1.............................................................................................................................2
Critical evaluation of relationship between organizational culture, politics and power.....2
Organizational culture....................................................................................................2
Organizational politics and power..................................................................................2
Relationship between culture, politics and power..........................................................3
Impact of the culture, politics and power in the performance and motivation of
employees......................................................................................................................5
Impact of culture, power and politics on performance and team motivation.................5
Activity 2.............................................................................................................................6
Evaluation of appropriate motivational theories, models and techniques.........................6
Theories of motivation....................................................................................................6
Recommendations for employee motivation and performance in the organization......9
Justification for the recommendations.........................................................................10
Activity 3...........................................................................................................................10
Critical assessment of process of team development in building effective teams..........10
Theories of team building.............................................................................................10
Contribution of effective team to the organizational performance...............................12
Reflection on the team building experience.................................................................12
Activity 4...........................................................................................................................13
Application of different concepts and philosophies of Organizational Behavior.............13
Concepts and theories of organizational behavior......................................................13
Impact of organizational structure theories and concepts of employee behavior and
performance.................................................................................................................15
References.......................................................................................................................16

2ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Introduction
Organizational behavior can be defined as the study of the ways by which people
can act within different groups. The analysis of organizational behavior is mainly related
to the attempts that are made to improve the operations and revenues that are gained
as well. The report will be based on the analysis of relationships that exist between the
organizational behavior, culture, power and politics. The analysis will be based on the
context of the operations of an UK retail organization and issues that are faced related
to staff turnover as well.
Activity 1
Critical evaluation of relationship between organizational culture, politics and
power
Organizational culture
Organizational culture mainly includes the experiences, expectations and the
philosophy that can guide the behavior that is depicted by the members. Culture is also
a part of the inner workings, interactions, self-image that is able to fulfill the future
expectations of the firms. Culture is also related to the customs, beliefs and the attitudes
that are the developed by the employees of the organization (Aktas, Gelfand and
Hanges 2016).

3ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Organizational politics and power
Politics can be defined as the irrational behavior that is depicted by the
individuals at their workplace for the purpose of obtaining the advantages that are not
under their control. Power is considered to be important aspects that are related to the
proper evolution of modern organizations and rise of the management of organizations
as well. Power has an impact on the professional way of operating the organizations
and managing the revenue levels in an effective manner as well. Power is a major
aspect related to the nature of humans who are a part of the organizational operations.
The proper interplay of the forces that are a part of different organizations can influence
the ways by which senior leadership and top management can develop their policies
(Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). Power struggles are a major factor that has an
impact on the family owned organizations that operate in different industries. The rival
powers of different family members can have an impact on the power levels of the
individuals (ARCHER and CAMERON 2013).
Relationship between culture, politics and power
The stakeholders and shareholders of an organization are influenced in a huge
manner by the power and politics related factors. The issues that take place between
members of the top management can have a negative impact on the morals of the
employees. Employees thereby tend to lose the interest related to work due to the
power game that takes place within the top management of the organization
(Ardichvili, Nattoch Dag and Manderscheid 2016). The levels of attrition in the
organizations in which top management employees are a part of power games are high
and they are demoralized by this factor. The power struggle that takes place in the

4ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
organizations can have an impact on work process of the employees. The power games
can have an impact on the productivity levels within the organizations and performance
levels of employees as well (Ashikali and Groeneveld 2015).
The power struggles can thereby lead to the negative outcomes that can have an
impact on the despotic or autocratic nature of the operations. For example, in case of
the firms like Hewlett Packard and Apple the high levels of power struggles have led to
the development of induction programs that can provide benefits to the organization.
The system that is based on proper balances and checks can have an impact on the
levels of centralization of the power and the minimization of control as well. The
decision makers need to consider the different perspectives that are provided by the
employees for the purpose of proper development of decisions (BY and BURNES 2013).
The case study that has been taken into consideration for the analysis is based
on the issues that have been faced by a reputed UK based retailer base on high levels
of turnover. The relationship that is developed between the organizational power and
politics can have an impact on the culture that is formed. The levels of collaboration
within employees and the top management are able to provide support to formation of
organizational culture (Elsmore 2017). The culture that is developed in the organizations
is able to influence the work process and levels of productivity of the employees. The
conflict in interests of the employees is considered to be a major aspect related to the
development of an effective organizational culture. Organizational culture can influence
the ways by which work process will be influenced and the diverse employees can be

5ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
retained as well. The reputed retail organization in UK needs aim at maintaining a
positive culture for the purpose of reduction of attrition rates (Costanza et al. 2016).
Impact of the culture, politics and power in the performance and motivation of
employees
Power can be implemented by the management of an organization in order to get
the jobs done by the employees. The management can have a major level of influence
on the employees in order to enhance the levels of their productivity. Power can be both
positive and negative type as well. The major focus on the organizations is thereby on
the development of power that has the ability to motivate the employees in a positive
manner. Power can thereby be defined as the capability, ability or the right to control
people in an effective manner (Engelen et al. 2015). Power levels can be different in the
various organizations and have a different impact on productivity of employees as well.
The theory based on Classical organization is able to present the organization that has
a rational structure where the authority is based on the chains of commands (Hartnell et
al. 2016). On the other hand, the non-formal roles can be played by managers in
organizations that depict a pragmatic perspective. The performance and motivation
levels of employees are thereby influenced by the type of authority that is developed
within an organization (HUCZYNSKI and BUCHANAN 2013).
Impact of culture, power and politics on performance and team motivation
The proper usage of power in organization is related to the organizational politics
that is developed and the levels of collaboration that exists between the employees as
well. The proper motivation levels of the teams within organizations are also based on

6ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
the organizational politics and the power games that are a part of the top management
of the firms. The remuneration levels of employees are influenced in a huge manner by
the power levels that in turn is able to motivate the employees (Imran, Ilyas and Aslam
2016). The power levels in the organizations are able to support the development of an
effective work environment that is able to stimulate the work process of employees. A
positive organizational culture is able to play a major role in proper improvement of
motivation levels of the teams. The work environment in organizations is developed with
the support that is provided by the organizational culture and the power levels as well
(Jiang and Men 2017).
Activity 2
Evaluation of appropriate motivational theories, models and techniques
Theories of motivation
Content theory
Maslow’s theory – Abraham Maslow had proposed the Hierarchy of Needs
Theory in the year 1943 that is able to depict the factors that are related to different
levels of human motivation. The theory is mainly related to proper assumption related to
hierarchy of the five needs that are possessed by the individuals. The urgency related to
different needs have been able to influence the levels and stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy
model (Al-Harthy 2016). Physiological needs are mainly based on the basic needs
related to water, air, shelter and clothing. The physiological needs are based on the
needs related to basic amenities of the lives of individuals. Safety needs – The safety

7ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
based needs mainly include the environmental, physical and emotional safety based
needs of the individuals. The levels of financial security, family security are considered
to be an important part of this stage of Maslow’s hierarchy needs (Cook and Artino Jr
2016).
Social needs – The social needs of employees are mainly based on the needs
related to affection, love, care, friendship and belongingness. Esteem needs – The
esteem based needs are considered to be of two major types that include internal
esteem based needs that include confidence, self-respect, achievement and
competence and external esteem based needs that include power, recognition,
attention, admiration, power and status. Self-actualization needs – This stage mainly
include the needs that are mainly based on the urge that people have for the purpose of
using their potential to the highest levels (Howard et al. 2016). The social needs of the
employees in the UK based retail organization can be fulfilled effectively by higher
management staff. The fulfillment of basic needs will be satisfied and it can lead to the
self-esteem and self-actualization based needs.
Herzberg’s theory – The Two-factor based motivation theory had been
proposed by Frederick Herzberg in the year 1959. The job factors that can have an
impact on the work process of the employees can be divided into two parts that include
the hygiene factors and the motivational factors. The Hygiene factors are considered
to be the job factors that are effective for the existence of the levels of motivation at the
workplace (Kanfer, Frese and Johnson 2017). The positive levels of satisfaction cannot
lead to the development of motivation levels on a long term basis. The absence of the
factors on the other hand can enhance the levels of dissatisfaction. The different

8ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
aspects of the organization that are a part of the hygiene factors include pay, company
policies, fringe benefits, status, physical working, job security and the interpersonal
relations (Lăzăroiu 2015). The Motivational factors are able to develop high levels of
job satisfaction for the employees. The factors are thereby considered to be the
satisfiers and the aspects can help the employees to perform their jobs. Different factors
that are considered to be the motivational factors in the organization include recognition,
promotional opportunities and growth, sense of the achievement, responsibility (LEVI
2014). The higher management employees of UK retail organization have to increase
the motivational factors in order to enhance the job satisfaction levels rather increasing
the hygiene factors which can reduce motivation.
Process theory
Adams Equity theory – The Adam’s Equity theory mainly states relates to the
proper development of a balance between the inputs that are provided by the
employees and the outputs that they receive. The effective balance is mainly based on
the ways by which a positive and strong relationship can be developed in order to gain a
positive result of the entire process. The major importance of Adam’s Equity theory is
mainly based on the ways by which the organization strives to enhance the levels of
motivation and levels of job satisfaction as well (Lăzăroiu 2015). The different inputs
that have been discussed in the model include efforts, loyalty, commitment, hard work,
skills, commitment, ability, adaptability, acceptance, flexibility, enthusiasm,
determination, support, trust and the personal sacrifice as well. The different outputs
that are provided as a part of this process include reputation, recognition, responsibility,

9ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
stimulus, job security and growth (Lisak and Erez 2015). The inputs that are provided by
the employees of the UK retail organization including their efforts, commitment, hard
work, flexibility and ability can lead to development of outputs related to reputation,
growth and recognition of the firm.
Goal setting theory – The goal setting theory of motivation had been proposed
by Edwin Locke in the year 1960 and it states that the setting of the goals is linked in an
effective manner with the task based performance. The challenging and specific goals
and the appropriate feedback are able to contribute to the better task based
performance. The goals that are developed by the organizations as a part of this theory
are mainly related to the feedback and the employee behavior. The two major
eventualities that are a part of the goal setting theory include self-efficiency and goal
commitment (Cook and Artino Jr 2016).
Recommendations for employee motivation and performance in the organization
The recommendations that can be provided to the reputable UK retailer based on
improvement of employee motivation levels and performance are as follows,
The management of the organization needs to improve the pay levels that
are provided to the employees and the benefits that are provided to them
as well.
The culture of the organization can be developed with the help of proper
collaboration that is developed by the management of the organization
with the employees (Mo and Shi 2017).

10ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
The organization can improve motivational levels and reduce the
employee turnover with the support that is provided by the improvement of
performance management systems.
Justification for the recommendations
The major reasons behind the recommendations that have been provided to the
UK based retail organization are as follows,
The enhancement of the pay levels of the employees will be able to
improve the ways by which their motivation can be increased by providing
them financial security.
The positive organizational culture will be able to provide an effective work
environment to the employees so that they can offer the best levels of
services to the firm (Mokhber, bin Wan Ismail and Vakilbashi 2015).
The firm will be able to enhance the levels of motivation if the effective
performance management based systems can be implemented and the
employees’ performance can be improved as well.

11ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Activity 3
Critical assessment of process of team development in building effective teams
Theories of team building
Hard and soft skill – The employers search for two different types of skills
during the process of team building. The two types of skills that can be possessed by
the employees include the hard skills and soft skills. Hard skills are considered to be
teachable skill sets and the abilities that can be quantified easily. The skills can be
learnt by the employees and can be used by the employees in an effective manner
(Naseer et al. 2016). The hard skills that can be used by the employees include degree
or the certificates, typing speed, machine based operations, computer programming.
The soft skills are those which cannot be quantified and they also cannot be learned by
the employees. The examples of soft skills include flexibility, motivation, leadership,
abilities of problem solving, teamwork, leadership, motivation and time management
(ROLLINSON 2008).
Tuckman’s team development model – Tuckman’s team development model
had been suggested by Bruce Tuckman in the year 1965. The five stages that are a part
of this model include forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The
forming based stage is based on the ways by which the members can gain the
knowledge based on their responsibilities or roles in the organization (LEVI 2014). The
next stage is related to storming that leads to the push that is provided to the employees
in order to face the problems. The norming stage is based on the ways by which

12ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
strengths of the employees in the team are appreciated. Performing based stage is
based on the goals that have been set by the organization. The adjourning stage is the
last part of the model that is related to the ultimate achievement of the goals (Wang,
Kim and Lee 2016).
Belbin’s typology – The nine clusters of behavior had been suggested by Dr.
Meredith Belbin and they were termed as the “Team roles”. The teams need to access
the nine behaviors in order to develop their performances in an effective manner. The
nine clusters of behavior have been termed as resource investigator, teamworker, co-
ordinator, plant, monitor evaluator, specialist, shaper, implementer and complete
finisher (Warrick 2017).
Advantages and disadvantages – Advantages of team development – The
major advantage that is provided by the proper development of teams is based on
gaining the trust of the co-workers. Other major advantages that are provided by the
team development process include improvement of company morale, better
communication, uncovering the leadership qualities. The disadvantages of team
development process include the high levels of costs, unintended levels of
consequences that can be gained (Lisak and Erez 2015).
Contribution of effective team to the organizational performance
The performance that is depicted by the organizations in modern business
environment can be influenced in a huge manner by the effective teams. The teams that
are a part of different organizations can provide their contributions in a collaborative
manner in order to enhance the performance levels in an effective manner (LEVI 2014).

13ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
The team performances and their effectiveness can play a major role in the ways by
which the organizations can maintain their operations in various industries. The
effectiveness of performances of the teams are able to play a major role in proper
development of performances that are depicted by the organizations (Mokhber, bin Wan
Ismail and Vakilbashi 2015). For example, different teams in the UK retail firm will be
provided with various responsibilities based on their skills and abilities. The overall
performance of the organization is related to the contributions that are provided by the
teams on an individual basis.
Reflection on the team building experience
Team formation - The teams in my organization were formed with respect to the
skills and the abilities that they have related to the required positions.
Attitude of team members - I have been a part of different teams and projects within
my institution and provided my major contribution to the achievement of goals that have
been set by the teams. The teams that had been developed within the organization are
mainly based on the projects that were provided by the institution and the goals that
have been set as well.
Effectiveness of teams - The effectiveness of the teams has been able to
contribute to the proper achievement of the goals that had been set by them. The
results that have been obtained by the teams in my organization were favorable for in
some cases and the results were not favorable in some cases as well.

14ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
Activity 4
Application of different concepts and philosophies of Organizational Behavior
Concepts and theories of organizational behavior
Leadership styles – The styles of leaders who are a part of different
organizations are considered to be quite different from each other. The style of
leadership varies with respect to the situation within the organizations and the needs of
the employees and management of the firm as well. Autocratic leadership is a major
style of the leadership that is related to the complete levels of demand that they have
over the employees. The employees are not able to criticize the steps and the decisions
that are developed by the leaders or the management of the organizations as well
(Yang 2015). The decision making speed under this leadership style is fast and
productivity is also quite high. The Laissez-Faire leadership style is based on the
situation in which the leaders are able to trust the employees in a complete manner
related to the completion of their duties in an effective manner. The leaders in this case
concentrate on the completion of the work rather than work process of employees.
Democratic leadership style is mainly based on the encouragement that can be
provided by the leaders to the employees and the role that is played by them in the
process of decision making (Aktas, Gelfand and Hanges 2016).
Culture, politics and power – The power and politics within an organization are
considered to be an important part of the ways by which culture can be developed in an
effective manner. The organizational culture has a major impact on the work process of
the employees and the profitability that is gained by them as well. The proper

15ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
management of power is able to play a major role in the ways by which politics can be
reduced within the organizations and positive culture can be maintained as well. The
power games that are a part of the organizations can have a major influence on the
proper development of organizational culture Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015).
Change management – The process of change management in the organization
is based on the transformation that takes place from the old policies towards the new
processes. The proper management of change is considered to be a major factor that
can help in proper maintenance of the organizational operations for a long period of
time. The process of change management can face major levels of obstacles from the
employees and the external environment with respect to the transformation that can
take place (Costanza et al. 2016). The process of organizational change management
is able to influence the present and future operations of the organizations that have
been developed in the environment. The modern business environment is able to play a
major role in the ways by which an organization can maintain its position in the industry
for a long period of time (Ashikali and Groeneveld 2015).
Organizational structure and design – The management structure of an
organization is able to influence the decisions that have been made by the
organizations. The design that is implemented in the organization is considered to be an
important factor related to the decision making process that is implemented within the
organizations. The different types of organizational structure that can be used by the
firms in the modern business environment include line organizational structure, staff or
functional organizational structure, staff organizational structure. The structure that is
implemented by the organization is mainly based on the demands and needs of the

16ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
situation and the objectives that have been set by the firm as well (Ardichvili, Nattoch
Dag and Manderscheid 2016).
Impact of organizational structure theories and concepts of employee behavior
and performance
The organizational structure based concepts and theories have a major impact
on the operations of the firms and the behavior that is depicted by the employees as
well. The employees can behave in different ways within the organizations that are
based on different structures. For example, an organization that has implemented a
hierarchical organizational structure will not be able to provide major opportunities to the
employees so that they are able to provide their contributions in an effective manner (BY
and BURNES 2013).
On the other hand, the organizations that are based on a flat organizational
structure can provide the employee with a chance so that they can provide their
opinions and also take part in the decision making process. The time that is taken for
taking the decisions based on different aspects of the organization are less in case of
the flat organizational structure. On the other hand, in case of the hierarchical
organizational structure the time that is taken for decision making process is high. The
employees in this case are not an important part of the process of decision making that
is implemented by the firms (ARCHER and CAMERON 2013).

17ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
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