Implications of Parental Substance Misuse on Young Children and Best Practices in Social Work

This dissertation explores the implications of parental substance misuse on young children and identifies the best practices in social work to improve lives of the people. It includes literature review, research aim, objectives, questions, methodology, data analysis, conclusion, and recommendations.

DISSERTATION

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Overview of the topic...................................................................................................................4
Background......................................................................................................................................5
Research aim ...............................................................................................................................6
Research objectives......................................................................................................................6
Research questions ......................................................................................................................6
Outline of the methodology ........................................................................................................7
Structure of the dissertation.........................................................................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................9
To develop findings and recommendations in social work practices in relation to
understanding how child-focused practices can be addressed while working with parents with
substance misuse to identify and strengthen protective factors for welfare of young children. 10
To identify the best practices in the assessment process to consider the needs and risks
involved in parental substance misuse and how parents understand of the child care social
work model................................................................................................................................18
Identify and elaborate on systematic and ethical issues involved in parental substance misuse
to develop understanding around best practices within social work while working with both
children and parents...................................................................................................................24
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................27
........................................................................................................................................................30
........................................................................................................................................................30
........................................................................................................................................................31
DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................31
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................32
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................33
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................36

INTRODUCTION
Overview of the topic
Parent substance misuse is undertaken as the longer term misuse of drugs as well as
alcohol through a parent or carer incorporates parents and career who undertakes harmful
quantity of alcohol are much dependent upon alcohol. Moreover, there is a developing policy as
well activities into the impact of parental substances misuse both alcohol & drugs upon children.
Beside it, young in This is clear that the parental substance misuse may have an effect upon the
health & growth of young children. Individuals are often neglected into both norms discussion
and services provision (Li and et.al.,2021). In addition to this, it features into huge number of
cases open to social care of children. The effort for parenting capacity are to be undermined as
well as health & growth of young children that are to be harmed through parental substance
misuse is undertaken, specifically when other risk factors like domestic abuse as well as mental
health issues are present (Cavell, Spencer and McQuillin, 2021. Also, there is a critical risk
which parents would neglects its young children. It is so its concentrates are upon gaining
alcohol and drugs, as well as its ability is impaired through affects of substance so that they are
not become competent for paying appropriate attention towards its children’s requirements.
Furthermore, such negligence may have an adverse impact upon the health of children, its
physical and emotional growth, its education as well as put them at risk of sexual & physical
abuse (Impacts of parental substanstance on child. 2022). In case children are exposed towards
parental substance misuse as well as other factor of risk like domestic abuse as well as mental
health issues, there is a huge risk which they would also have health, mental health and substance
misuse issues (Impacts of substanstance on child. 2022). Along with this, it would not only
impact the children but also the closer relatives as well as the boarder family that incorporates
partners who does not misuse, siblings and grandparents. Children whose parents misuse alcohol
and drugs are 9 times as likely to be placed into local authority care through its 7th birthday as
those children whose parents does not misuse substances. Further, these experiences of early
childhood have pessimistic effect on health as well as wellbeing’s within adulthood that replicate
the risk factors into its own parenthood with effective impact on the public purse. So, the parent
substance misuse is a key public health and child protection aspects that have currently obtained
much policy interests. Children who live with a substance misusing parent which have a huge
3

psychological, health and societal issues risks. While families do receive an intervention, it is
mainly a referral to individually – concentrated drug and alcohol treatment for misusing of parent
substance. The aim of this dissertation is to study the implications of parental substance misuse
on young children and identifying the best practices in social work to improve lives of the
people. The topics which are going to be discussed in this report are research aim, objectives,
questions, structure of dissertation, outline of methodology an literature review. Additionally,
research methodology and also some recommendations are also provided in this dissertation.
Background
The effect of the substance misuse is faced by the whole family and the family will not be
able to nurture their kids in a proper manner (O'Hara and et.al.,2020). Growing up without the
support and guidance of the parents is not a good start for the lives of the children. It can also be
seen that it may lead to bring some negative impacts such as less connection, no attachment,
weak communication, social life, and poor management of finances (Li and et.al.,2021). The
term parent substance misuse is assumed as the term in relation to the misuse of harmful
substance that is drugs, alcohol and many others. With the help of such harmful substances, the
life and health both of the parents will be adversely affected. Besides, there are some developing
activities and policies to reduce the impact of the parental substances misuse both alcohol and
drugs on the mental health of the children. Also, besides it the young individuals feel alone and
neglected into the world or among their friends. That is why various social care centre for
children are opening for reducing the bad impact of them. This is clear that the parental
substance misuse has disastrous effect on the health, mental, growth of the young children. The
effort for parenting capacity are to be undermined as well as health and growth of young children
that are to be harmed through parental substance misuse is undertaken, specifically when other
risk factors like domestic abuse as well as mental health issues are present. Also, there is a
dangerous risk which parents would neglect in its young children (Cavell, Spencer and
McQuillin, 2021). It also concentrates on gaining alcohol and drugs, as well as its ability is
impaired through effects of substance so that they are not become competent for paying
appropriate attention towards its children’s requirements. Furthermore, such carelessness may
have a contrary impact upon the mental health of children, physical and emotional growth, its
education as well as put them at risk of sexual & physical abuse. There are preventive measures
which can be used and such practises will play an essential role in the life of child and parent
4

both since preventive measures will be helpful in dealing with the situations. Situation which the
children have to face when the parents consume too high proportion of drugs, alcohol or many
other. Being a parent their main duty is to take care of the changing wants, emotions and desires
of children. Due to which it is must to create a positive and motivating environment at the home
for their children. The Parent substance benefits in effecting the life of their child they for not
take care of their child in an effective manner and this results in decreasing the connection
between them. It is a universal fact that parents who consume more alcohol inclines to have
anger issues and less productive in their life and at work (Oltean and et.al.,2020). They are
irresponsible in relation to fulfil their duties and kids adopt wrong ways to find love care and
high support in the life. From the above, it can be understood that the child focused practices will
be significant to all individuals and parents where number of functions are done to develop their
understanding and knowledge effectively (Radey and McWey, 2021).
Research aim
The aim of this research is “to study the implications of parental substance misuse on
young children and identifying the best practices in social work to improve lives of the people”.
Research objectives
 To develop findings and recommendations in social work practices in relation to
understanding how child-focused practices can be addressed while working with parents
with substance misuse to identify and strengthen protective factors for welfare of young
children.
 To identify the best practices in the assessment process to consider the needs and risks
involved in parental substance misuse and how parents understand of the child care social
work model.
 Identify and elaborate on systematic and ethical issues involved in parental substance
misuse to develop understanding around best practices within social work while working
with both children and parents.
5

