Predicting Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Mental Health Nurses
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Added on 2021-04-24
Predicting Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Mental Health Nurses
Added on 2021-04-24
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P a g e | 1Predicting Factors of Depression andAnxiety in Mental Health Nurses: AQuantitative Cross-Sectional StudyStudent Name:Student ID:Unit Name:Unit ID:Date Due:Professor Name:1
P a g e | 2Chapter 1: Using Research and Statistics in Health Care1.Find a peer-reviewed quantitative research article and address the following:a. Full citation for the article selected.Gherardi-Donato, E. C. D. S., Cardoso, L., Teixeira, C. A. B., Pereira, S. D. S.,&Reisdorfer, E. (2015). Association between depression and work stress in nursingprofessionals with technical education level.Revistalatino-americana deenfermagem,23(4), 733-740[ CITATION Ghe15 \l 1033 ].b.What is the statement of the purpose of the study?The peer-reviewed quantitative research article analyses relationship amongstdepression with work stress in the domain of nursing profession, who possesstechnical education levels. The scholars conducted in the city of state of Sao Paulo.Approximately 310 nursing professionals were chosen in a random manner toconduct a cross-sectional study. c.Name the theoretical or conceptual model/framework used.The theoretical model or conceptual framework of cross-section study was selected.A Job Stress Scale or Working Stress Scale of model developed by Karasek wasapplied in the study.dWrite out the research questions addressed by the study.The study addressed several questions through its methods as follows;Research Question 1: What is the complexity of work level?Research Question 2: How much time is spent at the institute?Research Question 3: Are work leaves easily available?Research Question 4: What is the prevalence of chronic disease?Research Question 5: Is smoking allowed in the institute? e.List the main hypotheses that the study is testing (null & alternative)The study aims at establishing null and alternate hypothesis through its methods. Null hypothesis (H0): “Work related parameters does not impact stress levelsamongst nursing professionals”. Alternate hypothesis for the study are;H1: Complexity of work level affects levels of stressH2 :Time is spend at the institute impacts stressH 3: Work leaves availability impacts job stressH 4: Prevalence of chronic disease affects job stressH 5: Smoking permission in the institute affects stress2
P a g e | 3f.Define the dependent variable and the main independent variables.The study was conducted by means of dependent as well as independent variables.Dependent variables for the study were reporting depression. Independent variablesinclude psychological (demand), work (control) and social support. g.Briefly describe the research design.Research design adopted for the study was descriptive-exploratory approach. In thisapproach, primary aim of the scholars is to unearth dearth of information to arrive atconclusion related to the study. All necessary information related to the study is usedfor this procedure. h.Describe the study sample (e.g., size, socio-demographic characteristics) andhow it was obtained.For this scope of the study a sample of 338 participants from the hospital employeeswere selected. The sample included both male and female participants that worked atthe hospital as nursing technicians or nursing assistants. Age of the participants wasless than 40 years and they belonged to Brazil area. i.List the statistics used to test the hypothesesChi-square test was used to test the hypothesis. j.Identify the main assumptions and limitations.The assumption of this study is that nursing technicians or nursing assistants carry outhigh demand workloads with relatively less control over their work performance.This is not always true as nursing professionals are not always controlled orsupervised by professional nurses.The study suffers from certain limitations as there were transversal data collectionmethod adopted that might prevent establishing chronological and casual relationshipamongst variables. The study also faces limitations from memory and diagnosticbiases. Chapter 2: Organizing, Displaying, and Describing Data3
