Osteoarthritis (OA) | Report

Running head = OSTEOARTHRITIS 0
Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis 1
1. Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered as one of the frequently observed out of various kinds
of arthritis, disturbing the life of billions of people throughout the world. The perpetual sickness
of arthritis is described by the erosion of the cartilage over a while, cartilage is the protective
covering over the bones at the joint that works as a protective layer (Glyn-Jones, et al., 2015).
Erosion of cartilage results in deformation of bones and rubbing of bones at the joints resulting in
pain and inflammation at the joints, therefore OA is been called “wear and tear” diseases. OA
affects mostly the joints in the knees, hands, fingers, feet, and spine along with that it could
moderately affect the shoulder and hip joints (Litwic, Edwards, Dennison, & Cooper, 2013).
The primary factors associated with OA are diversified such as progression in age,
stoutness, lack of physical activity, genetics, basic bone density and thickness, any sort of injury
and gender (Øiestad, Juhl, Eitzen, & Thorlund, 2015). On average it has been assessed that
ten percent to fifteen percent of all adults aged more than sixty have some form of OA, in which
it was predominantly higher among females than males. Osteoarthritis related pain is the most
widely known and recognized as the cause of arthritis-related pain joint in Australia. An
expected 2.2 million people which is approximately 9.3 % of the Australian population are
suffering from OA “ (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019)”. Osteoarthritis
has been associated with over half (62%) of every single joint condition in 2017–18. The Present
report will briefly discuss the pathophysiological progression of the diseases, the various
symptoms that work as an indicator for the disease along with the available treatment involved
for the diseases.

Osteoarthritis 2
2. Aetiology & pathogenesis
2.1 Impact on public health
In spite of the fact that osteoarthritis influences individuals everything being equal, the
pervasiveness increments pointedly from the age of 45 years. One out of every five Australians
that comes about twenty one percent beyond forty five years old have OA. It is generally normal
in grown-ups matured 75 and over, with a little more than 33 % of individuals right now
encountering the condition “ (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019)”. OA has
a multifactorial etiology and can be essential (with no conspicuous reason) or auxiliary (because
of injury, infiltrative infection or connective tissue illnesses).
2.2 Risk factor associated
Hazard factors for attributed to the initiation of OA incorporate weight, increasing age,
gender, and difficult work occupations (Apold, Meyer, Nordsletten, Furnes, Baste, &
Flugsrud, 2014). Osteoarthritis results from the lack of the functioning of chondrocytes to keep
up homeostasis between cartilage and extracellular network parts. The initiation of OA has not
been associated with a single trigger response, such as injury causing slight increment in
enzymatic action may initiate the development of "wear" particles, which could be then
inundated by inhabitant macrophages.
Risk factor associated with OA Pathophysiology
Excessive utilization of certain Joints The utilization of certain joints results in stress
on those joints (Bombelli, 2012).

Osteoarthritis 3
Obesity Obesity has been associated with the risk of
OA in knees (Berenbaum, Eymard, &
Houard, 2013).
Bad posture Reports have been published regarding the bad
posture and lack of physical training, resulted
in impediment of bone movement, which
further progress in OA (Musumeci, Aiello,
Szychlinska, Di Rosa, Castrogiovanni, &
Mobasheri, 2015).