Organisational Theory and Practice: Evaluating Organizational Structure and Culture of TESCO

This report evaluates the organizational structure and culture of TESCO, including hierarchical, functional, and flat structures, and Charles Handy's model of culture. It also discusses the impact of these approaches on management, employee motivation, and performance, using Maslow's motivation theory, leadership styles, and teamwork. The report concludes with recommendations for improving the performance of the organization.

Organization theory
and practices

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
Evaluate organizational structure and culture of selected company......................................3
How do they impact the way the company is being managed?..............................................5
Are the employees of the firm motivated adequately to achieve the organizational goals....6
Evaluate whether the organization is performing well or not because of the approaches that
they are undertaking. Use appropriate examples and theories to justify your stance.............7
If you are a senior manager in this organization what changes would yo make to improve the
performance of organization. Justify your recommendation..................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organization theory is defined as a group of concepts and principles which facilitates
framework for the systematic study of structure, performance and functioning of organization. It
also refers to the study of individuals and groups working with in organization and it also shows
that in which way organization structure is develop. Due to the effective use of organization
theory company is able to maintain positive relationship with consumers for long time. The
chosen company is TESCO and the headquarter of this company is located in UK. The company
was established in 1919 by Jack Cohen (Amis, Mair and Munir, 2020). The report will covers
evaluate the organizational structure and culture of chosen firm, how they impact the way the
company is being managed, are the employees of the company motivated adequately to achieve
the organizational goals. It also covers evaluate whether the company is performing well or not
because of the approaches that they are undertaking. Use appropriate examples and theory to
justify your stance. The company TESCO is dealing with wide range of products which includes
furniture, home appliances, grocery items, and others. This organization is the third largest
retailer in the world in sense of generating revenue and it has shops in five countries across
Europe and is the market leader of groceries in the UK
TASK
Evaluate organizational structure and culture of selected company
Organizational structure
Organizational structure is defined as that in which way functions such as supervision,
coordination and task allocation is directed towards the achievement of organizational aims.
Organizational structure also effects the various actions of company and facilitates the
foundation on which standard operating process and routine rest. Organizational structure
consists of various types which is described below –
 Hierarchical organization structure – In earlier the chart of pyramid shaped
organization is called as hierarchical organizational chart. It is the most common type of
organizational structure which is used by TESCO organizations. Here the chain of
command goes from top (e.g., the CEO or manager) down (e.g., entry-level and low-level
employees), and each employee has a supervisor.

 Functional organizational structure – It is same as the hierarchical organization
structure. Here a functional organizational structure started with high post and also with
highest responsibilities at the top and goes down from there. Primarily, though,
employees are recognized according to their effective skills and their corresponding
function in the company. According to this structure in TESCO every department will do
their work independently. .
 Flat organizational structure – The other name of flat organizational structure is
horizontal organizational structure and this structure fits the firm with few levels between
lower and upper level employees. During the time of start up many type of organization
used horizontal organization structure for doing the work with help of various
departments. But some organizations maintain this structure since it encourages less
supervision and more involvement from all employees.
Organizational culture
An organizational culture is basically referring to positive behaviour or positive work
culture which is maintained by higher authorities in the workplace area (Christensen, 2018). Due
to keeping good behaviour with other employees, the overall productivity and performance of
firm is highly increased within short duration. The organization consist of shared values and
belief which is established by the leaders then communicated and reinforce through different
types of methods.
Charles handy model of culture is basically a model which is used by the organization for
sustaining their vision, mission and objectives in long term. With help of this culture company is
also able to motivate their employees at maximum level which leads to enhance the positive
output of company for long time. With help of this model organization encourage their
employees in various ways which in explained below –
 Power – There are various types of organization where powers are remained in the hands
of few peoples who comes in the category of category of upper level management. Only
those are able to enjoy the special privileges at the workplace. These type of people plays
the crucial role in the workplace area in the aspect of increasing the motivational level of
employees and also for taking always right decisions in business activities. In such a
culture the subordinates have no option but to strictly follow their superior’s instructions.

