Operational Management and Project Development

This assignment provides a detailed report on operational management, which is essential for an organization's day-to-day operations. The report includes a continuous improvement plan to enhance quality processes and takes advantage of different forms of leadership. It also applies numerous theories and principles to boost organizational effectiveness and profitability. The document covers various topics such as operation management, project development, testing, and maintenance, providing a structured approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling projects.

Operation and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Review and critique on implementation of operations management principles within an
organisational context.............................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations management
principles within organisational structure of XYZ Company ...............................................7
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P3 Apply PLC to a given project for producing necessary supporting documentation for
completion of project............................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................16
P4 Review on effectiveness of PLC in application to the chosen project by applying
appropriate theories, models,concept...................................................................................16
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is a systematic process that deals with day-to-day business
activities of an organisation that include manufacturing, accounting, quality management,
inventory control and demand forecasting (Binder, 2016). Operations include on-going and
repetitive organisational functions whereas, project are mainly defined as temporary task that is
initiated by a company for a special purpose in order to meet a specific business need as to fulfil
market and consumer demand. In simple terms, operation management is an effective execution
and formal planning so to execute routine work on the other hand project management includes
planning and carrying out of non routine work. Present case study has been conducted on, XYZ
Company company that engage in the process of manufacturing, marketing and selling of home
appliances such as fridge and freezers, gas and electric cookers, washing machines and electric
fans. In recent scenario, company is looking forward to enter into large screen television market
by producing 58 inches set. Along with this, XYZ Company production will cover selling of this
new product stadium screen to parks and stadium. In regard to this, discussions has been made
on, implementation of operational management principle in XYZ Company along with
continuous improvement plan. In addition with this, Stages and effectiveness of PLC are
included in this report.
TASK 1
P1 Review and critique on implementation of operations management principles within an
organisational context.
Operations management is a quite vast subject which focus on forming plans and policies
that help in completion of projects within a specified time frame (Galloway and Azhashemi,
2012). It is a process that focusses on supervising business activities that help in completion of
projects and achieving profitability as well. Furthermore, it has also been observed that main aim
of using this process is to manufacture high quality goods and services by concerting raw
materials into finished goods and services as well. Project management on the other hand refers
to a process which deals with application of various methods, processes , skills and expertise so
as to effectively achieve objectives of a business as well. There are a number of principles based
on project management that ensure effective functionality of business. In context with present

organisation i.e. XYZ Company, it deals in electronic market and offer a variety of products like
washing machine, juicer and more. But in order to gain high competitive advantage, it is going to
enter into television market by launching TV with 58 inches and highly new features like remote
sensing, dolby vision HDR, 4k ultra HD and more. Therefore, for this purpose of new product
development, its operational managers need to follow given principles:-
Principles of Operation management: There are a number of principles that should be followed
by a business concern so as to maintain effectiveness. Hence in context of XYZ Company
strategies followed by its managers have been mentioned as under:
Principles of Reality:
As per this principle, operational and project managers should always focus on the basic
issue and not divert their attention by finding techniques by which the issue has been arisen. This
is due to a basic reason that no tools and techniques will be able to provide a 100% effective
solution to the issue. In context of XYZ Company it has been observed that its managers identify
needs and requirements of their customers before launching a new product or service in the
market. In present day situation, goods or products provided by them are freezers, refrigerators,
air conditioners etc.
Principle of Organisation:
As per this principle of project management all processes that are a part of production or
manufacturing are inter related . Hence in this context, managers will have to predict all essential
elements so as to achieve high amount of profits (Nicholas, 2017). In context of XYZ Company,
it has been examined that managers will have to focus on appropriate placement of parts of their
upcoming television. Both the software and hardware will need to placed interlinked to each
other to ensure effective and better functionality as well.
Principles of fundamentals:
It is an essential part of project management which states that a company can receive an
estimated of 80 percent success if managers of a business follow a strict and discipline code of
conduct in their organisational functioning. Apart from this, the left 20 percent can be achieved
only if new and innovative techniques are used for accomplishing various business projects.
Hence to be effective and efficient in their approach, managers of XYZ Company will further
have to consider both the aspects in appropriate combination so as to maintain a sustainable
market position. For this they will need to maintain effective strategies.

