Osmoregulation: Management of Water and Solute Composition in Animals

Key concepts
Animal’s nitrogenous wastes usually reflect on its phylogeny and
habitat
The diverse excretory systems are variations to the tubular theme
The Nephrons and the associated blood vessels which are functional
units to the mammalian kidney (Bentley, 2013).
The ability of the mammalian kidney to conserving water is key
terrestrial adaptation
The diverse adaptations to the vertebrate kidney has been able to
evolve in numerous environmentsKey concepts
Animal’s nitrogenous wastes usually reflect on its phylogeny and
habitat
The diverse excretory systems are variations to the tubular theme
The Nephrons and the associated blood vessels which are functional
units to the mammalian kidney (Bentley, 2013).
The ability of the mammalian kidney to conserving water is key
terrestrial adaptation
The diverse adaptations to the vertebrate kidney has been able to
evolve in numerous environmentsComponents of
Osmoregulation
Semi-permeable cell
membrane
Solvents
Solutes
Solutions
Components of
Osmoregulation
Semi-permeable cell
membrane
Solvents
Solutes
SolutionsOsmoregulation
Management of the content of water in the
body as well as solute composition
Control the movements of solutes between
the internal fluids and the external
environment (Bentley, 2013).
It involves osmosis
Osmoregulation
Management of the content of water in the
body as well as solute composition
Control the movements of solutes between
the internal fluids and the external
environment (Bentley, 2013).
It involves osmosisExample of regulator
osmoregulation
Example of regulator
osmoregulation
There is a balance
of the uptake and loss
of water and solutes
(Bentley, 2013).
There is a
controlled movement
of the solutes which is
between internal
fluids as well as
environmentOsmoconformers
These are the marine animals’ isoomotic with the environment
Osmoregulator
Freshwater, marine, as well as terrestrial animals which are able
to adjust internal osmolarity (Bradley, 2009).
Osmoconformers
These are the marine animals’ isoomotic with the environment
Osmoregulator
Freshwater, marine, as well as terrestrial animals which are able
to adjust internal osmolarity (Bradley, 2009).Impacts of Osmoregulation
It impacts internal PH, metabolite
concentration, waste management
It influences composition to the internal body
fluid such as hemolymph and interstitial fluid
It maintains on the cytoplasmic composition
in the cells (Bradley, 2009).
Impacts of Osmoregulation
It impacts internal PH, metabolite
concentration, waste management
It influences composition to the internal body
fluid such as hemolymph and interstitial fluid
It maintains on the cytoplasmic composition
in the cells (Bradley, 2009).Simplified body plan
Simplified body planBody fluids and the compartments’
Body fluids and the compartments’Transportation Epithelium
This is the layers of the cells in which are able to regulate on the
solute movement (Chiras, 2005).
They control on the movement of various solutes in controlled
amounts in a given direction
Epithelial cells are usually joined by junctions that are tight which
form an impermeable barrier which is between the internal cells and the
environment.
Transportation Epithelium
This is the layers of the cells in which are able to regulate on the
solute movement (Chiras, 2005).
They control on the movement of various solutes in controlled
amounts in a given direction
Epithelial cells are usually joined by junctions that are tight which
form an impermeable barrier which is between the internal cells and the
environment.The Apical membrane: it encounters the lumen of
the body cavity (Chiras, 2005).
Basolateral membrane: It faces the interstitial fluid
Basement membrane: it anchors on the basolateral
membrane as well as support on the epithelial layer
The Apical membrane: it encounters the lumen of
the body cavity (Chiras, 2005).
Basolateral membrane: It faces the interstitial fluid
Basement membrane: it anchors on the basolateral
membrane as well as support on the epithelial layer
Importance of Osmoregulation
It helps to maintain pressure in and out of the cells
It helps in maintaining on the water levels and this is what
would determine on the pressure (Chiras, 2005).
This is achieved in a slightly counter intuitive manner the
cell do not expel excess water, rather they would bring more
salts or sugar and this would raise on the osmolality in the
cell.
Importance of Osmoregulation
It helps to maintain pressure in and out of the cells
It helps in maintaining on the water levels and this is what
would determine on the pressure (Chiras, 2005).
This is achieved in a slightly counter intuitive manner the
cell do not expel excess water, rather they would bring more
salts or sugar and this would raise on the osmolality in the
cell.