Research questions
 What are the various findings and recommendations in social work practices in relation to
understanding how child-focused practices can be addressed while working with parents
with substance misuse to identify and strengthen protective factors for welfare of young
children?
 What are the best practices in the assessment process to consider the needs and risks
involved in parental substance misuse and how parents understand of the child care social
work model?
 What are the different systematic and ethical issues involved in parental substance misuse
to develop understanding around best practices within social work while working with
both children and parents?
Outline of the methodology
In this research, secondary method will be used for collecting both qualitative and quantitative
data about the implications of parental substance misuse on young children and identifying the
best practices in social work to improve lives of the people. Inductive approach will be followed
for evaluating secondary information about the existing topic. Interpretivism philosophy will be
followed for gathering and evaluating secondary information about the topic.
6

LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is undertaken as the overview of the lastly published articles as well as
activities upon the specific topic. Additionally, this is regarded as the scholarly sources survey
that provides a particular topic overview. Moreover, this is the secondary information that is
accumulated from distinct sources which are articles, books, journals and so on. This permits
investigator for accumulating in deep understandings related to the chosen topic due to that
relevant as well as valid conclusion may be drawn. In addition to this, the key literature objective
is to evaluate the gaps of research. Literature review is important aspects which is used by
researcher to complete the study in certain period of time and manage the data properly. This is
important for each individual to analysis the environment to know what is happening around and
how people who lives in society could be affect to work continuously. Society is made of
number of people who belongs to different culture, values, customs, and others having different
demand to get satisfaction and develop business productivity. A literature review is the
comprehensive summary of previous research on specific topic that can help to introduce the
new thoughts and work properly. It has seen that nowadays people are busier in their life who
does not spend their time with family that impacted negatively as waste of their energy, creating
issues in their daily life, to dis-connectivity with their parents and other that creates the issues
while running the activities. The literature is study of new thoughts and activities which are
developed for the purpose of growing their concern and attaining higher performance. Within
previous studies, there is an explanation regarding the findings and recommendations in social
work practices in relation to understanding how child-focused practices can be addressed while
working with parents with substance misuse to identify and strengthen protective factors for
welfare of young children. Also, best practices in the assessment process to consider the needs
and risk. This literature review will help researcher to analysis the environment and lives of
people and create awareness between them that could help to developing all functions and
activities effectively.
7

To develop findings and recommendations in social work practices in relation to understanding
how child-focused practices can be addressed while working with parents with substance
misuse to identify and strengthen protective factors for welfare of young children.
As per the view of Bosk and et. al., (2021), parental misuse is defined as the long term
misuse of alcohol or drugs by a career or parents. This mainly includes parents and careers who
consume harmful effects of alcohol are mainly dependent on this thing and this effects the
overall life of their children. The parents are those people who give birth to their child and take
care of them by provide direction and managing all functions. Parent substance is the term in
which long term misuse of drugs and alcohol by a parent or carer. This involves consumption of
harmful amounts of alcohol, dependent on alcohol, using drugs regularly and depending on drugs
that affected the health of human being and create issue for their life. The use of illegal drugs or
the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs or alcohol for purposes other than those for
which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. In whole world, use or consume of
illegal drugs and use of prescription over the counter in excessive amount could create the issues
for individual life and affected the productivity. Due to using alcohol and drugs mind set of
people do not stable that created challenge for individual and their family members. The parents
should be focus on their children from the early age and should create awareness regarding
harmful impacts of parent substance. The parents need to bring improvements in their life as if
they are well educated and caring then there are less chances to put in bad habits. It is well said
by someone that family is the first school of a child where it learns speak, walk, talk, and
recognise to people. The parents should not involve in any hazardous activities otherwise it will
affect the badly to their life (Willoughby, 2019). Children are the responsibility of their parents
and they need to tackle them in an effective manner so that high they can attain high growth in
their life. Parents who generally drinks alcohol more mainly results in not meeting their business
needs in a proper way and this results in dissatisfying the children’s morale to do something
good in their career. It is understandable that there must be same child-focused practices that can
help parents to improve their lifestyle and reduce the consumption of alcohol. The substance may
lead to social, physical, emotional and job related issues due to which life of people being
affected negatively. The social issues such as children and parent do not be able to connect and
share with other people which has created the major issue while doing something. Society is the
involvement of number of people who have different needs and wants in changing environment
8

and supported to grow the business. If children and parent are using substance, then they feel
unstable their mind and might be used abusive words while talking. This also create the domestic
violence at homes and not to work well. This also creates the problem in sharing the information
with others and affect the productivity (Lloyd, 2018). The another social problems connected
with SUDs involves homelessness, housing instability, criminal behaviour, and incarceration,
unemployment, and dependence on welfare that affects the productivity. The physical effect of
parent substance is family stress, depression, developmental lags, withdrawal, and psychosocial
dysfunctions that creates the problems while running the business. Due to consuming drugs and
alcohol people starts to feel uncomfortable and depression that creates the challenge while doing
some work. This is important for each individual to analysis what their child are doing, with
whom they seats, and focus on their studies instead of getting substances. Personal and emotional
distraction is also arises in children if parents are using the parental substance that could create
the challenge for their life and affected the productivity. Parents results in misusing the
substances can have unpredictable, chaotic lifestyles and may struggle to identify and meet the
needs of their children. This results in bringing harm in the life of children and this effects their
overall lifestyle which hinders their overall growth. It is important for their parents to use
particular child focused practices in their lifestyle so that they improve their substances within
their whole life so that no misunderstanding can be created. Excessive drinking by parents
actually creates a negative impact on the life of people and this results in decreasing the morale
and motivation of their children from their own parents for a long period of time. There are
several different types of child focused practices that help in improving life of child and parent
which are defined as under:
 Recognising the needs of children – Recognising the needs and wants of children is the
most important strategy that parent needs to adopt so that they utilise their tie in good
activities. The parents are having major role to build up and ruin the life of their children.
For instance, if parents are using alcoholic and drugs then children also learns and start to
use after a age or period. Instead of using parental substance, people should be focus on
their working and child’s suspicious activities that can help to bring improvements in
their life. For this, they need to focus on identifying the needs of their child in an
effective manner so that high variability in their life for satisfying them on high level
9