Principle of accountability:
This principle states that managers should undertake effective tools and techniques for
forming metrics as well as rules. In this context managers will be accountable and responsible for
providing responsibilities and work to their subordinates along with identifying if these goals and
objectives can be achieved within a specified time frame or not. Hence in relation to XYZ
Company, its managers will have to assign roles and activities to their employees and provide
rewards on their successful completion of work.
Principles of causality:
This principle is based on problems that arise in a business concern and mentions that
problems arise due to certain underlying reasons which can not be seen. Problems tend to occur
on a regular basis if they do not resolve the root cause of the problem. In this context, managers
of Hot point ensure that their employees are skilled and effective in their working skills. An
example in this context happens to be if in any case a function of television is not working in an
appropriate manner, then the manufacturing team of Hot point will have to critically examine
and check about the issue.
Principles of success:
This principle focusses on growth and success of an organisation. Hence in the present
context, success will keep changing from time to time yet needs of customers will have to be
considered on a primarily basis. In context of Hot point it has been ascertained that if managers
wish to have a strong and developed customer base then they will have to examine their
principles from time to time thereby ensuring that needs of customers are fulfilled.
Principle of Change:
This principle states that, it is important for XYZ Company managers to analyse overall
condition of organisation and implement formative techniques and methods in order to acquire
fresh solution of a problem. It is important for company to regularly keeps on updating their
technology as per current requirement in order to sustain for long period of time.
Six Sigma:
Concept of six sigma was coined by Bill Smith in the year 1980. this approach aid an
organisation to enhance their overall quality of outcome by removing any kind of defects in the
organisational manufacturing process. There are mainly two types of methodologies such as,
DMADV( define, measure, analyse, design, validate) and DMAIC ( define, measure, analyse,

improve and control) that used by organisation to create fresh products. XYZ Company is taking
advantage of Six sigma approach of DMADV in order to new product of 58 inches TV set:
Define:
XYZ Company is planning to enter in a new phase of market sector by producing 58
inches set of Television. For this they have framed effective strategies and policies according to
preferences of consumer’s.
Measure:
XYZ Company managers is required to continuously keeps on analysing additional
feature that they can add in their product and services as to secure that from being get outdated.
This factor will benefit company to measure product capabilities and risk that are involved in
launching of that product.
Analyse:
It is important for XYZ Company to frame appropriate design and have effective
substitutes in order to ensure long term sustainability in a marketplace.
Design:
It is necessary for XYZ Company managers to develop strategies in relation of designing
of a product and a service in order to fulfil their needs and expectations in a given time frame
and in effective manner.
Verify:
In this aspect XYZ Company is required to make sure that process of designing of a
product and service in as per according to actual requirement of consumers and base of
performance is set in effective way to effectively accomplish those goals.
Lean production/ manufacturing:
It is one of the most effective process that will help an organisation to reduce their level
of wastage in their manufacturing and production sector. XYZ Company managers by utilizing
certain tools and techniques can effectively imporiove their continuous development plan and
minimize their actual cost of input. Mentioned below there are some important aspects of lean
production:
Value:
XYZ Company management is require to effectively analyse situation of overall market
in order to produce products and services as per according to consumer need. Company is require

to consider important factors like, price, delivery and timely manufacturing of a product in order
to satisfy consumers.
Value Stream:
It is important for XYZ Company to evaluate actual satisfaction level of their consumer
after the product has been delivered to them in order to create value of product. It will benefit
them to ensure whether the product actually fulfilled perceptions of consumer.
Flow:
XYZ Company is taking advantage of workload levelling along with breakdown structure
is order to eliminate unnecessary flow of wastage and conduct organisational functionality in
best effective way.
Establish Pull:
It is important for an organisation to take care of their inventory ratio in order to make
effective balance in between actual usage of raw material and end product. This will benefit them
to reduce estimated amount of waste product. XYZ Company management is required to ensure
that company have framed strategies in relation to utilization of inventory by production
department as to minimize ratio of wastage and deliver cost effective end results.
Pursue Perfection:
In order to effectively accomplish objectives and goals it is important to consider overall
steps that are briefly stated above. As to attain developmental result it is important for XYZ
Company to to effectively focus on their process of improvement by taking advantage
continuous improvement and lean improvement plan.
TASK 2
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations management
principles within organisational structure of XYZ Company
Continuous Improvement Plan:
Continuous improvement plan is also known as continual improvement plan which is a
ongoing process of improvement related to products, process, services and organisation
processes through a formative process of additive and breakthrough improvements (Weglarz,
2012). XYZ Company operational manager by taking advantage of most effective tool such as,
six sigma, total quality management and lean production can effectively raise performance level

