Organizational Change and Development

Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 1
Organizational Change and Development
Student Name
1/31/2020

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 2
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................5
Problems and Opportunities........................................................................................................................5
Interventions................................................................................................................................................7
Issue and Barriers........................................................................................................................................8
Ethical Issues...............................................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................11
References.................................................................................................................................................12

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nokia Corporation, a Finland multinational company founded in 1865. It is the world’s largest
manufacturer of mobile phones in the late 19th and 20th centuries. It is divided into groups are
mobile phones, enterprise solutions, multimedia and networks. The below parts will describe a
detail version of challenges and opportunities that can occur in implementing the organizational
changes. Further, the change management theory is used here are Lewis’s Change Management
Model and Nudge Theory. Both the change management will help to overcome the challenges
and grasp of opportunities. The former one will aid in a change of old structure and technology
by adopting a new one. Whereas, later one will do small changes such as thoughts of employees,
members and managers, way of thinking, their behavior towards the external environment. The
biggest change to do is Innovation in mobile phones and the problem is how to do it. In the
above information, there are steps to address the challenges and issues raised while
implementing organizational challenges and doing development.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 4
Introduction
Nokia Corporation, a Finland multinational company founded in 1865. It is the world’s largest
manufacturer of mobile phones in the late 19th and 20th centuries. It is divided into groups are
mobile phones, enterprise solutions, multimedia and networks. First, it was a manufacturer of
pulp and paper after that Nokia Company was founded. It has created its own power plants. The
company was growing rapidly. But after the competitor’s increased and new technologies came
into the market the sale of Nokia phones begins to diminish (Ciesielska, 2018). Each thing needs
change after a period of time. But the Nokia was not ready to adopt the changes. There is a lot of
challenges in the external environment that need to be overcome. To adapt to the organizational
changes the problems occurring were that Nokia Company has not enough employees to meet
the latest technology requirements, higher competition, customers have no faith, need high
financial support etc. Nokia is not ready to adopt the changes and wants to survive with its old
technologies and structure. The mindset of Nokia for not adapting changes is the biggest
problem. There are some strategies that need to be applied for their future growth and long time
survival. There is a number of problems that need to be approached properly so the results can be
positive. Two models are suggested for the best adaption of technology and methods. In doing
changes some ethical issues can be raised therefore, proper attention is to be provided (Vuori and
Huy, 2016).
The below parts will describe a detail version of challenges and opportunities that can occur in
implementing the organizational changes.
Problems and Opportunities
Nokia after a decade has faced a lot of challenges and difficulties. Even there is a question raised
for its survival. Therefore, to answer the question the changes need to be done and strategy needs
to be adapted. The change strategy has big opportunities with some problems. The foremost
important issue is how to attract customers again and build their faith. Another is how to give
competition to the latest growing mobile phone companies. Because the competitors are doing
their best and applying top strategies and models for their growth. To deal with the problems is

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not so easy and requires huge attention. The opportunity is to become once again a leading one.
The Nokia to grow and survive will need change management models:
 Lewis’s Change Management Model
 Nudge Theory.
These model suits best in the situation and will definitely add a lot in better change. First the
Lewis’s Change Model, it has three stages in the process of change are Unfreeze – Change –
Refreeze. The stages mean to melt the present structure then implement changes in that and again
make it freeze with new changes. The changes in it include attitudes, skills of employees,
climate, interpersonal style and change in system and process. This is the best model can be
adopted because Nokia needs to change its old structure with a new one. It means that to
unfreeze the old structure, staff, and strategies and make changes in it and thereafter again freeze
it (Cummings, Bridgman and Brown, 2016).
Another is Nudge Theory it gives a force or pushes someone in the right direction. It attracts the
attention of people by doing small changes or activities. Here the push means to induce someone
to do his best. In this there are fewer restrictions and employees are free to express their views.
To come again in the market Nokia needs to changes but a big change cannot be possible
therefore, small steps and small moves towards the changes will be better (Ebert and Freibichler,
2017).
Both the change management will help to overcome the challenges and grasp of opportunities.
The former one will aid in a change of old structure and technology by adopting a new one.
Whereas, later one will do small changes such as thoughts of employees, members and
managers, way of thinking, their behavior towards the external environment. The problems are
lack of knowledge in employees, customer expectations, heavy cost, and lack of proper planning
and failure to adapt the environmental changes (Uhl and Gollenia, 2016). These can be solved
but with due care and proper planning. Nokia has still the opportunity to compete in the market
and come to the priority list. But need professionals and expertise to guide the whole company.
The biggest change required is to hire an experienced and skilled professional who knows about
the latest trends and customer preferences. These are the problems which will come in front
while doing a change. The strategy of change is very clear definite (Shafiq et al., 2018).

