Outlet Plenum in Automotive Technology: A Study on Achieving Even Flow Distribution and Improved Volumetric Efficiency

Outlet 1
OUTLET PLENUM
Student’s Name
Institution
City
Date

Outlet 2
Abstract
The technology in automotive that has been done in this research considers the outlet plenum
that is one of the components of engines that facilitate the transportation of the exhaust from the
engine’s cylinders. The use of the outlet plenum would be the ability of the component to lead to
even exhaustion distribution from the cylinder ports of the engine. The equal distribution is
critical in the optimization of the volumetric efficiency and the engine’s delivery quality in
performance. In that, the major problem would be noticed in identification of the research’s
thesis as follows; achieving equal flow distribution to all the cylinders, selecting the most
accurate modelling of the turbulence that would allow better analysis of the manifold when using
the Computed Fluid Dynamics. Also, problems may come up in the process of achieving flow
rate that is maximum going into the nozzles. This research was doe to try developing an equal
pressure maintenance in the plenum. Another problem can be found in the higher back
propagation of the pressure in the column as the air gets into the intake port when the intake
valve closes. Achieving even flow distribution and improving the volumetric efficiency made
this research concentrate on the cylinder runner, restrictor, final intake analysis of the manifold
and plenum. Therefore, this research would develop improved solutions that add the parts of the
engines that affect the performance into a manifold presented as meshed manifold. The
turbulence model chosen for the study were taken from information available of the v6 7800cc
engine. This engine uses diesel and its model is produced for equal study representation.
Keywords: Cylinder runner, Computational Fluid Dynamics, outlet plenum

Outlet 3
Introduction
This research has its study on the automotive technology comprising of outlet plenum which
helps in transporting the exhaust from the cylinders in engines. A manifold can be defined from
the English word, manigfeald having a relation with folding together of many outputs and inputs.
This technique is used unless the engine has a direct injection of the mixture. The importance of
even spread of the mixture in the engine’s cylinder is for an improved volumetric efficiency and
performance of the engine. The 2 major technologies that are desirable were discovered to have
control over the volumetric efficiency with its increase. Another important technology is the
variation in the technology in valve timing for control of the exhaust as well as the intake valves.
The variation of technology in valve timing has the complex and higher production cost. Hence,
the researches that have been done are restricted to ways that can improve the outlet plenum in
automotive industry.
All in all, the space for developing the outlet plenum could be enhanced further. The technology
that involves air intake has been undergoing numerous improvements as well as the reiterations
with the substantial development over the years. The development in this field involved
controlling the dimension and shape of the manifold in the engine to produce more power
outputs due to improved fuel consumption and volumetric efficiency.
Literature Review
(Abbott & Basco, 2010)made a design that used a gaseous-fuel manifold whose engines were made
of internal combusting engines. The number of cycles that could be performed by this engine
was a two-stroke that lacked inlet valves making it important in controlling the gas fuel that gets
in the pre-compression chamber. The invention of this type of manifold was to facilitate the

Outlet 4
development of volumetric efficiency. Hence, this invention was fast in demand from the set
suction stroke from the piston of the engine making the gas fuel volume in the manifold not to
cause an unexpected pressure as well as the velocity in the carburetor.
(Amano & Sundén, 2011)has a designed research that recognizes the pulsating flow in the manifold
inflow with various advantages that come in play as the flow pulsates. Another r observation was
that there was a dynamic as well as static effects in the manner that the fluid would flow. The
distinction between the pressure effects and dynamic effects that were present came due to the
difference in velocity. In this research, the design resulted into mechanism control in the
automated modification that was pulsating while it flowed thereby improving the operation of
the engine. The flow that returned was having general effects in reducing the pulsation and it
facilitated the flow due to control tube manifold. This research improved the volumetric
efficiency.
(Anderson, et al., 2016)this source provided a design with an improved method in outlet plenum
allowing the exhaust to be expelled from the combustion chamber in a developed volumetric
efficiency. The research had the objective of availing comparable offering of short passages that
diverge without the passages being obstructed leading to interference in flow. The mixture had to
smoothly reach the cylinders. This technology used free breathing action. Another objective in
this research was the development of manifolds that were able to produce a ratio of air/fuel using
the carburation that maintains like features throughout the intake in the manifold. Other studies
in this design were done on the ability to facilitate communication that is branched in all the
manifold units. On the other hand, the type of communication in this research had enough
limitation on all the branches that intake the fuel-air mixture from the various means of
carburation. It was needed to be having enough space to begin greater increase in the branching

Outlet 5
fuel mixture. Another branch from the same section would lead to restriction of backflow of the
mixture in the carburetor.
(Blazek, 2005)has produced a source that talks about the design of an inimitable type of outlet
plenum for an internal combustion engine. The major goal in this design was to develop an outlet
plenum that would produce greater efficiency in it operation in the internal combustion engines.
Another reason for the conduction of this research was to invent an outlet plenum that would
have an indication feature enabling equipping of the internal combustion engines. Such an
equipment would lead to complete filling of the cylinders with the fuel mixture during the intake
stroke. The research also adds in providing outlet plenum with an indication character that is
more adapted in preventing losses in exhaust expulsion. This feature is possible as there is
reduction in the atmospheric pressure in the manifold restricting to minute values. The outcome
of the study was lack of reason for complete fuel evaporation from the engine with internal
combustion until the instance where the compression stroke stops for facilitation of partly
evaporation of the fuel mixture as it exits the manifold. Two air-inlets were set up. The
efficiency of the engine was able to improve reducing the losses that sprout from pumping due to
restriction from the atmosphere. Such fuel mixture was able to increase the engine’s performance
since the low temperatures were maintained allowing the mixture to exit the manifold. In
addition, there was a dependence in the engine’s temperature from the stroke of the intake to the
instance where the stroke in compression ends thereby leading to complete evaporation of the
fuel.
(Chen, 2011)came up with a design that developed the outlet plenum in the manner that it
enhanced the volumetric efficiency of the engine that was designed in the big range of the
engine’s load and speed. It was then discovered that there was an efficiency in the intake of the

Outlet 6
engine and in the engine’s combustion. The mentioned characteristics are able to be performed at
speeds that are medium or low to pave way for an improved auxiliary intake provided that makes
use of communication with the chamber of combustion with relatively smaller effective area.
The research made a breakthrough concerning auxiliary intake in that there would be a greater
velocity and turbulence during the time of ignition as well as the chamber of combustion. In this
situation, the flame propagation would have improved together with the running engine. The
devices led to an improved efficiency in the load leading to a minimized system pulsation during
intake. The auxiliary passage intake was situated in a manner that made a high degree in swirl
generation. The swirls that were generated existed in the auxiliary passage intake. An increase in
the auxiliary intake could be attained when the main inlet pathway was set in an offset position
that is respective to the associated axis in the cylinder. A combination of the auxiliary inlet usage
would make an advantageous invention that availed the volume of air to be distributed and
delivered into these intake passages. Using such volume chamber or plenum initiated an intake
flow charge that goes through the intake passage with the possibility of being stabilized
regardless of eliminated pulsation and speed or a reduction in substantiality. The research was
repeated and revealed that there was an improvement in outlet plenum than the previously done
experiment. Therefore, this research might be summarized to have the newly discovered outlet
plenum that was greater comparing it with the previous researches.
(Date, 2005)had a research done to produce two ways that were influencing the increase of
volumetric efficiency. The research was to provide two solutions that were having varying
geometry in the outlet plenum. The study used the scenarios that were available at the time with
the use of manifold designed in various types and varying length of the intake in the internal
combustion engine. Such a study would result into varying geometry of the inlet that paves way