of their employees and stimulate company growth. This tools and techniques benefits an
organisation to reduce various types of variations and defects in their production process. XYZ
Company operational manager utilize continuous improvement plan in order to improve their
existing process.
Continuous Improvement Plan at XYZ Company:
XYZ Company offer wide range of services including, Gas and Electric Cookers,
washing Machines and Electric Friars an Fridges and Freezers. Company is now planning to
enter in a new market of large Screen Television by bringing a medium screen size of 58 inches
TV set. In addition with this, XYZ Company top management has decided to sold stadium
screens to parks and stadiums. For this, company is decided to integrate process of continuous
improvement in their organisational structure. Main motive by adopting this process is to
maximise current employee state by enhancing their skills and improve company overall yield by
20 % which simultaneously aid XYZ Company to save 40,000 Pounds in 10 months. In addition
with this, with the help of continuous improvement plan company is planning to improve their
vendor material management which benefits them to effectively produce their new product 58
inches TV in market and earn more profitability base in approximate amount of 192,000 Pounds
per year. Mentioned below a table has been given in context with XYZ Company:
SOURCES PRINCIPLES OUTCOMES
QUALITY Lean Manufacturing
For increasing end products
quality, managers of XYZ
Company can apply lean
manufacturing, which would
help in achieving more success
through the overall process of
manufacturing and selling their
58 inches new Television in a
marketplace.
COST Six Sigma
For achieving more
profitability and sustain for
long in market, operational

managers of XYZ Company
can frame strategies in order to
minimise cost of input. For this
purpose, they can utilize Six
Sigma principles as to conduct
their process of manufacturing
58 inches TV sets in cost
effective way while ensuring
remarkable consumer services.
DELIVERY Organisation
By developing formative
policies and strategies XYZ
Company can implement
certain tools and techniques in
the production process of their
58 inches TV set as to prevent
themselves from being get
stuck in hassle situations.
SAFETY Fundamentals
Operational managers of XYZ
Company is required to
effectively ensure that proper
record of inventory must be
formed and maintained within
organisation. This will benefit
them to effectively
acknowledge certain issues
that may arise in future and
maintain proper record of
documents and information in
secure way as to perform their
work in hassle free situations

(Turner, 2014).
Effectiveness of continuous improvement plan:
Continuous improvement plan plays a key essential role within organisational structure in order
to gain smooth and developmental growth. It is important for an organisation to consider actual
root causes of an issue and loop holes that exist in an organisation so to overcome any kind of
obstacle and hindrances through a process of development and selling of a product and a service.
Main concentration of the above mentioned development plan is on qualitative production of
products and services, its delivery and input cost. XYZ Company by adopting heterogeneous
improvement theories and other related business strategies can further improve quality of their
operations. Company hace implemented theories and techniques of lean manufacturing and six
sigma to further increase their growth. Implementation of developmental tools and techniques
benefit XYZ Company to effectively manufacture and sell their nee 58 inches Television in
market by lowering down their cost of input and actual time taken. It will help company to
satisfy needs and demands of their employees and consumer in best possible way and acquire
more rate of profitability and market share.
TASK 3
P3 Apply PLC to a given project for producing necessary supporting documentation for
completion of project.
Products do have a life cycle, just like human beings. Well establish or older products
sooner or later become less attractive, but demand for new product rapidly increases at
marketplace. The concept of product life cycle is divided into four stages: initiation, planning,
execution and closure (Swink, 2017). This concept is widely used by marketing and management
team of a company. As a result it help in deciding when to increase the advertisement of a
product, expand its market, reduces price and many more. To analyse the effectiveness of this
concept, following steps are followed which is mentioned below:
Initiation stage:

