Role of Technology in Success

The assignment discusses the role of technology in the success of Tesco, City College, and Enterprise. It highlights how technology has been instrumental in enhancing services, accelerating growth and opportunities for these organizations. The impact of technology on employee behavior is also explored, with it being crucial in facilitating communication, improving job performance, and increasing learning resources. The importance of technology in organization development is emphasized, with its role in producing new products and services, training employees, and driving business success.

ORGANIZATIONS AND BEHAVIOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................3
a) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles and consider how each style would
impact on both the organizations (2.1)........................................................................................3
b) Explaining the way in which organizational theory is linked to the style of management which
is most likely to be practiced in both the organizations (2.2).....................................................4
c) Explaining the management approaches and leadership theories that both the organizations
have adopted and evaluating the selection of approaches (2.3)..................................................4
d) Discussing the impact that different leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff
at City College and Enterprise (3.1)............................................................................................5
e) Comparing the application of different motivational theories that both the organizations have
adopted and also discussing its impact on the workforce (3.2)...................................................5
f) The way in which management could apply these theories into practices and explaining the
benefits also (3.3)........................................................................................................................6
g) Explaining the nature of groups and group behavior within workforce of City College and
Enterprise (4.1)............................................................................................................................6
h) Identifying the factors that could make a team effective and also those factors that may be
likely to threaten the success and effectiveness of a team (4.2)..................................................7
i) Explaining the role of technology in the success of Tesco and evaluating the impact of
technology on the performance of City College and Enterprise (4.3)........................................8
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is the study which helps in comprehending the behavior and attitude
of employees in the diverse situations. This is also termed as the concept where employees ascertain
the need of leadership and motivational styles for the management of work processes (Sims, 2002).
Thus, in such context, the present study has been emphasizing on City College which is a private
college in North West London and which is now a part of City group plc. Some of the research
aspects are based on Enterprise Rent- A – Car which is a car hire company and is also the largest
purchaser of cars in the world. The researcher has stated different organizational structural and
cultural aspects along with their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the research study has
also discussed different leadership styles and its impact on both the concerned organizations.
TASK 1
(COVERED IN PPT)
TASK 2
a) Comparing the effectiveness of different leadership styles and considering the way in which each
style would impact on both the organizations (2.1)
Leadership is an art through which leader develops the number of followers by working with
them in different processes. The categories of leadership are discussed in the below section: Autocratic leadership: In such type of leadership, the leader never consults others in
decision making process. He is responsible for the decisions taken by him and the
subordinates have to follow him without asking anything. The style is suitable for large
business organizations since that assists them to manage disciplinary acts in adequate
manner (Men and Stacks, 2013). It has been observed that Enterprise Rent A Car uses
different leadership styles so that employees can bring optimum outcomes. Leaders are also
managers and leaders of subsequent entity lead a regional group which also includes front
line managers. Selection of appropriate leadership style assists the management to facilitate
proper level of communication. Democratic leadership: Democratic leadership style facilitates the leader to allow
employees work freely in the organization and that also assists in managing the work
adequately. It has been observed that City College has been following such style where
leader allows all the employees to participate in the decision making process. However, the
final decision has been taken by the group members not alone by the leader.
 Laissez faire: In such type of leadership, leader delegates duties to the followers and the
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entire authority are delegated (Melewar, 2006). Such type of leadership is followed in small
business enterprises.
From the entire discussion, the value of all the styles is evident. The description clarifies that
leadership is about creating discretion for a business and inspiring employees to make the right
decisions.
b) Explaining the way in which organizational theory is linked to the style of management which is
most likely to be practiced in both the organizations (2.2)
There are different sorts of organizational theories defined that underpins the practices of
management in both the cited organizations and that further assists the business in acquiring long
term goals and objectives. A few theories are mentioned here:
 Socio technical approach: The subsequent theory is also known as modern approach where
the major emphasis is given towards team bonding by considering different aspects of
organizational structure and culture. This is required so as to attain the goals of organization.
Firms that operate business on larger scale usually adopt such theory for adequate
management of business and so the same is followed in Enterprise (Mathur and Gupta,
2012). This aids the firm to conduct all the practices in a feasible manner.
 Classical theory: Classical theory emphasizes on those elements that assists City College to
augment the productivity level. The main purpose behind the adoption of such theory is to
develop team building aspects as through that the existing level of coordination can also be
enhanced.
 Neo classical approach: Furthermore, Neo-classical theory assists the manager to
emphasize on individual work and that also focuses on building social relations (Mahmood
and Matayong, 2013). This develops appropriate communication between employees and as
a result, they can share information with each other in a feasible manner. The theory
believes that productivity is the only factor which helps firms to produce better outcomes.
c) Explaining the management approaches and leadership theories that both the organizations have
adopted and evaluating the selection of approaches (2.3) System approach: Organizations that executes such approach chiefly gives utmost
importance to the team building aspect and along with that, it also focuses on developing
effective relationships within all the employees. This is the reason for which Enterprise has
been considering the approach and that also aids the business entity to undertake proper
decisions in all the areas. Though, it has many advantages; still it affects the encouragement
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level of employees because they are not allowed to present their advices directly in
supervision meetings (Love, 2010).
