PAP1 Programming, anatomy, and physiology
Case Study v1.2 (2020/102/20)
Antagonist Gluteus maximus Adductor
Synergist Deltoids Adductor
Fixator Biceps brachii AdductorDeadlift
Term Muscle/s Joint/s Action/s
Prime
mover
Gluteus maximus Leg bone joints
Antagonist No strict antagonist No specific joints
Synergist Glute and hamstrings Quad joints
Fixator All other body muscles All other jointsShoulder Press
Term Muscle/s Joint/s Action/s
Prime
mover
Supraspinatus and
anterior deltoids
Deltoid muscles
Antagonist Latimissus dorsi Lat joints
Synergist Arms (red muscles) Arm joints
Fixator Rotator cuffs Shoulder joints
2. A common responsibility of a fitness instructor is to communicate to your
clients the adaptations that the systems of the body undergo through
exercise. Imagine that you have conducted a fitness appraisal test of the
cardiovascular system. Identify one adaptation of the heart.
Low cardio exercises
3. A common responsibility of a fitness instructor is to communicate to your
clients the adaptations that the systems of the body undergo through
exercise. Imagine that you have conducted a fitness appraisal test of the
respiratory system. Identify one adaptation of the lungs.
Smoking prevention
4. Identify the two cells that are used in bone remodelling to describe the
following:
a) Secretes new bone
Osteoblasts
b) Breakdown of bone
Ostepclasts
5. Identify one predominate component of fitness in the following sports:
a) Marathons
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