(Latvala and et. al., 2022). It is the responsibility of the parents to reduce the
consumption of alcohol so that they focus more on the life of their child.
 Taking care of children – When parents consume high alcohol and drugs in their daily
life and this affects the life of children in gaining high variability so that they take care of
their child in an effective manner. The parents are having skills and emotions to tackle
their children and bringing the right functions to complete them. This is important for
each individual to analysis the environment and comes to know what are their children
doing and how they could perform the activities. It is the responsibility of parents to take
proper care of their child so that they feel important and valued in the life of parents.
Reducing the consumption of drugs for their children so that they deal with the tough
situation in an effective and substantial ways.
 Nurturing and attachment – When parents and children have warm feelings for with
each other and then this helps in building a great bond among them so that they maintain
future relations with them in order to gain particular substances in a proper manner
(Victor and et. al., 2018). Reducing the habit of daily drinking and taking drugs, it is
important for them to build high variability in their life and in gaining high value in the
life of their children. This is important for parents as well as children to have their good
nature and attachment which can be used to understand the issues and bring out the
solution accordingly. The parents should be attach with their child and provide them right
suggestion to do and managing the work effectively.
 Engage children in fun activities – Involving children in fun activities is considered as
customer focused strategy that help in dealing with the consequences of life and dealing
with the high level of stress. As environment is changing day by day where it became
important to focus on their children and engage them into fun activities which can help to
developing the all functions and activities effectively. By engaging time with children,
parents can improve their habits so that they consume less alcohol in gaining high
reliability and variability. This also helps in boosting their morale and confidence in their
personal life. In other words, parents should be conduct different fun activities and games
to develop their understandings and knowledge properly (Ungar, 2019).
 One to one communication – One to one communication is also considered as an
important child focused strategy that help the children and parents both in getting
10

solutions for the particular problem in effective manner. It is important for the parents to
communicate with their child and about their problem in order to solve their problems
and also for declining the process. Like if in case parents and children both go to the
doctor for solving a problem and the doctor explains both parents and child which results
in one to one communication. To share knowledge and skills communication is most
important as it bring bunch of happiness and goals to do something which can be used to
develop the personal knowledge and skills. The parents require to follow the strategy of
one to one communication as it helps to understand what their child is doing and how
they used to share the knowledge and skills to work effectively.
 Making a positive environment – Maintaining positive environment in the household
for both parents and child so that they both live in a peaceful environment for improved
lifestyle. This also helps in developing the morale and motivation of children by making
their parents involved n all the activities so that feel comfortable and happy while staying
with each other (McGovern and et. al., 2020). This also helps in dealing with the
problems of both parents and child because for building a stress free environment it is
important for parents to take care of their child in an effective manner. Parents are those
people who decides to what their children will become in their life after getting education
and need to create kind of positive environment that could help to feel free and attract to
develop their skills.
 To ensure their safety – It is the responsibility of their parents to keep their children safe
from any difficult situation and from any life changing event. This can be done by when
their parents focus more on taking constant sessions for improving their daily habit of
drinking and of taking drugs. This helps in improving their living style and this also
results in increasing their interest in taking part in all the house related activities so that
they satisfy their children.
 Build a planned break – The children firstly learns from their family and should plan
for outing form them which can help to developing the skills and knowledge to work
effectively. The children feel happy and satisfied while going to outside that can help to
develop the skills and abilities to work continuously. To have break can help children to
keep their mind fresh and start to work accordingly. For example, the parents should
11

follow the planning to go outside and managing the all work accordingly that can help to
managing all activities and functions effectively (Ife, Soldatić, and Briskman, 2022).
These practices play a very important role within the life of both child and parent because
this helps in dealing with the situations that children face at the time of when parents consume
high proportion of drugs and alcohol (Laing and et. al., 2019). Taking care of the changing needs
and wants of child is the major responsibility of parents and that is why it is important for them
to create a high motivating environment for their child. Parent substance helps in effecting the
life of their child they for not take care of their child in an effective manner and this results in
decreasing the connection between them. Parents who consume more alcohol tends to be less
productive in their life and are irresponsible about their duties and facts that they need to fulfil
for gaining high support from their life so that high value can be gained. From the above it has
explained as child focused practices are most important to individual and parents where number
of functions are done to develop their understanding and knowledge effectively.
To believe in spiritual activities – If someone does wrong with others then receive the
same that creates many problems for individuals. This practice is important to improve the
changes in their life and children that affect the all functions as well as activities. The parnets
should be focus over different spiritual activities take participation which could be used to
develop the understanding and make them loyal and supportive person. The parents who uses
more alcohol and drugs does not focus over spiritual activities that could create the challenge for
each individual and affected the productivity.
As said by Larson and et.al., (2019), communication with the child can take various forms
such as listening, direct talk, writing, facial expressions and many others. Social workers
communicate with the child and young people to understand their point of view and opinion.
They also connect with them by keeping them engaged and listening to them which can add a
positive change in the lives of the children (Zhang and et.al., 2019). The government of various
countries have taken various initiatives and there are various foundations which are linked with
dealing with children such as building social connections, enhance the level of knowledge. Such
knowledge will help in the child development and better emotional connectivity among all.
There are various approaches which are used to strength the situation of the young kids. The kids
are required to be treated with care and love so that their experience will be nurtured. That can
also be developed by building a positive impact on them whereas when the kids are not affected
12

right there lead to more chances of misunderstanding. Children of parents with drug and alcohol
use disorders often grow up under severe stress and are at greater risk of developing
psychological and social problems. However, a substantial proportion of affected children adapt
to their distressing life conditions and show positive development in terms of their mental health.
These children are described as resilient. One difference between resilient and maladapted
children is the presence of protective factors. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an
overview of the current state of the research concerning protective mental health factors in
children of parents with alcohol or drug use disorders. Child protection is related to take care of
the child rights in order to prevent them from a socially violence and abuse (Said‐Mohamed,
Pettifor, and Norris, 2018). For that social work can take place for various purposes as the social
workers provide direct help to the children. Mental health of the kids is essential as the way they
feel about themselves and others around them. Also, good mental health is considered to a
significant part of the healthy child development. It helps children in order to build positive
social, emotional, behaviour, thinking and communication skills. It also places the basis for
improved mental health and well-being later in lifetime. The child care services are made up of
governmental and private services which are made to safeguard the rights of the children. Under
the child welfare, the social workers also support to deliver and offer best services to the kids.
The main goal of the social workers is to stay committed towards it services for kids, children,
youth, families and communities (Orri and et.al., 2019). Moreover, various companies have set
the legal standards on the ways that must be considered while treating the young kids and
children. All the emotions of the kids are essential and all of them require proper attention and
care by the social workers. The term play is also essential for the other areas of the kid’s
development and the emotional development. The social workers and their team make use of
various words which presents the feeling of happiness and excitement. The children are also
taught about the emotions which are essential part of their growth. As emotions are all around us
and all the kids are unique and the way they behave is different from each other. Strong
emotional development comprises of various skills that is self-awareness, emotional regulation,
social-awareness, responsible decision making, relationship building and many others. As they
are to face various stages in their learning process such as noticing emotions, mix emotions and
many others (Luchenski, and et.al., 2018). That is why the above mentioned points will be used
to develop the social work practices in context to understanding about the child-focused practices
13

