Pharmacology and Practice Scenarios

PARAMEDICAL SERVICES

Table of Contents
Pharmacology..................................................................................................................................4
Practice scenarios...........................................................................................................................11
Scenario writing.............................................................................................................................12
Basic life support...........................................................................................................................13
Posture...........................................................................................................................................17
Patient Management......................................................................................................................18
Reference list.................................................................................................................................21
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Anatomical Positions
1. The circle is located in the left-thoracic region, over the diaphragm and near the floating
ribs and the left lung. It marks the area that is closely related to respiratory abilities.
2. The circle marks the right squadron area in the abdominal region, near the liver, right
kidney. It may indicate complications arising from internal bleeding, renal or hepatic
complexities in patients.
3. The circle shows the minor pectoral area, near the heart. Markings in these regions can
indicate cardiopulmonary complications. Problems in costal cartilages can also be
indicated through this circle (Victorio et al. 2016: 28876).
4. The circle indicates a lower right pelvic region, just below the pelvic girdle and near
coccyx and sacrum. The marking can be related to problems, such as pelvic inflammatory
complications and abscesses.
5. The region marked is near left elbow. This region is connected to the stomach, sigmoid
colon, small intestine, left hepatic lobe and pancreas through superior vena cava. This can
involve lateral side and medium measurement.
6. This area is close to the right humerus bone and lung. The region marked in near the
clavicle and indicates the zone over pectoral muscles. This area encloses pectoralis minor
and subclavius through the thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein.
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Pharmacology
1. Adverse effects of Oxygen
● Chemical toxicity tracheobronchial tree capillary endothelium alveolar epithelium
● Retinal damage caused by oxygen
● Endocrine effects adrenal Gonads Thyroid due to excess presence of oxygen
● Toxic effects on cells and enzymes of the central nervous system
2. Indications for oxygen use
● In the case of reducing the oxygen level, the patient can be supported with the proper
amount of oxygen (Nunes et al. 2017:198).
● If there is any type of Peri and post-cardiac arrest, the doctor can refer to the use of
oxygen
● For the symptoms of shock and it can help to reduce the shock
● Metabolic acidosis
Administration Indication
Oxygen therapy Low blood oxygen, carbon monoxide toxicity
100% on demand 1. Shortness inbreathe
2. A headache
3. Chest pain
4. High blood pressure
5. Restlessness
Intermittent positive pressure Ventilation
(IPPV)
Use to provide large breath to patients
Table 1: Oxygen therapy
(Source: Created by the researcher)
Oxygen therapy
3. Adverse effects of Acetylsalicylic acid
● Chest pain and uncomfortability is the common effect
● Muscle cramping and weakness can happen due to this reason
● Vomiting
● The patient can breathe fast than normal percentage
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4. Contraindications of Acetylsalicylic acid
● Varicella
● Deficiency of G6PD
● Aspirin triad
● GI bleeding
5. The adult dose of Acetylsalicylic acid
● Pain /fever - 325-650 mg
● MI prevention- 81-325mg
● Coronary syndrome- 162-325mg
6. Adverse effects of Entonox
● Nausea
● Dry mouth
● Dizziness
● Tingling fingers
● Dysphoria
7. Contraindications of Entonox
The seven contraindications of Entonox are:
● Hypersensitivity
● Renal impairment
● Peptic Ulceration
● Changed mental status
● Facial trauma
● Respiratory problems
● Using of drug or intoxication
8. Adverse effects of Methoxyflurane
● Damage of kidney due to excess amount of Methoxyflurane
● Delirium
● The patient can feel drowsiness
● There is a Throwing up feeling inside the body of the patient
7. Contraindications of Methoxyflurane
● The issue in the liver and kidney functioning reduced
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● Unconsciousness can be seen
● Reduced percentage of urine due to kidney problems
● Malignant hyperthermia
● Diabetes
● Those who are suffering from a reduced or eventual decrease in lung functions
● Pregnancy in seizures
● Unstable heart condition and blood circulation
10. Methoxyflurane dosage
● Daily dose- 6 ml
● Weekly- 15 ml
● Quantity in inhaler- 3 ml
● Age restriction- 5 years and older
● Activity - 25-30 minutes
11. Precautions for Paracetamol
● As suggested by Nasrollahi et al. (2017:232), paracetamol cannot be taken after 29 weeks
of pregnancy
● Prohibited for people who are carrying liver and kidney disease
12. Paracetamol dosage
● Adult (above 12 years) - 500-1000 mg in every 4-6 hours till the symptoms last in the
patient
● Paediatric (7-12 years)- 480 mg in every 4 hours and maximum until the symptoms
removed
13. Actions of Adrenaline
A. Increase heart rate
B. Enhance blood pressure
C. Extend blood glucose level
D. Expansion of air passage in lungs
E. Redistribute blood in the muscles
14. Response time: In case there is no response after 2-3 minutes after an initial dose, another
EpiPen can be tried.
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