This is the first stage of product life cycle which is quite expensive for any company.
Before launching a new product at market place, different elements should be evaluated in an
effective manner by a company. These factors or elements includes opportunity, threats,
requirement and problems. At this stage, cost of promoting a new product is high along with this
cost of production is also not recovered fully. In context with XYZ Company, a new product is
introduced in market, to evaluate the feasibility of product, company need to examine applicable
data. XYZ Company's management team have acknowledged the needs and requirement of
customer's and according to this they develop new plan of action for launching their new product
in market which is 58 inch television. To met the requirements of customers company need to
apply effective solutions. Management team of XYZ Company examine the needs and
expectations of customers, develop plans to manufacture their new product which is TV of 58
inch. For the evaluation of market company needs time of 2 to 3 months. In this stage company
uses autocratic leadership style. Autocratic leaders of XYZ Company has power to take decisions
on the basis of their own ideas and they rarely take any idea or help from their staff members.
Planning stage:
When the first stage, which is initiation stage is approved, then company start analysing
their next stage. Management team of XYZ Company divide all the project or work into small
tasks and then distribute these tasks on the basis of skills of employees require at the time of
production. In the planning stage, managers and leaders of XYZ Company formulate teams and
groups and prepare schedules according to which task accomplish. On the basis of given task
different goals and objective are built and when all tasks are finalised it ensures by the managers
and leaders that goals and objectives are achieved within given time period. XYZ Company
company is planning to launch a new TV of 58 inch and for this they set their goals. Completion
of this stage requires almost 4 months. For this company opted situational leadership style. In
this leadership style, on the basis of different situations leaders and managers change their
working style for a particular time period.
Execution stage:
in the above stage, teams, strategies and planing have been created and now its time to
execute all the strategies. For the achievement of desired goals and objectives, plans has been
alter into action in this stage (Swink, 2018). It is the duty of a project manager to ensure all the
work assigned in an effective manner which is divided between the team members according to

their employees knowledge and skills. It requires almost 3 month in the completion of this stage.
Servant leadership style is chosen as a leadership style. In this type of leadership style, mindset
of a leader changes and they started serving first. With the help of this style along with personal
growth, organisation grow as well. According to this style, power is shared among every
individuals and employees need is considered first which will help them to perform well.
Closure stage:
This is the last stage in which project is at the stage of completion. This is the stage in
which each and every employee who was incorporated at the time of development of a project,
need to provide important documents to their managers. This will take almost 1 month. In
context to XYZ Company, all the team members submit important documents which is related to
TV. This is the stage when leaders and project managers view a picture of future, with the
success of project along with this they also evaluate present and future market scenario.
Company also look forward for the latest opportunities by which they can expand their services
and improve their market share.
Gantt chart:
Gantt chart is developed in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt is one of the popular and commonly
used tool in project management. It is a tool which helps in maintaining and controlling
production level. It provide a graphical representation of a schedule which helps the management
team to plan, track and coordinate tasks in a particular project (Morris, 2013). XYZ Company
company's manufacturing team use this tool to show their tasks along with its time. Each and
every activity is represented with a bar, where position and length of each bar denotes with end
and start date of a task.

Business case:
Business case is a well structured format of imitation of a particular task or a project. In
context with this, various types of points is required to be consider that is described below in
descriptive manner:
Business Case:
BASIS DESCRIPTION
Executive summary
XYZ Company company is focusing on launching a new television
with a specification of 58 inch screen at market place. On the basis
of customers requirement this feature is implemented. For this
company need to have some important information which is related
to market, techniques and tools. For increasing the efficiency of
outcome, it is necessary for XYZ Company to collect all the
relevant information.
Goal
Ultimate goal of XYZ Company is to fulfil the requirements of
customers by launching this new product. Along with this company
also want to enhance their productivity, profitability, goodwill and
customer loyalty.
Cost Benefit Analysis
Before starting manufacturing of TV, XYZ Company need to
evaluate different factors which affects the cost of product. These
factors includes hardware, raw materials, human capital and
software. 30,000 pound is the approximate cost of this project.
Through this process, respective company can expand its business
in international market only if they achieve their set goals and
objectives. For this purpose, customer satisfaction is necessary to
maintain their sustainability at marketplace.
Solution After analysing needs, wants and requirements of customers,
company can look forward to introduce their new product at market
place (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). With the help of implementing
latest tools and techniques company can accomplish their