can be addressed while working with parents with substance misuse to identify and strengthen
protective factors for welfare of young children (Maguire-Jack, Johnson-Motoyama and
Parmenter, 2021). social work for the children is one of the main segment in the society. As all
the kids must be given equal chance to treat better and for that families, communities and social
workers must offer assistance to the children. Moreover, the social workers also provide help and
therapy to the children who have experienced some kind of traumas, losses, sexual abuse or
extra-familial abuse. The communities are working with youth and various people who are
experienced serious problems. The social workers also help the various child welfares to enter
into this field and they are face many responsibilities. Various communities are also contributing
funds for the kid’s development and welfare. The term social work begins with the purpose of
the social worker as the way they serve to the society and the children. In that empathy is one of
the ability which is used to identify the art of children's emotional state and also the ideas of the
another state. On the other hand, communication skills are the main skill for the workers as they
will be able to deliver better to the kids (Kalluri, Kelly and Garg, 2021). All the kids must be
treated better irrespective of gender, age, culture, religion, disability and many others. In addition
to this, the social workers and the team make use of various activities and the words which also
presents various feeling of happiness and excitement. That is why the children must be taught in
relation to the emotions which are necessary part of their growth. There are various approaches
which are used to strength the situation of the young kids. The kids are required to be treated
with care and love so that their experience will be nurtured. That can also be developed by
building a positive impact on them whereas when the kids are not affected right there lead to
more chances of misunderstanding (Sayal, Prasad, Daley, Ford, and Coghill, 2018). Child
protection is related to take care of the child rights in order to prevent them from any violence
and abuse. For that social work can take place for various purposes as the social workers provide
direct help to the children. The emotions are said to be all around us and all the kids are different
and the way they behave is unique from each other. In that strong emotional development
contains of various skills for example emotional regulation, self-awareness, social-awareness,
responsible decision making, relations and many more. As they are to look at different stages in
the learning process for example noticing emotions, mix various emotions and many more (Hong
and et.al., 2019). The people should be participating in social activities which can help to
developing the insights of parents and children to behave positively and manage the all work
14

which is needed to develop the business activities. The number of minor children who live in
families in which at least one parent has alcohol- or drug-related problems is mostly based on
estimates and is highly dependent upon the applied definition of problematic alcohol or drug use.
The proportion of using drugs and alcohol is increasing day by day as they are changing their life
style and feeling stress where they thinks to introduce the new productivity by taking
participation in various activities in order to reduce their bad habits (Cocker, and Allain, 2019).
This is important for each individual to analysis the environment and comes to know what their
children wants and how they could satisfied by managing the all functions and activities
effectively. For example, if parents are involves in hazardous and alcoholic activities then could
be challenging for parents to keep them on right path as they could be involve in number of
issues and illegal activities. The government is having major role as it should prohibit or restrict
the alcoholic items because it is affected the health and creates issues in environment.
Social workers communicate with the child in various forms that is listening, direct talk,
writing, making use of various activities facial expressions and many others. Social workers also
communicate with the children and young people to understand their point of view and opinion.
They also connect with them by keeping them engaged and listening to them which can add a
positive change in the lives of the children. The government of various countries have taken
respective initiatives and there are various foundations which are linked with dealing with
children such as building social connections, enhance the level of knowledge. Such knowledge
will help in the child development and better emotional connectivity among all. Mental health of
the kids is essential as the way they feel about themselves and others around them. Also, good
mental health is considered to a significant part of the healthy child development. It helps
children in order to build positive social, emotional, behaviour, thinking and communication
skills (Briggs, 2020).
As stated by Said‐Mohamed, Pettifor and Norris (2018) it also places the basis for improved
mental health and well-being later in lifetime. The social workers must actively participate in the
activities of the children so that they will be able to make a bond with the kids in order to build
the bond of trust. To discover valuable details about the social work. Moreover, the workers also
receive feedback in relation to the way the must work and treat the children. That is proper
coordination is required to communicate with other members so that better connectivity can be
made among clients. Along with it, they must be respectful to each other as this attitude us much
15

needed in the operations of such sensitive topic. They get a chance to work with diverse people
every day and they get to learn so much from them. They must be patient with the kids so that
they safe and relaxed in their presence and they feel the place it as their home. Moreover, in
order to be an effective social worker requires a proper set of professional training and a
education in the principles and techniques used to manage cases. When someone wants to begin
the career as a social worker, they will need to hold a minimum of a bachelor’s of social work
degree.
To identify the best practices in the assessment process to consider the needs and risks involved
in parental substance misuse and how parents understand of the child care social work
model.
As per the view of McGovern and et. al. (2018), parental substance use has generally
effects the life of child in a negative manner. Children with parent who consume alcohol and
drugs on a high level of amount are facing more trouble because they are getting any guidance
and assistance in their life. As per World Health Organization, use of substance is more harmful
or hazardous as it directly affect their health, lungs, mind, and increase the level of stress that
affects the lives. The number of minor children who live in families in which at least one parent
has alcohol- or drug-related problems is mostly based on estimates and is highly dependent upon
the applied definition of problematic alcohol or drug use. They generally face the issue of
parental abuse or neglect among their children which effects the morale of their children in a
negative manner and creates a bad image in their mind for their parents. In some cases, it also
happens that they face the issue of not getting support from the parents at the time of study or
mental guidance so that they get good results in their exams. This negligence results in creating a
negative image about their parents which also results in reducing the level of attachment and
bond with their particular parents. This also creates high level of stress in the mind of their
children as they do find a better environment in their which only demotivate them in creates
issue in their personal life (Pease, ed., 2020). With the help of social work practices, they can
improve the lifestyle of their parents and their child so that they deal with the health problems
easily. This also faces problem in dealing with the negative effect on the life of people which are
involved in dealing with the practices of the social work. While taking part in the social work the
life of child and parent both can be improved so that work with free nature and style. Those
children are mostly affected which mainly focuses on the fact that help in dealing with the in an
16