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 6
Interventions
It includes all the activities and programs planned in an organization to bring changes. The
changes can be anything such as structure, design, culture, system or human resources. The
changes which will be implementing must require proper check and feedback from employees,
advisors, boards and another consultant. The main motive of change is to bring back the Nokia
image and its market. Organization development interventions have many techniques and
strategies to implement and solve problems (Hayes, 2018). The techniques are:
 Taking feedback from employees and customers;
 Monitoring the work;
 The clarity in Objectives;
 A good Leadership;
 Direct Instruction.
The techniques will aid in solving the problems and will give an exact position of Company. The
regular check will diminish the chance of mistakes and enhance productivity. A good leader will
guide the best of his knowledge and will motivate employees to work hard. The support of
employees in bringing change is a significant requirement of Nokia Company. Different
formation and styles will encourage employees to achieve targets faster. The change in structure
and technologies will attract more customers to buy the products. One of the important
interventions to be carried is to make their mobile phones very effective at affordable prices so
that customers do not feel any problem in buying it. New intervention in the company will bring
new opportunities to come in the market. New managerial skill personnel will give new ideas to
operate and conduct business activities (Reynolds et al., 2018).
By adopting a new business model a new hope will rise. The model includes new interventions
and will apply in the formation. In Lewis’s model, the old structure will be changed with the new
one with new plans and targets. A proper department to manage the interventions will be made.
With the newly formed strategies problems will tend to be solved and opportunities to be met.
Also, with the help of the Nudge theory, a different and new pattern of thinking will be created.
Employees will focus on the right direction and try to study the behavior of customers and the
market. The framework of the theory is to put push employees to do more. Planning to satisfy

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 7
customer’s requirements and standing on their expectations is a big move towards their growth
(Karanika-Murray et al., 2018).
Issue and Barriers
It refers to a hurdle in conducting any operation or activity. The major issue is high competition.
Other companies will never allow Nokia to capture the market again. There occur a lot of issues
and barriers in the implementation of interventions and due to this the changes are not
implementing such as:
 Lack of communication- in implementing interventions there will be new staff and that’s
why the communication gap will occur. With the communication gap in employees, no
work can be done in an efficient manner.
 Inadequate resources- to catch the recent environment requirements there is a need for the
latest resources which is not easy to allocate and creates a hurdle in developing.
 Not enough financial support- the interventions reflect a big budget and at present Nokia
does not have any huge financial support or investors. Also, they do not have that much
of earnings so they can fulfill the requirements of the intervention.
 Incapable employees- the old staff is not as per the recent requirements and hiring new
staff takes time. The staff is not competent and skilled as per the latest knowledge (Al Ali
et al., 2019).
 Resist changing- most of the departments or top-level authorities are not ready to adopt
the changes. They are not satisfied with the latest changes or interventions made.
 Insufficient technology- to survive or compete in the market the Nokia is not enough
technology. There is a high requirement to update the technology.
 A large number of competitors – in recent times there is a number of mobile phone
manufacturing companies which have captured a good market share. For example Apple,
Samsung, OnePlus, Oppo, Vivo and many other companies running in the market at a
large level (Vertullo et al., 2017).
All the above-mentioned issues and barriers are raised while implementing the interventions. The
change in the company is not easy and has to face difficulties. Many of the departments are not

