Organizational Behaviour: Effects of Culture, Politics, and Power on Behaviour and Motivational Techniques for Goal Achievement

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
P1- Evaluation of effect of organisation's culture, politics and power on behaviour and
performance of individual and team behaviour..........................................................................3
P2 – Evaluation of content and process theories of motivational techniques which effect the
achievement of goals in an organization.....................................................................................6
P3- What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................................9
P4- Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and given
business situation......................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organization is a group of people working together for a particular goal or objective. It is
a process of putting together things in a formal way. Organisation is an entity such as
association, a company and an institution which have one or more individual and have a
particular objective or goal (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). This is a study of human
behaviour for setting of organisation, interface within organisation and human behaviour, and
organisation itself . This study will be on Marks & Spencers which is British multinational
groceries and general merchandise retailer founded in the year 1884 by Michael Marks and
Thomas Spencer in Leeds. M&S have 959 stores in UK, this includes 615 store which sell food
product. This report discusses the effects of organization's politics, culture and power on
behaviour of human. Further, this discuss motivation theory, and what makes this effective team
different from ineffective team. The concept and theories which leaders uses within Marks and
Spencers.
MAIN BODY
P1- Evaluation of effect of organisation's culture, politics and power on behaviour and
performance of individual and team behaviour.
Organizational culture
It is the manner in which employees have to behave in an organization. Organizational
culture is the consists of various practices, values and beliefs which leads the employees in a
single direction. Organization culture is an important aspect when attracting individuals, as
individuals would love to work in a positive healthy environment. It helps the team members and
the employees to work in a single direction to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
Organizational culture helps in developing confidence, trust and teamwork within in
organization. A healthy organizational environment allows team members to work in a team,
which develops trust among them and they tend to be motivated to work with efficiency. The
different cultures which are used in a company are-
 Power culture- In this type of culture the power is in the hands of few individuals, and
they are the only one who have the power to take decisions. The lines of command are
very clear and the decision makers are the most important people in these type of

organization. The power holders delegate their responsibilities to other employees and
they have to follow the instruction's of their superiors. In this culture employees are not
asked about their thoughts and ideas, they just have to follow their superiors. Leaders or
managers in this type of culture sometimes can create negative impact on employees.
 Task culture- In this type of culture the focus is on the specified projects and tasks. The
teams are established to complete the tasks or achieve targets (Calderon, Manuela Jr and
Briones, 2021). In this type of culture the individuals having same set of skills and
educational qualifications come together with a common goal or target to become a team.
In this culture every team member is treated equally and every member have to contribute
their thoughts and resources in accomplishing tasks.
 Person culture- In this type of culture some employees feel that their individual growth
is more important than the organizational or team growth. The individuals in such type of
culture tend to work for their own needs and do the job because of money. In this type of
organization the employees do not have a sense of belongingness towards the
organization. In this type of culture there is no collective identity of the employees as
they like to work individually rather than in a team.
 Role culture- In this type of culture the employees are given roles and responsibilities
according to their skills and qualifications. This culture is likely to produce positive
environment in the organization and also increases the productivity. If the employees are
assigned the roles according to their interests, then will complete their tasks with high
motivation and productivity. The employees are accountable for their responsibilities and
are accountable. In this type of culture employees have a clear understanding of their
roles and responsibilities.
Marks and Spencers is having a diversified workforce, and is using role culture in the
organization. Role culture is usually followed in big organizations to increase productivity. At
M&S the main aim is to make customers happy by providing them with the best quality products
at low costs (Caputo and Ayoko, 2021). Through role culture the contact between the employees
and the higher authorities have evolved which is helping with better customer knowledge. The
roles are delegated to the employees at Marks and Spencer, so it makes it easy for them to have a
clear understanding of their working. The employees at M&S come from all over the world and