effective manner so that high variability can be maintained in their life so that they deal with the
situations in an effective manner. It is important to treat this problem so that they deal with the
changing situations in a proper manner and in making substantial changes in the life parents so
that they take care of their child in a proper manner. Every child is effected by the excessive
consumption of alcohol so that high value can be gained and in dealing with the changes that
come in the life of parents and child both. This leads to bring changes in the health of child and
this effects the overall lifestyle of child and their growth in the viability of the owners.
As per the opinion of substance use disorders are understood by recurrent usage of drugs
or alcohol or both that results in issues such as being not able to control usage of the substance;
not able to meet obligations at school, home or work; leading poor health and spending an
increased amount of time of using, getting and recovering from the impacts of utilising or
consuming the substance. Parent substance use and parent experience of substance use disorders
could have negative impacts on children. The number of minor children who live in families in
which at least one parent has alcohol- or drug-related problems is mostly based on estimates and
is highly dependent upon the applied definition of problematic alcohol or drug use. It is being
identified that children with a parent who has substance use disorders are more likely to have
decreased socioeconomic status and risen issues in social and academic settings and family
functioning in comparison of children whose parent does not consume drugs or alcohol (.
Whittaker, 2018). The children remain the primary attention of the family but they have to face
negative impacts when their parents are involved in consuming several harmful products such as
alcohol or drugs. Each child is affected by the consumption of harmful substances and some of
the impacts include unmet developmental requirements, economic hardship, emotional distress
and many more. In the children there are more chances of adopting consuming harmful
substances themselves if their parents are involved in this. Therefore, treating only an individual
with the addiction is quite limited in effectiveness. The social work profession holds more
importance in comparison of any other health care profession. Social work training and
education gives the significant impact the environment has on the individual. When fathers or
mothers of the children consume substances then their ability to bond with the children- so
significant during the early stages of life and generally it is weakened. With the motive of
forming an attachment, it is essential that caregivers give more attention and notice their
children's to interact. Parents who use marijuana generally face issue in holding their babies and
17

it also decreases response time and changes perceptions. An outcome with parental substance
misuse is disengaged children with disengaged parents. These children and parents have
difficulty making apt and healthy relationship. When children are neglected by parents then they
have lack of confidence and social skills. These lack of skills can hinder them from being social
and successful in relationships, work and school. They also face difficulty in understanding and
learning emotions of other people, maintaining relationship with others, have limited ability to
feel empathy and there are more chances that they hurt others. Children who live with parents
involved in consuming drugs are at major risk for a range of academic, developmental and
emotional problems. The children are more at exposure of getting anxiety and depression, exhibit
behaviour issues, score lower on tests of school and many more. Positive emotional and social
child development often linked to nurturing family settings in which caregivers are predictable,
daily routines are understood and everyone recognises clear boundaries for acceptable
behaviours. Such situations generally are missing in the homes of parents with SUD (Arseneault,
2018). As an outcome, extra interventions and supports are required to assist children consider
their strengths and increase their natural potential despite their negative environment at home.
The search for alcohol or drugs, the utilisation of limited resources to pay for them, the time
wasted in illegal activities for raising money for them or the time invested in the process of
recovering from hangovers or needed energy to care properly for their children. These children
frequently do not have their basic requirements met and generally do not receive apt supervision.
People with substance use disorders get engaged in behaviours that make their children feel
embarrassed and insulted. These parents often appear disinterested in the activities and school
performance of the children.
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According to the view of Waid and Uhrich (2020), parental substance misuse describes the
misuse of drugs and alcohol by the parents or carer for long term. They consume harmful
amounts of alcohol, totally dependent on alcohol and drugs and use drugs regularly and
excessively. These kinds of parents are not able in order to supervise their children properly.
There are high risks involved for the children if both parents are the substance abusers. It can
cause a variety of harms to the children which create unsafe environment for them, long-standing
stress as well as non-adequate responding to the needs of their child. Providing the safe the
environment as well as fulfilling all the needs of children are the main responsibility of every
parents. The parents also need to provide love and proper care to their children so, they develop
more effectively like other children. The parental substance abuse can increase the insufficient
ability in order to provide safe environment to their children as well as respond properly to their
emotional and physical needs. It has been found that the children who have substance abusing
parents faced more hospitalisations due to infections in comparison to other parents. Parental
substance abuse creates disorders of behavioural and psychological development in children and
it also creates mental health problems and substance abuse by them. The female parent who
consume alcohol and drugs at the time of their pregnancy creates many problems related to
social development and cognitive than other children. The parents who consume alcohol and
drugs are more violent and they may harm their children forcefully due to which they get scared
from them and it directly impact on their mental health (Miller, 2020). Due to this many children
faces long standing stress, some of them become more violent and they harm children also. The
parents who consume alcohol and drugs are also irresponsible and they put these substances open
at their home due to which their children also consume them and it directly affects on their
health. There are many social care organisations that helps children in order to get prevented
from this parental substance abuse. These social care service provide support to the children to
deal with the situations and also ensure their future wellbeing. These social care organisations
need to perform certain practices that helps children whose parents are struggling with addictions
in order to make them prevented from mental stress and other risk. These practices are described
below:
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Information dissemination – This is the best practice which is used by parents to crate
the awareness between people and managing the all functions that can help to develop the
performance and activities. It has seen that parents should be aware and needs to analysis the risk
which might be occur in future period so that kind of planning and strategy could be formulate
effectively. If all functions and activities are properly managed that could help to develop the
right data and information by learning new aspects and supported to grow the business aspects.
The parents also sent their child in spiritual places that create the peace of mind and keep away
from bad habits.
Be caring and consistent and do not pry- There are three unspoken rules of those
families where the people consume alcohol and drugs that are don't talk, don't feel and don't
share. Asking questions from the children make violation of these rules (Gershun and
Terrebonne, 2018). It is important to make casual relationship with them, provide care and
consistent with them so, they feel free and trusted in order to share their problems. This helps in
preventing the children from the parental substance use. If children are consuming alcohol then
parents needs to be strict and no need to talk with their children until they realize their mistakes.
The parents are having major role as evaluate what is happening around and how they feels while
getting alcohol that create the challenge to manage the work.
Remember, children love their parents and vice versa - Children who have parents
that are addicted and sometime they also violent with them instead they love them a lot. Helping
children separate the parent from the behaviour is consider the best way that the social care
centre conduct to help children. This separation helps in preserving the love of children in order
to feel about their parents but it allows them to share how upset their children feel about their
addictions. The parents should make feel that they are important to them and vice –versa could
help to reduce the risk and managing all functions accurately. The individual should be
remember that children are most assets as they love and care their parents so that they could
away from substances.
Remind them repeatedly that it is not their fault -Many children thinks that their
parent’s addictions are due to their fault. Each parents wants that their children could achieve
their goals once educating then parents should also needs to work for them as to remind them. It
increases their stress and it also directly affects their mental health (Logan‐Greene and
Semanchin Jones, 2018). The social care need to convince them that it was not their fault and it
20