 Task culture – In this culture teams are developed by higher authorities for gaining the
targets and also for solving critical problems in time. Due to forming various teams the
all over performance and productivity of firm is increased effectively. In such
organizations individuals with common interests and specializations come together to
form a team. Basically there are four to five members in every team. In this type of
culture each individual contribute their effort contribute equally for finishing the task in
time.
 Role culture – In this culture every employee is delegated for their job responsibilities
and roles according to his interest, educational qualification and specialization. In this
type of culture employees made a decision regarding what they can do willingly accept
the challenge. Each employee is accountable for any type of work and also ready to take
ownership of the task assigned to them (Cogin, Sanders and Williamson, 2018). Power
comes with responsibility in such a work culture.
 Person culture - There are certain organizations where the employees feel that they are
more important than their organization. Such organizations follow a culture known as
person culture. In a person culture, individuals are more concerned about their own self
rather than the organization. The organization in such a culture takes a back seat and
eventually suffers. Employees just come to the office for the sake of money and never get
attached to it.
How do they impact the way the company is being managed?
From the above evaluation of above information it is concluded that effective
infrastructure is highly essential for company. In context to TESCO out of these organizational
structures, management must follow the hierarchical organizational structure. Because in this
structure obligations, positions and roles and responsibilities of the employees are divided in
systematic manner. In this way There are certain organizations where the employees feel that
they are more important than their organization. Such organizations follow a culture known as
person culture. In a person culture, individuals are more concerned about their own self rather
than the organization. The organization in such a culture takes a back seat and eventually suffers.
Employees just come to the office for the sake of money and never get attached to it. They are
seldom loyal towards the management and never decide in favour of the organization. One
should always remember that organization comes first and everything else later.the goodwill of

the organization is easily sustained in market for long time. With help of this organizational
structure firm is able to providing best quality product to customers in time. Due to using this
structure employees of organization is able to maintain the multiple works in time. The other
impact in aspect of managing the company by employees is that work is done step by step in all
departs. Due to this the illegal activities are highly reduced from the hands of employees.
Because for accomplishing any type of task approval is highly required by the higher authority in
written format. Therefore, in this structure company managed their whole activities and
employees in legal manner.
After analysing the above data it is concluded that role culture is suggested to TESCO
which is highly important and effective for sustaining the motivation level of employees in
effective manner. Due to the use of effective role culture company is able increase the
participation of employees effectively (Fatah, 2019). Due to the effective use of role culture roles
and responsibilities are highly cleared to employees in their minds. Due to this the profit margin
and performance of company is highly increased within short duration. The main aim of using
role culture by management is to provide positive work atmosphere to each and every employee
within workplace area. Because due to facilitating positive work environment employees easily
accomplish their job role and responsibilities in time. In this way the multiple works of each
department is effectively managed in time. Due to managing work systematically from
employees services and products of this firm are easily delivered to customers in time. In respect
to roll culture here also communication between employ and employer in long term
Are the employees of the firm motivated adequately to achieve the organizational goals
Due to the effective use of both hierarchical organization structure and role culture
employees are easily motivated at higher rate in various aspects. Firstly, due to using these
strategies workload and stress are effectively decreased from the minds of the employee's. Due to
this employees easily fulfil their job roles and responsibilities with keen interest and passion. It
leads to enhance the performance of company ate higher rate. Secondly, due to the effective use
of this role culture and organizational structure positive relationship is effectively sustained
between employer and employee or employee and customer for long time. Thirdly, due to doing
work systematically within organization the critical problems in business activities and of
employees is solved in time. When the problems of the employees are solved in time then
definitely the respect between the employees are easily sustained in long term. Fourthly,

employees do their job roles and responsibilities according to the above mentioned structure then
employees easily understand that in which way work is done professionally. Due to providing
advanced training to the employees by the management TESCO, their work efficiency is highly
increased within short duration.
Evaluate whether the organization is performing well or not because of the approaches that they
are undertaking. Use appropriate examples and theories to justify your stance
Here Organization used various approaches which is described below -
Various approaches -
It is concerned with those approaches which is important for increasing the motivation and
confidence level of employee's. Due to using these approaches manager of TESCO is able to
sustain their mission, vision and objectives in long term. The approaches which is considered by
organization in aspect of managing their employees and also for increasing the effectiveness in
their operational activities are Motivation approach, Leadership and teamwork.
Motivation approach – It is basically a approach which is used by the organization for
enhancing the productivity and performance level of their employees at higher rate (Kouhizadeh
and Sarkis, 2018). This theory which comes under this approach is Mashlow's motivation
theory and this theory also assist to fulfilling the requirements of the employees of TESCO. In
this theory basically five stages are involved for identifying and fulfilling the requirements of
workers within low time. Those stages are described below -
 Psychological needs – It is defined as those needs which comes under the category basic
requirements and it includes food, water, air cloths etc. This needs are fulfilled only when
organization facilitates financial benefits to their employees. In context to TESCO,
management must facilitate effective financial support to their employees which leads to
increase their performance level at large scale.
 Safety needs – It is concerned with those needs which is important for increasing the
security of the employees physically and mentally in workplace area. Due to it is
necessary for the management of TESCO that they must provide highly safe and strong
infrastructure to their employees during the time of manufacturing product. In this way
employees are able to do their work freely and in effective manner.
 Social needs – It is considered with those factors which is highly responsible for
decreasing the performance level of employees emotionally. It includes depression,

