Report on Historical Developments and Structure of Travel and Tourism

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the travel and tourism sector, beginning with an exploration of its historical developments. It traces the evolution of travel from ancient times, detailing the modes of transport, reasons for travel, and the rise and decline of key tourism segments like spas and seaside resorts. The report then shifts focus to the sector's structure, outlining the roles of various components including the public and private sectors, accommodation providers, tour operators, and travel agents. The functions of each sector are explained, and the interdependencies are highlighted to provide a clear understanding of how the industry operates. The report concludes by emphasizing the significance of business travel and technological advancements within the sector. The report includes a timeline chart illustrating key historical developments and a diagram showing the structure of the travel and tourism sector.

1.1 Explain key historical developments in the travel
and tourism sector supported by a timeline chart of
major developments over the period
Earliest forms of Tourism
The following were the reasons of travelling during the
3000BC.
•Governmental obligation such as military duty.
• Trade
•Religion purposes such as visiting the healing sites
•Leisure such as sports.

Early guides
The early travelers used the following instruments
go get the information of their destination.
•Travelogues
•Letters
• diaries
Modes of transport
•From circa 3000BC they used costal and river
vessels, donkeys and solid-wheeled wagons drawn
by oxen.

Continued
•From circa 1000BC they used horse to draw the
wagons.
•In the middle age they walked on foot, used litter,
horseback, and carriers wagon.
•Between 17th and 19th century they used sprung coach,
stagecoach, improved roads such as turnpikes and
tarmacadam and from 1832 onwards they used
charbancs.
Rise and decline of UK spas
Rise
•Discovery of “healing waters”
•Development of renaissance

Continued
•Support of aristocracy which led to higher social status of
visits.
•Spas became entertainment sites hence becoming an
essential social avenue
Decline
•Decline of markers attached to spas.
•Challenges in catering for new mass tourist arrivals.
•Rise of alternative to spas such as seawater bath
•Growth of more conservative population.
•Withdrawal of financial support

Between 18th and 19th century (Seaside resorts)
Rise
•Increase in visitors
•Discovery of bathing machines
•Establishment of steamboats
•Growth of railways
Decline of seaside resorts
•Development of cheaper resorts around Mediterranean
•Better climate in southern Europe
•Growth of fashionable resorts abroad

Tourism in 1950
•Development of cheap packages by chartering entire
aircraft and bulk purchase of hotel rooms
•Increase accommodation for the visitors
Mode of transport in 19th century
•Steam trains which made travelling faster and easier
•Steamships which provided cross-channel services.
•Development of domestic and international tour
programmes

Modes of transport in the early 20th century
•Airlines for commercial purposes
•Arrival of holiday camps which provided accommodation
and entertainment services.
•Data and web technology which provides information
online to the customers. It also encourages customer
loyalty to particular websites.
Significance of business travel
•Growth of world trade
•Increase in Per capita revenue from business travels
•Business travel led to the development of conferences,
meeting, and exhibitions that stimulated business travel.

Tourism
Early guides
Modes of transport
Reasons for travel
Governmental
obligation such as
military duty,
Trade ,Religion, leisure
such as sports.
Travelogues, letter and
diaries
river vessels, donkeys
and solid-wheeled
wagons drawn by oxen
B11=etween 18 and 19th century
19th century
establishment of steam boats, rails and bathing
machines
20th century
Steam trains, development of domestic and
international tour programmes
20th century
21st century
Airlines and rise of domestic and international
tourism
Chart for the Historical development of travel and tourism

1.2 Explain the structure of the travel and tourism
sector. Create a diagram to show the structure of
the travel and tourism sector followed by an
explanation

Functions of the various sectors in the Tourism industry
Public sector
•Public sector is maintained and financed by the
government.
•It has the following categories; the national and regional
tourist organizations, the tourist information centers
•These departments ensure that there is smooth running
of the department of tourism in terms of funding,
regulating the flow of people into UK and maintenance
of the attraction sites in UK.
•Other organizations are Department for Transport,
Department for Culture, Media & Sports, Foreign and
Commonwealth Office

Private sector
•The private sector plays a great role for the development
of tourism industry in UK.
•They are actively involved in the transport industry.
•Transport provide road, air, sea and rail travels.
•However, the national government and particularly British
Airports Authority (BAA), collaborates with the private
sector to provide transport services (de Grosbois, 2012).
• They are also engaged in the distribution of the products
used in the hotels that tourists visit.
•The car hire provider meets the travel needs for the
tourists and the leisure of the customers.

Accommodation
•It is important component in the tourism industry in UK.
•There are several accommodation services that are
offered by Bath with hotels, inns as well as the camping
sites (Kaplinsky, 2000).
•There are well-known accommodation places and they
include abbey hotel, Pickwick lodge farm as well as Limpley
stoke hotel.
Tour operators
•One of the most important roles of the tour operators is
to create a connection among the companies that provide
holiday services.