is due to other reason and they can only help their parents to come out from this addiction. It will
also an effective practice that help social care centre to prevent children from parent substance
abuse. This can help to attract the individual and people to understand the issues which are
facing by children and affect the productivity that create the challenge to reduce the risks.
Look beyond a behaviour of child and instead ask why- This makes social carer to
look beyond the behaviour of a children. Because the behaviour of them is simple a direct
response to a trauma. They need to ask directly to them what happened to them instead of asking
what is wrong because of their rude behaviour. The social carer also need to listen their stories
properly in order to get to know about them. This will help in understanding the situation and
help them to get prevent out from this situation. If there is any suspicious activities have seen by
children in their parents then they have right to question and speak as they are enough mature to
resolve the issues. In case if parents are consuming parents substance then could be challenging
to understand the problems and provide the optimum solution.
Supporting children in tough situations- Tough situation might be arises as parents are
consuming alcohol where children feel insecure and unsafe. The best practices says that parents
should focus on future of their children and need to learn from their child age that can help to
reduce the risk and make feel them good. The most important practice that the social carer
conduct in order to help children from their parent’s addictions to provide proper support to them
so they deal with the tough situations. The need to ensure the children out from the way of harm
as well as put them away from the addictive behaviour (Saini, Laajasalo and Platt, 2020). They
can also involve police and child protective services in order to support the children. When the
children physically removed from this situation, the social carer need to think and find the
effective for improving their well beings.
Helps children to learn for dealing with their emotions in a healthy way- It is
important to help children to regulate their emotions so, they deal with any situations in healthier
manner. Parental substance abuse disturbs the child and it directly affects their emotions as they
think that why they was facing this situations due to this their stress level increased and it cause
many problems. The social care need to help children to learn for dealing with their emotions in
healthier manner. It is also an another important way that helps in preventing children from the
parental children abuse. This is important for individual to analysis the what their children wants
to learn and how they can do this so that kind of planning is formulated and supports to manage
21

the functions. The parents and children should be tackle each situation and problem which occurs
while living their life and affected the productivity.
Let kids be kids and encourage silliness- Due to parent substance abuse many children
does not enjoy their childhood situation and they may face many problems from this. The social
carer need to help children to enjoy their childhood and get prevented from the parental
substance abuse (Heimer, Näsman and Palme, 2018). As they already facing many problems
because of their parents’ addictions and it affects their morale also. By letting them enjoy their
childhood and make good relationship with their friends helps in protecting them from the
trauma and live their life happily.
Examine the risk factor – This is important practice which is used by parents to
evaluate the risk that could occur in case of consuming alcoholic substance regularly as they
cannot concentrate on their working and activities. This also affect the life of people and children
face the issue of lack of caring, and love from their parents. A child needs both mother and
father’s love but due to having parental substance many risk might be arises and affected the
performance. This also creates thallenges for individual to focus on risky factor and introduce the
right ways to resolve the problems.
Keep a well-balanced life – This is important strategy which is used by individual to
create the right path and maintaining the well balance in their life. If parents are indulging in
illegal and alcoholic activities then they feels ruin of life. This is most important for parents to
maintain a well balanced life by understanding issues and resolving it clearly which can help to
managing all functions and activities effectively.
From the above it has examined that there are number of best practices which can be used
by children and parent to evaluate upcoming risk due to having parental substance and formulate
planning that can help to solve the problems and managing all activities. This also helps to
develop the skills and abilities of individual where number of task could be done in proper
manner and supports to accomplish personal and professional goals.
Identify and elaborate on systematic and ethical issues involved in parental substance misuse to
develop understanding around best practices within social work while working with both
children and parents.
Ethics is a term that can infer grandiose, philosophical conversations, distant from the
regular world. Truly, kids in the parental substance misuse treatment field are continually
22

confronted with moral difficulties on a person as well as a cultural level. Morals is a scholarly
way to deal with moral issues, a philosophical structure from which to fundamentally assess the
decisions and moves individuals make to manage different parts of day to day living. Offspring
of guardians with substance reliance frequently report a lower feeling of prosperity further down
the road contrasted and their companions with non-subordinate guardians. Be that as it may, the
consideration for these youngsters and their families is frequently confounded. First and
foremost, experts and laypeople who come into contact with these families are uncertain when to
intercede, as impeding people groups' very own lives achieves moral situations. This prompts a
hesitance to act among experts and laypeople. Besides, treatment is convoluted by an absence of
incorporated care, as substance-orientated and kid orientated administrations are particular.
Grown-ups with substance reliance are upheld by liquor and other medication (AOD) laborers,
while their kids are upheld by kid government assistance administrations (CWS). Sadly, AOD
frequently find it hard to get some information about day to day life, leaving it hazy what support
the youngsters need, while CWS experts frequently depict guardians as reluctant to transparently
examine their substance-use issues with them. The coordinated effort between administrations is
additionally convoluted by contrasting monetary streams, vulnerability about what data can be
shared, different treatment goals,5 and unique qualities between the administrations. Ethics refers
to study of suitable business policies together with practices related to potentially controversial
subjects such as discrimination, fiduciary responsibilities, corporate governance and many more.
In other words, it is defined to type of applied ethics as well as professional ethics which
examines moral or ethical principles or problems which arises with specific business
environment. Similarly, responsible management is about seeking towards balancing interests of
whole world for prospering benefits of existing together with future generations. Business ethics
focuses towards doing the best for shareholders and stakeholders through fulfilling
responsibilities effectively and efficiently. The parents should be focus over ethical standard and
principles which can help to make feel them values. The parents should keep aware from
punishment if they does wrong where use of ethical principle became a good opportunity to
reduce the risks.
Ethical issues under the watchful eye of families with parental substance misuse frequently
utilizes a language of clashing interests among guardians and kids, and a standardizing structure
is summoned that spotlights on a proportionate gauging of these interests. The expression
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'interests' is consequently utilized in a somewhat wide sense, covering direct interests, yet
additionally individuals' very own necessities as well as their freedoms. In any case, considering
that it is likewise to individuals' greatest advantage that their requirements are satisfied and their
privileges regarded, we will summon just the broader term of 'interests', which subsumes the
necessities, freedoms and different subjects that an individual might have an interest in
understanding. The system first distinguishes these various interests. Beauchamp and Childress'
four moral standards are frequently utilized: regard for independence, non-wrathfulness,
helpfulness, and justice.1Next, these interests are weighed against one another. Under which
conditions might we at any point overrule parental independence for the youngster's advantage.
Some ethical issues are involve in relation to topic such as discrimination, unethical
accounting, lack of health and safety and nepotism are creating the problems and needs to
resolve it. The parents should behave equally with their children and provide them right
assistance to select the right path. This also helps to bring the new ideas and thoughts to live
away from bad habits.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is defined as the process of identifying, selecting and interpreting
data on the topic in an effective and systematic manner. Research methodology is considered as
the most necessary part of the whole research that allows the researcher in critically analysing
the overall reliability and validity of the conducted research study (Mohajan, 2018). This chapter
helps the researcher in clearly defining how the data is gathered or generated and the way data is
analysed on the selected topic. There are various methods that help in deriving right information:
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is defined as the set of principles and beliefs that helps in providing
direction to the researcher on how the whole research will be conducted in an effective manner.
There are mainly two types of research philosophies which are defined as positivism and
interpretivisim. In carrying out the present investigation, positivism research philosophy is used
by the investigator. The main reason for selecting positivism research philosophy is that it helps
the investigator in gaining information about the quantitative information of the selected research
topic.
Research approach
Research approach as one of the important method of research methodology because it
helps in testing the theories and hypothesis in an effective manner. Deductive and inductive are
two different types of research approaches (Snyder, 2019). Deductive research approach is used
by the researcher in carrying out the present research in an effective manner. The reason for
selecting deductive research approach is that it helps the researcher in testing the existing
theories and hypothesis in a more relevant and appropriate manner for gaining accurate
information about the topic.
Research strategy
Research strategy is the best method that includes in the process of research methodology
because this helps in attaining accurate and authentic information about the given topic or study.
There are various forms of research strategies that help the researcher in getting correct
information about the parental substance use within the market and are defined as survey, focus
group, systematic literature review, grounded theory, experimental research, and many more. In
conducting the present research, the researcher has used survey method for better attainment of
25