family friendship etc. In context to TESCO, management must maintain friendly
atmosphere with their employees. Because due to keeping friendly atmosphere,
employees fulfil their job roles and responsibilities with full confidence.
 Self esteem – It is basically concerned with the self-respect, moral and the dignity of
employees. That means dignity plays the major role in the life of each and every
employee in aspect of sustaining their productivity, self satisfaction level, high
confidence for long time. In context to TESCO management must always provide value
and respect for their work (Kröll and Nüesch, 2019). In this way In this way the positive
relationship is easily sustained between employee and employer or employee and
customer for long time.
 Self actualization – It refer to realising their own strength and weakness in aspect of
both employee and organization. In context to TESCO, management must facilitate
advanced training to their employees in the form of providing challenging task. Because
due to analysing the challenging task the potentiality and knowledge of workers are
highly developed. In this way there are ready to handle any type of complicated situations
easily.
Leadership – Leadership is defined as those action or approach which is used by the manager
within organization for running the business activities in smooth manner. With help of leadership
organization is able to guide their employees in right direction regarding their job roles and
responsibilities. With help of effective leadership organization employees easily realize value of
their work and organization. Here various leadership styles is applied by the organization which
includes autocratic, bureaucratic, affiliative etc. But out of these only autocratic style is highly
effective because in this style all powers are comes in the hand of individual person. Leadership
also assist the organization for supervising all over performance of their workers on regular
basis. Due to regular monitoring on the work of employee's their work efficiency is effectively
increased for long time.
Teamwork – It is defined as the one department or the group and in this group number of
individuals are involved in the form of team for doing the task systematically within low time.
Due to conducting team assessment by higher authorities with in organization the confidence and
skill level of the employees are easily increased at higher rate. In this approach Tuckman model
is applied by TESCO for enhancing the effectiveness in group. In this model basically five

stages are involved which includes Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and
Adjourning. Due to this the functions of the organization are run in systematic manner. The
other advantage which is effectively developed during the time of conducting task is that good
communication is sustained between all levels of department. It is highly beneficial and
important for sharing the different types of data to others in time.
From the analysis of above information it is concluded that the overall services and
activities of the organization is worked in effective manner. Because the structure of the TESCO
is developed systematically and in effective way (Kyenzi, Kinyili and Nzioki, 2020). The other
for saying that the activities of the organization in effective manner is that management always
maintained positive work culture in their workplace. Due to this the coordination or
communication between all levels of employees are effectively sustained in long term.
If you are a senior manager in this organization what changes would yo make to improve the
performance of organization. Justify your recommendation
From the above data it is concluded as a manager first duty is to keep effective
communication with subordinates and the higher authority. Because with help of effective
communication activities in business are run in smooth manner. With help of effective
communication reliable and accurate informations are easily delivered to consumers in time. In
this way the connectivity between employee and customer are strongly developed for long
duration. Secondly, regularly monitoring the performance and work of lower level employees.
Because due to monitoring the work of employees on regular basis manager easily identified the
strength and weakness in their job. Then according to that organisation is able to provide
advanced training to them which leads to enhance the overall productivity of firm. Thirdly,
establishment of effective infrastructure, With help of effective infrastructure employees are able
to do their work with safety and free mind. In this way employees easily facilitate full
contribution for producing best quality product according to company standard. The other
advantage for using effective infrastructure is that strong supply chain management is formed.
With help of effective supply chain organisation is able to maintain balance in the demand and
supply of product effectively.

CONCLUSION
After the analysis of above data it is concluded that all above mentioned elements such as
horizontal organizational structure, motivational approach and theories plays crucial role for
enhancing the organization productivity. Due to the effective use of these elements positive
relationship are effectively sustained between customer and company or employee and employer
for long time. The topics which is covered in this report are Evaluate organizational structure and
culture of selected company, How do they impact the way the company is being managed. It also
covers are the employees of the firm motivated adequately to achieve the organizational
goals,Evaluate whether the organization is performing well or not because of the approaches that
they are undertaking. Use appropriate examples and theories to justify your stance If you are a
senior manager in this organization what changes would yo make to improve the performance of
organization. Justify your recommendation. Due to the use of effective organizational structure
organization is able to expand their services at international level. In this way the reach of their
product and services are highly increased to all customer segments.

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