P a g e | 41. What is a variable?Variable is defined as a quantity whose value changes during the experiment orinvestigation[ CITATION Mac08 \l 16393 ].2. What is an independent variable?Independent variable is the direct outcomes of an experiment or manipulative valuesof an experiment.3. What is a dependent variable?Dependent variables are generated by the help of independent variables. This kind ofvariables is generally the effect of independent variables.4.Define the following measurement scales and give at least one example of a variableand how they would be measured by each:a.Nominal ScalesThis scale does not allocate any numerical value to the variable but just labels thevariable.Example: Gender, which is either male or female but cannot have any numericalvalue. Color: This can have different labeling but no numerical value.b.Ordinal ScalesThis scale signifies characteristic of the data but numerical values cannot be assignedto the variable.Example: Mood of a person, Satisfaction level: No numerical value but there is anorder which gives a sense of comparative studyc.Interval ScalesThis kind of scale is an orderly numerical scale with magnitude of change[ CITATIONWas13 \l 16393 ].Example: Range of a data set as time interval or temperature variation interval.d.Ratio ScalesRatio scale gives ordered and numerical data with a clear definition of “zero”.Inferential statistical can be applied on ratio scaled data.Example: Standard deviation of a data set.5. Complete the following sentence: It is usually best to gather data at the highest levelof measurement for research variables because this helps in application of variousstatistical tests and conclude from statistical inferences.4
P a g e | 56. An important description of a variable includes the shape and symmetry of thedistribution of its values. Describe the following:a. Positive (right -skew)b.Negative (left-skew) c.Normal distributionNormal distribution is a bell shaped symmetric curve (skewness zero) where mean,median and mode coincides. It is a unimodal distribution. The probability densityfunction of the distribution is1σ√2πe−(x−μ)22σ2. This is a continuous distribution.d.Bimodal distributionThe binomial distribution is a unimodal discrete probability distribution. Thisdistribution can be symmetric or skewed in nature. The probability mass function isf(x)=nCrpr(1−p)n−r(r=0, 1, 2, 3, 4...n) for parameters n and p. 7.Complete the following sentence: The three measures of central tendency are theMean, Median and Mode.8. Define/describe the following (include a statement about how each are calculated):a.Mode:Mode is that data in a dataset which has highest repetition. For example if data set is{2, 6, 2, 8, 9, 4} then 2 is the modeb.Median:Median is the middle most value of a cumulatively arranged dataset. There can betwo medians in absence of a single median value. The given set of data is arrange inless than or more than type sequence. The middle most value or middle most twovalues are taken as median.c.Mean5For right skewed or positive skewed distribution data is more scattered out at the right tale. Mean and Median are greater than Mode.For left skewed or negative skewed distribution data is more scattered out at the left tale. Mean and Median are lesser thanMode.
P a g e | 6Mean is the average of a data set. All the data values are multiplied with theirfrequencies and summed up. Then the sum is divided by the total number ofobservations or total frequency of the data set. 9. Discuss how you would choose the correct measure(s) of central tendency?Mean is the popular measure of central tendency for a dataset without outlier values.Median is preferred over Mean for skewed data as well. Mean becomes uselessmeasure for outlier values and skewed data as it increases the measure and it does notprovides correct information about the data. Both measures are good for close endeddata set. For open ended skewed data set Mode is the preferred measure.10.Define/describe the following:a.Measures of dispersion:Measures of central tendency do not reveal all the characteristic of the giveninformation. Mean, Median, Mode only reflects the middle most values or generalmagnitude. Measure of dispersion reveals the deficiency in uniformity of the data.Scattering of the given information is measured in dispersion.b.RangeRange is the length of the interval of the data; explicitly it gives the maximum minusminimum value of the given data set.c.Interquartile RangeInterquartile Range measures inconsistency of the data. It divides the data in fourequal portions with rank ordering. The three quarters are denoted by Q1,Q2,Q3where Q2is the median. The Interquartile range is measured asQ3−Q1.d.Standard Deviation and VarianceStandard deviation is a measure of dispersion. It measures the deviation of the datafrom the mean value. Sum of square of the differences from mean are taken and theaverage of thus obtained data is calculated. Then by square root of the obtained valuestandard deviation is obtained. The formula σ=√1n∑i=1n(xi−μ)2evaluates themeasure.6
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