information. The reason for selecting this method is that it helps in gaining information from
large set of sample population.
Research design
Research design can be defined as the framework which is used by the investigator to
select the right type of method so that quality and authentic information can be gained on the
topic. Research design can be divided into three types and are defined as descriptive,
experimental and exploratory (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). In conducting the present research in a
proper manner, descriptive research design method is used by the researcher. The reason for
selecting descriptive research method is that it helps in gaining knowledge and accurate
information about the selected research topic in an effective manner.
Research choice
Research choice is considered as the most important topic that helps in collecting
accurate and valuable information about the given topic. Quantitative and qualitative are the two
types of research choice methods. In carrying out the present research in a proper manner,
quantitative research choice method is used by the researcher. The reason for selecting
quantitative research choice method because it helps in collecting numerical information in a
easy manner.
Data collection
Data collection is a technique of research methodology that helps in collecting data in a
more effective manner so that quality information can be gained. Primary and secondary are
defined as two methods that help the researcher in collecting data on the particular topic
(Newman and Gough, 2020) (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018). In the
present investigation, both primary and secondary methods are used by the researcher. The
reason for selecting both the methods is that it helps the researcher in gathering information
about the effect of parent substance use on the life of children.
Data analysis
Data analysis is defined as the most important method of research methodology which
helps in deriving quality information about the topic. There are different types of data analysis
techniques which are defined as frequency distribution analysis, thematic analysis and many
more. In carrying out the present investigation in an effective manner, the investigator has
26

selected frequency distribution table. The reason for selecting this technique is that it helps in
getting accurate and correct information from large number of respondents on the given topic.
Time horizon
Time horizon is the main element of research methodology that helps in completing the
whole dissertation in the given time period. Cross-sectional and longitudinal are two different
types of time horizon methods. In carrying out the present investigation, cross-sectional method
is used by the investigator. The reason for selecting this method is that it helps in gaining right
type of information on the given topic in an effective manner. It is also regarded as the most cost
effective method and helps in collecting the data in less period of time.
Sampling
Sampling is considered as the best technique that helps in collecting information from
large set of human population. Probability and non-probability are two different types of
sampling techniques that helps in gathering and analysing information about the chosen topic in
a more reliable manner. In the current investigation, the investigator has selected probability
sampling technique and under this random sampling technique is used (Bairagi and Munot eds.,
2019). The main reason for selecting this technique is that it helps in gaining fair information
from large number of respondents. The sample size selected 30 respondents.
Ethical consideration
While conducting the present research in an effective manner, ethics play a crucial role in
enhancing the value of the research in an effective manner. With the effective assistance of ethics
in the research helps in determining that no person is harmed in the whole research and
information is collected authentic data by using correct and official sites.
Time-scale and Feasibility
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28

DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the most necessary chapter on which the whole research is based and
helps in carrying it the quantitative data in an effective manner. In addition to this, data analysis
is defined as the most important method of research methodology which helps in deriving quality
information about the topic. There are different types of data analysis techniques which are
defined as frequency distribution analysis, thematic analysis and many more.
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CONCLUSION
` As per above research, it can be concluded that parental substance misuse impact on
young children and affect their mental and physical health. It is important for parents to
understand their responsibility towards children, family and reduce the use of alcohol and drugs.
There are various research methodologies are used for the purpose of collecting data and other
relative information. Qualitative and quantitative data is used for analysing implications of
parental substance on young children as well as identifying different types of practices in social
work to improve the lives of people. There are various systematic and ethical issues are involved
in parental substance misuse so it becomes important to identify effective work practice in order
to resolve these issues in specific period of time. From the above analysis it can be evaluated that
the term parental misuse is explained as the long term misuse of various drugs or alcohol by a
career or parents. It comprises of the parents who consume the harmful effects of alcohol which
are mainly dependent on this thing. Such habits are known to affect the overall life of their
children. It can be said that children are the main responsibility of their parents. That is why they
are required to be tackled in a proper manner in order to achieve high growth in their life.
Moreover, it can be seen that parents who are involved in such things for instance drinks alcohol
or drugs lead to result in not living their life properly. Whether it is business or their personal
life, all such activities lead to affect the feeling and growth of the children. Furthermore, the
morale of the children will also be affected adversely in their career. With the help of the study,
it is clear that there should be child focused preventive measures which will provide guidance to
the parents in order to improve the lifestyle and reduce the consumption of alcohol. In relation to
that, the parental substance has usually bad effects on the life of child. Additionally, the
environment of such houses can be imagined and in such houses, the kids are to face adverse
troubles as the environment is not normal and they are not getting any guidance and support in
their life. Sometimes they are to face various issues such as parental abuse due to which the kids
feel neglected or ignore. The self-esteem and confidence level of the children get affected and
morale too. The kids do not feel safe in their own house plus they have negative image of their
parents in their mind. Additionally, it also happens that children do not get support from their
parents at the time of study or any guidance that is why they are not able to perform good in any
field of life such as personal development or their exams. The negligence of the parents will
result into creating the negative image about their parents and the society as a whole which lead
30