objectives and achieve their desired results.
Execution time
In order to accomplish predefine goals of company it is important
for an organisation to frame effective strategies and policies so to
find any necessary requirements related to a project while fulfilling
actual trend of market and perception of consumers. In the present
scenario, Hotpiont is effectively planning to enter into a new
market segment of Television market. For this company is looking
forward to produce a medium size 58 inches TV. This process will
going to take estimated time period of 1 year.
Project Plan:
It is a formal set of various stages that constitute different types of factors which is
presented below:
Cost
It is one of the most important factor which is essential to consider
while initiating a work. In present case scenario, overall
accomplishment of project include approximate amount of 3000
Pounds.
Communication
For ensuring consistent as well as proper exchange of information,
respective company will use mobile technology. Through this process,
they can easily update knowledge of associated persons about how
process will be going on.
Quality
To ensure quality, respective company will implement latest
technologies like Automation, which helps in achieving highest
productivity without compromising with quality of its new product
development.
Scope
XYZ Company is planninTurner, J. R., 2014g to take their company in
a new market segment which is Television Sector. Organisation is
looking forward to set their business in more developmental areas by
brining 58 inches new TV set. Along with this Hotpiont is planning to
expand their scope by increasing their overall rate of market share.

Risk
It is necessary of XYZ Company top level management to effectively
ensure that company have implemented strong strategies and policies
in order to conduct their overall process of organisational structure in
best effective way. It will benefit XYZ Company to reduce chances of
major risk that are associated with project failure (Jacobs and Lummus,
2014).
Resources
XYZ Company management make sure that company is using
innovative and latest tools and techniques in order to offer remarkable
products and services to their costumers and acquire more share in
marketplace.
Work break down Structure:
Work Break Down Structure aid an organisation to effectively organise their team in a
sub sections of management part. In this structure, each and every work is formally divided into
small parts which is required to be done in a particular period of time frame. XYZ Company
have implemented WBS in their organisational structure in order to effectively distribute their
activities and task as to attain formative and effective outcomes. In this regard, it has been
reflected from given Gantt Chart that for completing planning stage of project management near
about 12 days are needed, while for execution stage 15 days are required and 10 days for closure
stage.
Work breakdown structure

TASK 4
P4 Review on effectiveness of PLC in application to the chosen project by applying appropriate
theories, models,concept
Mentioned below there are different types of theories and concept in order to evaluate
effectiveness of PLC relation to small and large scale projects:
Initiation Stage of Project:
In this, XYZ Company is using Autocratic leadership when company is working on a
large project. In this decisions are framed by leaders and any type of other team members
involvement hardly matters. In case of small project, present style is not opted as in this number
of team members is in less ratio (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
Planning Phrase:
In this section, XYZ Company management have opted situational leadership style in
order to take effective decisions as per according to situations. In relation with small project
company has opted this style as in this planning is not that strong and may vary according to
situations.
Execution Phrase:
In this phrase of execution, XYZ Company is taking advantage of servant leadership style
in order to improve and develop individual each and every individual performance so to improve
organisation overall development. Same with the respect of small project as there is no
requirement to invest more cost in the sector of individual development.
Closure Phrase:
XYZ Company leaders have adopted team leading style in order to evaluate future
opportunities. This concept deal in exact manner with small project as to acquire more share in
marketplace.
In order to ensure that best methods, processes and techniques are used for product,
management of XYZ Company can use Waterfall Model as an approach for PLC evaluation.
This concept includes -
 Requirement: It refers to first stage of Waterfall Model that force to identify
requirements to begin the project related to product development. Here, management of
XYZ Company can apply Six Sigma technique to analyse deliverables.

 Design: For developing flexible as well as sustainable design of overall project, XYZ
Company can apply Lean principle. This would help in increasing efficiency of
production with minimum wastage.
 Development: It describes the process for overall development where, during execution
process democratic leadership can be used. This would help in increasing productivity
and participation of entire workers and associated persons for product development. For
this purpose, Total Quality Management can be applied for quality assurance.
 Testing and Maintenance: It is the last stage of given model which reflects
methodologies for effective testing and maintenance of overall project. It includes agile
method which can be utilised for accessing the scope, quality and tenure of entire project.
CONCLUSION
As per the above included report, it has been concluded that, operation management is
one of the most important factor that aid an organisation to perform their day-to-day operations
in best effective way. This will help a company to analyse related gaps and achieve overall
success by eliminating risk factors. Present report include, continuous improvement plan that
will benefit an organisation to improve their quality of existing processes. Along with this,
organisation is taking advantage of different form of leadership and have applied numerous
theories and principles in order to raise organisational effectiveness and profitability.

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