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ready to accept the interventions and creating barriers in a new formation. It lacks the company
in the market. To address and overcome the barriers there are some steps:
 First, the company needs to do is create awareness and inform employees about their new
targets and strategies. Also, need to create a new and friendly environment so there will
be no chance of communication gap. A friendly environment will support and introduce
togetherness in employees. An employee starts cooperating with each other and will give
each other a good company.
 The hiring of new professionals who are highly qualified and experienced will give a new
direction to the company. They will guide the present staff as per recent demands. And
the new environment will aid employees to work harder (Ciesielska, 2018).
 The higher authorities can hold meetings and lectures to give information on how to
apply changes. And to adapt the changes some training sessions should be conducted.
Through this employees feel motivated and confident towards their work.
 To meet the financial crisis the company need to build their contacts more and start
exploring financial support. The company is required to pitch investors to invest in their
plan. But here the plan should be effective and attractive only then pitching works. The
company can promote its strategies and plans through media, distributing templates to the
public or being active on social media.
 To compete in the market first the company needs to study its competitor’s techniques,
patterns and loopholes. The loopholes of other companies will be an advantage for Nokia
Company to enter into the market easily (Mwakisaghu, 2019).
Ethical Issues
These refer to those issues which create a conflict with morality or natural justice. Any activity
or decision of the company if violates morality principles then it is called ethical issues (Ferrell,
2016). The main ethical issues which are formed while implementing interventions are given
under:
Lack of trust in customers;
Not maintained the CSR limit;

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 9
Fail to bring changes;
Violation of the IMA Guidelines;
Mislead consumers (Davies, 2016).
The above issues are a hurdle in implementing the changes. The changes if implemented can
create these issues. Therefore, first, the issues need to be fixed only then the changes can be
implemented. To fix these issues there are some steps given under:
 The changes need to be done in interventions that can create issues. Proper formalities
should be covered and fulfilled. All the rules and regulations have taken under and
confirm that none of them will break.
 The indispensable fact of every company is to build trust. Therefore, the company should
develop trust with its employees as well as customers. Make employees happy and
satisfied. The company must fulfill its promises within the time mention. It will build
faith and trust in all.
 The company should organize events and sessions so they can ensure the public about
their morality. They should focus on social events and be active in social work. Also, try
to give priority to social issues so the public can have faith in the Company. To initiate
social customs and value creates a good image in the mind of the general public. To
follow the business Code of Conduct is a significant tool to set an image (Porlezza and
Splendore, 2016).
 The main and foremost important for every business is its customers. The changes which
will lead to fraud or mislead any customers should be removed. Because never ever
mislead your customers is the rule of Nokia Company. In the past year, Nokia stands for
one of the most ethical companies and that’s why as an external change agent it is not
preferable from my side to do any change that leads to damage that image. It is my duty
to check all the things and formations that are going in the right direction or not
(Greenwood and Freeman, 2018).

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Conclusion
The above report shows that Nokia was one of the leading companies in the early nineteen’s and
twenty’s. From its commencing years, it has been leading on top. The demand and trust of
customers on Nokia mobile phones were very high. Everyone wanted to go with Nokia mobile
phones only. However, the quality of the phones was amazing. After some years new companies
came into the market with different technologies and products. The customers were attracted to
their products and started replacing Nokia with other brands. But Nokia does not adopt the
changes and not introduced Smartphones. At this stage, the sale of Nokia phones starts
diminishing. Therefore, Nokia did a partnership with Microsoft. At present, there are a bunch of
mobile phone companies that are leading to their products. The emerging trends force the
company to adapt changes and update their mobile phones with the latest technology. The
company adopted two models named as Lewin’s Change Management Model and Nudge
Theory. Both are suitable as per the conditions of Nokia Corporations. The model will introduce
a new environment and frame a friendly structure. It will induce employees to work hard and
aids in developing morale, attitude, personality and communication. The theory will teach how to
behave and what should be the way to look at organizational issues or challenges. There is a
number of problems and opportunities which will come while implementing changes. The
biggest change to do is Innovation in mobile phones and the problem is how to do it. In the
above information, there are steps to address the challenges and issues raised while
implementing organizational challenges and doing development.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT 11
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Karanika-Murray, M., Gkiontsi, D. and Baguley, T., 2018. Engaging leaders at two hierarchical
levels in organizational health interventions. International Journal of Workplace Health
Management 25(18), p.95.

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