to reduce the level of love, attachment and bond in the family with the parents. This majorly lead
to elevate the level of stress in the mind and the kids sometimes suffer from depression and
anxiety too. With the help of social work practices, they can enhance the lifestyle of the both
parents and the child so that all the issues can be resolved. This also faces problem in dealing
with the negative effect on the life of people which are involved in dealing with the practices of
the social work. When the family take part in the social work them the life of child and parent
both can be enhanced which will be beneficial for both of them.
RECOMMENDATION
Parental substance misuse is considered as the activity that involves long-term misuse of
drugs or alcohol by parent or carer. This involves those parents or carer who consumes large
amount of alcohol that enhances various health related issues. It creates negative impact on
children’s health and growth. Parental substance misuse also enhances various serious
consequences such as domestic abuse and mental health issues that creates effect on lifestyle of
people. Parents with this substance cannot pay attention on requirement of their children and
without proper guidance they can adopt wrong direction that ruined their career. It creates
negative environment in home and creates adverse impact on children physical and emotional
growth as well as affect their education or career planning. It is important to adopt effective and
systematic practices in social work in order to improve people lives. Parental substance enhances
risk for children and other internalizing problems like depression, substance abuse, anxiety and
some external problems like anger, impulsivity, aggressivity and others. Social practices are
defined as the professional applications, techniques and principles that are implemented for the
purpose of improving life of people. Some recommendations in the context of parental substance
misuse on young children and improving lives of the people are explained below:
 Adopt information dissemination strategy: It is recommended to adopt information
dissemination strategy for the purpose of spreading awareness and knowledge regarding
nature as well as extent of tobacco, alcohol, drug uses and abuse as well as their impact
on individuals, families and communities. Through gaining relative and reliable
information individuals can aware regarding prevention policies, services and
programmes. It enhances sense responsibility of parents towards their children, family
and other aspects. It is recommended to prevention education strategy that can impact on
31

social skills, refusal skills, systematic judgemental ability and critical analysis so they can
understand what is right for them.
 Teach empathy: it is recommended for parents to teach about empathy to children's
because it is help the children's to learn about the situations and scenarios. It is necessary
to knowledge about the social culture and its practices so, they should teach their
children's about social activities, empathy. It is help the children's to feeling connected
with the society and make a positive bond with people. Empathy help the children's to
learn and think about the conversation and they make patience while someone is talking
with them. Empathy help to make the children's social practices more successful and
effective which help the children to achieve the future goals.
 Practices role playing: it is defined as the great way to communicate with children's and
understand their problems and issues. It is recommended that, they should role play with
their children's which is help to develop the social practices activities and build more
social skills. They should create an effective role play which is help to make the
children's social skills effective. This recommendations will help the children to perceives
the specific person. And it is also help to teach the children's that how to communicate
with the society. It is help to improve the language of the children which is help to
develop the child's social skills for the welfare.
 Know child's limits: knowing the child's limits is one of the most important role of the
parents. So, it is recommended to parents that they should know their child's limits which
is help to understand the children and their interest. It is help to make the children more
comfortable. The should encourage and motivates the children for analysed the social
practices or activities which makes the children more social and strong. They should
understand the time limits of their children and their needs and wants which is help to
make communication more effective.
 Sharing: it is the part of daily life which help to make the social culture more effective. It
is help to develop the child's social skills. Sharing is the term which make the relation
more strong and effective. So, it is recommended to adapted the sharing strategy that is
help to make the communication and relation with other. Parents should focused on their
children's needs and wants which is help in effective communication. It is help to make
32

the friendship more strong and advance friendship. It is help to make the children more
social and aware about the social terms.
 Positivity: it is recommended the parents to spread positivity with their child which is
help to make the children more positive. They should talk about more positive social
culture that is help to make the children socially as well as positive. This
recommendation will help the children to gain the more positivity with their parents and
society where they can also spread positivity with their friends. It is help to spread
positivity in the overall society as well as in human also. It is help the children to take the
right decision with positivity.
 Making eye contact: it is recommended to parent to make eye contact with their children
which is help in positive interaction with the children. It is help to know about the
children problems and issues which they are facing. Making eye contact help the children
to faced the issues in society. It is also help the children to talk with other with making
eye contact which impact on others as positive.
 Using manner: it is recommended that using the positive and right manner help to show
the children right direction which is help the children to develop their skills and
knowledge. It is help the children to learn about respect and how to manner with others.
Using right manners help to make the children to communicate with society as well
manner which help to increase the children value.
 Following directions: following children direction help the parent to understand and
know about their children's abilities. So, they should follow their children's direction to
know more about their children and their capabilities about the society. It is also help the
children to show the right direction which is help in their future. It is also help the
children to choose the right path for their career and success. It is help to make the
children perception more effective and efficient.
 Read books about social skills: it is recommended that they should read books about on
the social skills which is help to gain more knowledge about social practices. It is help
the children to adopted the social activities for their social skills development. The books
help to make the children more knowledgeable and well manner which is help to increase
their productivity towards the society. Reading books on social skills help to develop
more skills which is help in children development.
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 Listening: they should listen their children and their needs and wants which is help to
understand the children and their abilities. Listening is a skills which help in
communication and understanding. Listening skills in children help to make them more
effective about the social gaols and social activities. It is help the children to listen
carefully and think about the other perception. This recommendation will help the
children to develop their listening skills and listen the other perception carefully.
 Patience: this is also the social skills which help to make the patience in any argument.
So, it is recommended to parent, to teach about patience to their children which is help
the children to listen the other speech carefully and make patience and control on their
behaviour. They should behave like a gentleman with other which is help to increase their
social standard.
 Respecting boundaries: it is recommended to parent to teach their children how to
respect other, which will help the children to develop the skills. It is also help the children
to increase their image in the society. This recommendation will help the children to how
to talk with other and how to respect with other. It is also help to develop the children
image in society.
REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Waid, J. and Uhrich, M., 2020. A scoping review of the theory and practice of positive youth
development. The British Journal of Social Work, 50(1), pp.5-24.
Miller, R., 2020. Engagement with families involved in the statutory system. In Practice Skills in
Social Work & Welfare (pp. 129-145). Routledge.
Gershun, M. and Terrebonne, C., 2018. Child welfare system interventions on behalf of children
and families: Highlighting the role of court appointed special advocates. Current
problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, 48(9), pp.215-231.
Logan‐Greene, P. and Semanchin Jones, A., 2018. Predicting chronic neglect: Understanding
risk and protective factors for CPS‐involved families. Child & family social
work, 23(2), pp.264-272.
Saini, M., Laajasalo, T. and Platt, S., 2020. Gatekeeping by allegations: An examination of
verified, unfounded, and fabricated allegations of child maltreatment within the context
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Online
Impacts of parental substanstance on child. 2022. [Online]. Available through:
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https://valleycares.com/blog/families-in-crisis-how-parental-substance-abuse-and-mental-health-
impacts-kids/#:~:text=When%20children%20are%20being%20neglected,problems
%20and%20drug%2Daffected%20newborns
Impacts of substanstance on child. 2022. [Online]. Available through:
< https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725219/>
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