A research paradigm is a conventional view of the values and beliefs of a research that guides how to provide a solution to a research problem. Learn about the major characteristics and types of research paradigms.
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Running Head:PARADIGM 1 RESEARCH PARADIGM Name of Student: Name of Institution: Author Note:
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PARADIGM 2 Research Paradigm A research paradigm is a conventional view of the values and beliefs of a research that guides how to provide a solution to a research problem(Bagele & Barbara , 2012). Research paradigms have certain common characteristics. The major characteristics of research paradigms are ontology, epistemology and methodology. The ontology of a research paradigm describes the reality of the research subject. The epistemology of a research paradigm describes the knowledge of the researcher about the subject matter. The methodology of a research paradigm describes how the researcher goes about the research subject to find out the underlying truth (s). Theoreticalmethodologyoutlinestheapproachesthattheresearchercanusetogetthe knowledge about the subject matter. Research methods are the techniques that the researcher can use to acquire the knowledge about the subject. The sources are the tools that the researcher can use to acquire data about the subject matter(Bagele & Barbara , 2012). Having outlined the meaning of a research paradigm and its major characteristics, it is important to outline the major research paradigms that control the research world. There are four types of research paradigms. The four types of research paradigms are: positivism/post-positivisms, interpretative, critical and postcolonial indigenous research paradigm. Choice of a research paradigm on the research and the subject matter. The major sections of a research that governs that the choice of a research paradigm are: theoretical frame of the research, literature review, research practice, values and systems, ethical principles, assumptions about nature and reality and knowledge(Bagele & Barbara , 2012). A positivist research paradigm is applicable in cases where the reason of conducting the research is to discover the general laws that govern nature. A positivist research paradigm is majorly
PARADIGM 3 informed by realism, idealism and critical realism. A positivistic paradigm assumes that there is one reality and knowledge about the subject matter. A positivistic paradigm assumes that science has no value and that values have no meaning except when researcher is choosing a study topic. A positivistic research is rather objective and it aims to fulfil the objectives of the research. A positivistic research paradigm is based on precise observations and measurements that can be verified. A positivistic research paradigm assumes various research methodology. The research methodology that are applicable in a positivist research paradigm are: Quasi-experimental methods,correlationalmethods,quantitativeresearchmethods,andexperimentalresearch methods. The data collection techniques in a positivistic research paradigm are: questionnaires, observations, tests and experiments(Bagele & Barbara , 2012). An interpretative paradigm is applicable in a case where the researcher wants to understand and describe human nature. An interpretative research paradigm is informed by hermeneutics and phenomenology. An interpretative research paradigm assumes multiple socially constructed realities. An interpretative paradigm assumes that values form a crucial part of social life. An interpretative paradigm also assumes that there are no wrong values of any particular group, only different. An interpretative research paradigm is subjective and idiographic in nature. According to interpretative paradigm, truth is context dependent. The methodology that is suitable for interpretative paradigm are: Naturalistic research methodology, phenomenology, qualitative research methods, ethnographic research methods and symbolic interaction research methods. The techniques for gathering data in a paradigm research include: interviews, participant observation, pictures, photographs, diaries and documents(Bagele & Barbara , 2012).
PARADIGM 4 A transformative or critical paradigm research is mainly focused on destroying the myths and empowering people to radically change the society. A critical paradigm is informed by critical theory,postcolonialdiscourses,feministtheories,race-specifictheoriesandneo-Marxist theories. The ontological assumptions in a critical research paradigm are multiple realties shaped by social, political, cultural, economic, race, ethnic, and gender and disability values. A critical research also assumes that all science begin with a value position; that some positions are wrong while other positions are right. A critical research paradigm is informed by a theory that unveils illusions. A critical research paradigm assumes a combination of quantitative and qualitative action research. The techniques of gathering data in a critical research paradigm are mainly observation by participants, pictures, diaries, photographs, documents and conducting interviews (Bagele & Barbara , 2012). Review of scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles The first article that I have considered is a research by(Woodthorpe & Kate, 2011)on critical distance and death. The article by(Woodthorpe & Kate, 2011)applied a positivistic research paradigm. The research paradigm ispositivistic because the researcher is keen on understanding nature; the critical distance and death. The methods that were in the research by(Woodthorpe & Kate, 2011)is a qualitative research. The desired outcome of the research is to investigate whether iteverpossible to achieve a scholarly ‘critical distance’ from studying a place or people associated with death. The research paradigm is appropriate. The paradigm is appropriate becausetheresearcherusedanappropriatedatacollectiontechnique;interviewsand questionnaire.
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PARADIGM 5 The second article is a research by(Abdolshah, et al., 2018)on customer and employee satisfaction. The research paradigm of this article is interpretative research paradigm. The researchers used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The desired outcome of the research is investigate whether job satisfaction increases customer satisfaction in social security insurance organizations in Iran. The paradigm is appropriate because the major aim of the researchers is to understand human nature. The last article that I have reviewed is a research by(Lan, et al., 2014)on the effects of climate change on fishing. The article applied positivistic research paradigm. The research paradigm is positivistic because the aim of the researchers is to understand the laws of nature; climate change and fishing. The researchers have used quantitative research methods. The desired impact of the research by(Lan, et al., 2014)is to outline the effects of climate variability and climate change on the fishing conditions for grey mullet in the Taiwan Strait. The paradigm isappropriate because the major aim of the researchers is to understand natural occurrences and not human effects. Furthermore, the researchers used appropriate research methods.
PARADIGM 6 References Abdolshah, Mohammad, Zadeh, Ehsan, J., Talei, Raza, . . . Seyed, A. M. (2018). Does Job Satisfaction Always Affect Customer Satisfaction?International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management, 17. Bagele , C., & Barbara , K. (2012). Selecting a research approach: Paradigm, methodology and methods. 22. Lan, Kuo-Wei, Lee, Ming-An, Zhang, Chang, I., . . . Kuo-Tien. (2014). Effects of climate variability and climate change on the fishing conditions for grey mullet.Journal of Climatic Change, 14. Woodthorpe, & Kate. (2011). Researching death: methodological reflections on the management of critical distance.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 12.