 Human Relation approach: From the case analysis, it has been observed that City College
is emphasizing on human relation approach where the main focus has been paid on
developing better human relations. This is the core reason that the organization's structure is
systematic (Homas, 2013).
d) Discussing the impact that different leadership styles are likely to have on the behavior of staff at
City College and Enterprise (3.1)
City College has been using democratic leadership style where all the employees are
allowed to share their views and advices in decision making process. This increases the
motivational level of employees and they also consider themselves a part of the business entity.
There are many departments in the City College where work in segregated in an adequate manner;
thus, it directly assists the leader to achieve all the goals effectually (Holton, 2001). At the same
time, employees also give direct support to the leaders while they allocate duties and
responsibilities in feasible manner.
Contrary to this, Enterprise has been following autocratic leadership style where in the
followers get appropriate direction from the leaders in all the dimensions. It has been seen from the
case scenario that adoption of management style influences the leaders to communicate
appropriately with the employees and in terms of results, this enables the business entity to build
direct communication with the employees (Freedman, 2011). The behavior of employees sometimes
changes due to autocratic style but on the contrary, they get suitable directions to perform the work
in a successful manner.
e) Comparing the application of different motivational theories that both the organizations have
adopted and also discussing its impact on the workforce (3.2)
Motivation is the aspect that assists employees to produce better outcomes and this also
works in retaining the employees for longer span. In terms of impact of motivation on behavior of
employees, it can be said that motivation is the other mode of encouragement that assists the
employees to improve the level of performance respectively. Both the cited organizations have been
delivering monetary and non monetary motivational benefits to the workforce (Booth, 2004).
Enterprise has been using Theory X and Theory for motivation and the approach enables the
firm to have ownership of many activities. On other extent, the firm is also emphasized towards
Maslow’s theory of motivation where in Enterprise emphasizes on satiating customers so that
business can grow. The firm also rewards hard to the employees for managing motivation aspects.
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The employees who achieve success get the best opportunity for promotion and the manager also
appraises the employees in front of the entire staff. In addition to this, staffs that perform well or
make biggest improvements are recognized through the Enterprise newsletter which further
reinforces self esteem (Allio, 2013). City College also uses Maslow’s theory where in manager
provides all the desired benefits to the employees so that they can manage satisfaction at each level.
f) The way in which management could apply these theories into practices and explaining the
benefits also (3.3)
Enterprise has been acquiring greater benefits from the executed motivational theory as this
assists the management to improve the level of productivity. The employees are able to contribute
more in goal achievement aspect and alongside, staff members are also accomplishing the ratio of
customer satisfaction (Men and Stacks, 2013). Alton Mayo's theory of motivation can also be
adopted at Enterprise where in the management should encourage the employees that money is not
the only source that accelerates the motivational level; however non monetary benefits (appraisal,
recognition and opportunities) also works for the same purpose.
On the contrary, City College is suggested to apply Maslow’s theory to motivation so that
employee satisfaction level can be encouraged. At the same time, this could assist the managers to
identify the things that motivate employees the most (Sims, 2002). The theory states that when
employees are empowered to make decisions, this increases their sense of worth and self esteem.
g) Explaining the nature of groups and group behavior within workforce of City College and
Enterprise (4.1)
Group is an association of people that works together for a common goal and purpose;
however, difference of opinion sometimes leads to confusion among employees. The main aim of
developing team work is to maintain the coordination level so as to manage the work processes
effectively. Apart from this, there are various reasons for which both the entities form team and
groups. Interpersonal communication can be facilitated through group members and thus, it can
help in maintaining the free flow of information (Factors affecting Employee Behaviour, 2013).
Thus, this depicts the concept of group behavior.
In Enterprise, groups are formed for the purpose of serving better amenities to the customers
and along with that, it also plays direct role in training the existing staff members to produce better
results. This also enables everybody within organization to have direct contact with senior
managers. Group behavior leads to success when there is the existence of mutual relationships
among the entire workforce. On the contrary, groups are developed so that better decisions can be
taken. It has been observed that the main aim of forming groups at City College is to enhance the
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efficiency of employees so that they can manage all sorts of work processes (Booth, 2004). College
acquires benefits from group activities as through this, they make proper division of work and
management accomplishes all the objectives to attain the results. However, sometimes groups also
affect the value of work processes when employees have the difference between each other. This
might lead to conflict and grievances; but contrary, group activities helps both the cited
organizations to facilitate team engagement.
h) Identifying the factors that could make a team effective and also those factors that may be likely
to threaten the success and effectiveness of a team (4.2)
There are range of factors which are identified at both the organizations that affects the
success aspects of team; however on the other hand, several positive factors are also determined that
helps in enhancing the effectiveness of a team. Team work can be facilitated appropriately in City
College because all the departments in college are interrelated to each other (Duggan, 2011).
