Impact of 9/11 Terrorist Attack on US and Global Tourism Industry

Introduction to Tourism
and
Man Made Disaster- 9/11 Terrorist Attack in
the USA

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
TASK 1......................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Tourism and influence of terrorism over tourism............................................................3
1.2 Terrorism in USA.............................................................................................................4
TASK 2......................................................................................................................................5
2.1 9/11 Terrorist attack.........................................................................................................5
2.2 Impact on the economic consequences............................................................................5
2.3 Immediate losses to US tourism industry’s......................................................................6
TASK 3......................................................................................................................................6
3.1 US response to economic problems and ATSSSA..........................................................6
3.2 Various plan established by US Government (6-point recovery plan)............................7
3.3 Legislation and security measures implemented after 9/11.............................................7
3.4 US Security measures in Air transportation.....................................................................7
3.5 US visa policy application restriction and tourism industry demands.............................8
TASK 4......................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Impact of 9/11 on US air travel, hotels and restaurants industry.....................................8
4.2 New York and Other US metropolises.............................................................................9
TASK 5......................................................................................................................................9
5.1 9/11 attacks implication on the Muslim countries and their tourism industries..............9
5.2 Global crises recovery and effective measures for overcoming the situation................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
From last two decade’s tourism is the rapid growing sector in the modern business
world. Due to modernization people use to travel more often. According to World Trade
Organization following were the details about this related industry:
 Annual growth rate- 4.4%
 1,184 million tourists travelled in year 2015
Tourism sector has created employment and revenues for many people. Every year the
number of travel destination are increasing. The increment in the economy growth due to this
business sector is quite significant. To some countries their total activities depends on this
sector only. One of this countries is Maldives whose GDP is based on the tourism industry.
But every industry has some pros and cons. Tourism has been the reason for many
some of the war, terrorism, political conflicts and natural disaster. There are substantial
threats to tourism due to these reasons. Such incidents affect the national tourism industry
and lead to downturn of the country. Its affects the microeconomics of the country. One of
the long term difficulties faced by the tourism industry is terrorist activities. Every country
has to face loss in there GDP due to this situation and there is no solution to these problems.
These affects the harm to human lives and decrease in economic development (Mowforth and
Munt, 2015). This leads to political and economic instability in the country, mostly in those
countries where tourism is main earning sector.
The report is based on the impact of 9/11 terrorist attack on United States and Global
tourism industry. This has affected the air travel, hotels, restaurants and conventional leisure
of the country. Reader’s will also get to know about the real impact and step taken to prevent
such activities on international level.
TASK 1
1.1 Tourism and influence of terrorism over tourism
There is great relationship between the terrorism and tourism. There are many
incidents in past which shows the negative impact of terrorism whether it’s due to political
reason or economical rights that too on global scale (Webster and Ivanov, 2014). Earlier to
9/11 on US and World Tourism there were several cases of terrorism. Some of them are:
 In 1978, Munich, Germany: Hostage taking of Israel Olympic Team (17 deaths)
 In 2004, Madrid, Spain: Multiple train Bombing leading to 151 deaths

 In 2005, London, UK: Multiple transportation bombing attacks lead to 56 deaths.
The terrorism on the world trade centre in New York in 2001 has been the most influential
milestone of terrorist in modern times. There are irreplaceable losses and the dangerously
growing attacks increasing every year. Not only to the tourism but the political, cultural,
economic and geographical areas are also affected. This attacks are mostly aimed in
developed countries and there is need of high security level to avoid such attacks and for
safeguard of people. The developed countries have only one disadvantages over developing
country that due to terrorism there is need of recovery period in economic factor.
Due to terrorism, there is political, social and economic problems. The major role is
played by media as they discussed and analysed the condition to the public. This is the
greatest challenges which modern society faces. Terrorism is becoming the global issue and
threats to many international tourists. To gain more attention local people are taken as
hostages and terrorist demands to complete their wishes. Hijacking, public bombing is the
other way by which terrorist affect the local people. This also reduces the tourism in that
country and the has great influence on tourism which can’t be estimated. Terrorism has great
impact and consequences over war, natural calamities and epidemics (Avraham, 2015). This
can be certainly predicted at the earlier and conflicts can be reduced. People avoid to travel to
the countries where terrorism and such activities are more. Areas like Afghanistan and
Pakistan are considered to have more terrorist attacks and related such activities, for such
reason visit to these countries is less. Now it can be easily said that terrorism has greatly
affected the tourism and modern world.
1.2 Terrorism in USA
USA has been under terrorist affect before 9/11. Due the political, economic stability
and world’s leading power with great leaders has been the main reason for international
terrorism. There can be various factors which increases the international terrorism such as
cultural difference, ideology, economic influences and democratic values. In the year 1986,
162 people were killed in various terrorist attacks and over 28 million tourist travelled
abroad. This has largely decreased the economic value and employability of many local
people.
Before World Trade centre, earlier also there were many attacks on USA by terrorist.
For example, bombing at World Trade Centre in 1993, the Oklahoma City
bombing in 1995 and a bomb explosion in Atlanta during the Olympic Games in 1996. To