Employees have been working as a team and this is the major aspect that could further assist the
organization to build adequate level of teamwork. All the employees are required to emphasize on
proper engagement so as to enhance the value of formulated teams. Here is the list of factors that
makes a team effective at City College:
 Fewer departments
 Better teamwork
 Appropriate management of work processes
 Dedicated workforce (Skinner, 2013)
 Prominent level of employee engagement
However, apart from these factors, there are several other forces that impacts the team work
in City College which is discussed here in the below section:
 Lack of responsibilities among the team members
 Difference in opinion
 Possibilities of conflicts and grievances
 Confusion in department processes (Holton, 2001)
 Employee relations
From the discussion, the forces that affect and help in team building are defined; however
the same discussion has been done for Enterprise also so as to comprehend those aspects that aids in
building team building aspects.
 At Enterprise, the chief aspect that assists in building team management is prominent
involvement of team members in all the work processes (Duggan, 2011). Managers and
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leaders of the firm invite all the employees in decision making process so that they can
improve the overall practices.
 Another factor is that the main motive of all employees is same and all emphasizes on better
customer services. They focus chiefly on making those decisions that improve customer
service.
 Leaders and managers both are supportive enough to assist the employees in all practices
and this specific aspect aids in accelerating appropriate degree of teamwork.
Factors that impede the value of teamwork:
 Inadequate response to change management (Mathur and Gupta, 2012)
 Lack of problem solving ability
 Hierarchical structure sometimes resists employees to raise the opinions
i) Explaining the role of technology in the success of Tesco and evaluating the impact of technology
on the performance of City College and Enterprise (4.3)
Tesco has been using technological equipment so that better services can be delivered to the
customers. At the same time, use of technical facets helps the retail business entity to accelerate the
opportunities of growth and success. The business has also started serving online amenities to the
customers which is also another result of technological development. Technology seems to be
highly crucial for the business as that generates more opportunities for growth and success (The
impact of technology in business, 2012).
Apart from this, as per the present case, City College is also affected from the technological
aspect because that assists the employees to perform their job roles in a prominent manner. This
also ensures that students are getting adequate resources for increasing the level of learning which is
possible through technological development only (Booth, 2004). There are many departments that
work together in college and they need to communicate the things appropriately; hence for such
purpose, College is widely using technological facets.
On the contrary, business practices of Enterprise are also influenced from technology as this
helps the business to get quality products from other suppliers. Use of technology also assists the
business entity to train the employees so that they can serve better services to the customers
(Skinner, 2013). The use of technology has been increasing in Enterprise which also aids the
business to produce new products and services for overall organizational development. Thus, from
the overall discussion, it can be stated that technology is vital for all the business entities because it
significantly plays a role in enhancing the organization's performance.
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CONCLUSION
Behavior as well as attitude of employees gets affected from many factors and amongst
them, some are stated in the subsequent study. A few organizational theories and management styles
are discussed which are interconnected to each other. Lastly, researcher has described the nature of
groups and group behavior in the workforce of City College and Enterprise. Technology plays a
crucial role in accelerating the success aspects and the concept is being described in the below
section.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Allio, J. R., 2013. Leaders and leadership – many theories, but what advice is reliable?. Journal of
Strategy & Leadership. 41(1). pp.4 – 14.
Booth, J. 2004. Human Resource Management and Organization Behaviour: Selected Perspectives.
Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 25(1). pp.109 – 110.
Freedman, J., 2011. Being a Leader: Organizing and Inspiring a Group. The Rosen Publishing
Group.
Holton, A. J., 2001. Building trust and collaboration in a virtual team. Team Performance
Management, 7(3/4). pp.36 – 47.
Homas, T., 2013. The Concise Adair on Leadership. London:Thorogood.
Love, E., 2010. Generation next: recruiting minority students to librarianship. Journal of Reference
Services Review. 38(3). pp.482 – 492.
Mahmood, K. A and Matayong, S., 2013. The review of approaches to knowledge management
system studies. Journal of Knowledge Management. 17(3). pp.472 – 490.
Mathur, K. S. and Gupta, K. S., 2012. Outside Factors Influencing Behaviour of Employees in
Organizations. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 2(1). pp. 48-
50.
Melewar, T. C., 2006. Seven dimension of corporate identity: a categorization from practitioners'
perspective. European Journal of Marketing. 40(7/8). pp. 846-69.
Men, R. L. and Stacks, W. D., 2013. The impact of leadership style and employee empowerment on
perceived organizational reputation. Journal of Communication Management. 17(2). pp.171 –
192.
Sims, R. R., 2002. Managing organizational behavior. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Online
Duggan, T., 2011. Change strategies and leadership theories. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/115828.aspx>. [Accessed on 27th
August 2015].
Factors affecting Employee Behaviour, 2013. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.managementstudyguide.com/factors-affecting-employee-behaviour.htm>.
[Accessed on 28th August 2015].
Skinner, F. B., 2013. Approaches to understanding leadership: Trait, behavioral, contingency, and
full range models. [Online]. Available through: <
https://www.boundless.com/management/leadership/defining-leadership/approaches-to-
understanding-leadership-trait-behavioral-contingency-and-full-range-models/>. [Accessed
on 27th August 2015].
The impact of technology in business. 2012. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.wealthcreator.com.au/business/the-impact-of-technology-in-business>.
[Accessed on 28th August 2015].
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