Parole: Overview of Prison System and Support for Offenders

This document provides an overview of the parole system, including the prison system and the support offered to offenders after their release. It also includes a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of these services.

PAROLE

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Overview of prison system and penology...................................................................................3
Support offered to offender after releasing from prison..............................................................5
Critical evaluation of the services that is related.........................................................................7
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................8
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Parole means temporary or permanent release of a prisoner from the prison. In another
sense it means that when a person is being released from a person on temporary or permanent
basis. It is having wider scope because it is part of prison system that is being followed within a
country. Nature is very dynamic because it deals with those elements which are responsible
making a prisoner free from prison. Offender is the person that is responsible for committing a
crime or wrong and is locked in the prison for this reason only. In this assignment prison system
and support provided to offender at time of prison is to be explained. In the end critical
evaluation is going to be done over the effectiveness of services.
MAIN BODY
Overview of prison system and penology
Penology is the study of crime and victims. Francis Lieber is the sociologist that has
coined the term penology that means punishment given to criminals. Sociology has various
branches in which criminology is a branch that is covered under penology. It mainly deals with
studies over the actions and thought process of criminal with the psychology behind it. This is
also deals upon simple words that is declining penalty and charges for the person is guilty. The
major function over preventing of criminal offences that has been stating through standard bar of
court from giving rigorous punishment. This can be understood through example the when
someone is found guilty over stealing of money and law states about the norm on punishment to
be given. Such practice demotivates the idea of criminology and thus acts as maintaining
righteous things in the society (Rhine, Petersilia and Reitz, 2017).
Other main function of penology is to make sure that mental health of the criminal is
maintained. During time period he is in the prison in order to improve him and avoid further
crime. Such type of insecurities and reason behind them crime is also studied in detail. Further
aim of penology is explained as follows:
 For examinations of ethic that is involved within the procedure of punishment and this is
going to help in motivating and the purpose of it is going to be reflected upon society.

 In order to make a comparative study over the laws involved within the procedure of
history.
 Also evaluation of the social consequences with the modern laws that has come into force
in modern times.
In the modern term penology has evolved itself from time to time due to changes in crime and
punishment. Such kind of reflection is being represented of school through various doctrine that
is Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu in French and Bentham in England that is being
associated. Such kind of assumption that is being made by the choice determined over the
calculation upon perspective through benefits and risk over the act that has been contemplated
and crime has been circulated through adoption of punishment which has out weighted
advantages (Padfield, 2019).
Also excessive penalties like death and such kind of punishment. Further the classical
school is being followed by the neoclassical school over the revolutionary period in France that
has been insisted over the decree of moral recognition and circumstances. This doctrine is based
on 'individualization of punishment' (the punishment of the individual rather than of the crime
committed) is a development of this fundamental principle. Further it is very important in terms
of modern penology.
As per the last quarter of 19th century there was a development theory of crime. This is
known firstly as the Italian school of criminology and then it later known as the positive school.
In this school concept that use to be followed is that criminality is inherited and that is why
criminal was not wholly responsible upon acts. As the society still required to protect over itself
against him. In this, it would be irrational to punish him as if he were a free moral agent.
Such school of thought has been later discredited, although this has been helping in
paving manner of studying the psychology of criminals. From the study of such criminologist
has been discovering that there has to be single formula that is required for accounting of
criminal and is being emphasized over turning upon researching with individual or social over
factors which has been determining all kinds of criminal activities.
Punishment is the process by which an accused is being send to prison for the crime that
has been committed by him. Such punishment is being given in the form of imprisonment by an
higher authority. Punishment is very useful in maintaining g of balance in society and persons
living in it. They differ according to the degree and seriousness of the crime that has been
committed.

The infliction of some kind of pain or loss upon a person for a misdeed (i.e., the
transgression of a law or command. Punishment may take forms ranging from capital
punishment, flogging, forced labor, and mutilation of the body to imprisonment and fines.
Deferred punishments consist of penalties that are imposed only if an offense is repeated within a
specified time n some pre modern societies, punishment was largely vindictive or retributive, and
its prosecution was left to the individuals wronged.
In quantity and quality such punishment bore no special relation to the character or
gravity of the offense. Gradually there arose the idea of proportionate punishment, such as was
reflected in the biblical dictum. Eventually punishment by individuals came under the control of
the community; later, with the development of codes of law, the state took over the punitive
function for the maintenance of public order.
Under such a system, the state is viewed as the entity wronged by the crime, and the exaction of
punishment by individuals acting on their own behalf (as in cases of lynching) is illegal. The
main purpose of punishment is to protect society by deterring potential offenders, by preventing
the actual offender from committing further offences and by reforming and turning him into a
law-abiding citizen (Moffa, Stratton and Ruyters, 2019).
Support offered to offender after releasing from prison
As the prisoner is released from the prison the criminal justice services is been helping
and supporting the offender and promote there betterment within society but they are not been
subject to supervision. They are completely freed only after 12 months from getting out of
prison. The aim of this is to make offenders to be part of integrate back into their communities
and address issues which lead to their offending. Various offenders is going through specific
programs as they are being given separate environment in order to get them treated well. Certain
examples in the main program that has been used for this purpose has been explained as follows:
Through care addictions service:
The aim of the through care addictions service is to provide continued support and treatment for
drug users in the six weeks immediately following release from prison:

 There must be at least 2 face to face meetings with the prisoner prior to release to agree the
community integration plan. This involves identifying, referring and linking the prisoner to
community-based services
 Arrangements are made to see the prisoner within 2 days after release
Drug and Alcohol Intervention
The Criminal Justice Drug and Alcohol Intervention team provide a range of services,
including drug testing and treatment orders, working with offenders with a community payback
order drug and/or alcohol requirement, and working with prisoners serving short term prison
sentences (less than 31 days), or remanded in custody, with alcohol issues. This is aimed at
breaking the repetitive cycle of problematic alcohol use, related offending and short custodial
sentences by engaging prisoners when they are in custody, continuing to work with them once
released and, if necessary, following them back into and out from prison again.Both parolees and
probation officer are within the supervision of a community. It is being represented by various
kinds of criminal justice continuity. Whereas parolees and mandatory releasees are serving a
term of conditional supervised release following a prison term, probationers are under
community supervision instead of a prison or jail term.
UNDERSTAND CULTURE SHOCK
It has been depending upon the length of separation that is being spent by him or her in
prison. This is going to make him suffer from cultural shock. The more time spend by them in
prison is going to impact the capability of an employees in an organization. It is very important
to be taken into control. The key to helping your loved one with culture shock is to be patient and
show them your and God's love. Offer them help with decision making, new cultural norms, and
life organization (Drecun, 2016).
2. BE AWARE OF DEPRESSION
After coming out from jail another thing that is important to be taken into consi is that
the person should not be allowed If therapy is not an option, there are other steps you and your
loved one can take to improve their mental health and happiness
3. COMMUNICATE YOUR FRUSTRATION

Frustration for both you and your loved one is expected at this stage of your relationship. Your
loved one may face frustration in their adjustment to living in a home, troubles with
vulnerability, their employment search, treatment, and culture shock. You will also face
frustration with the changes that occurred during their incarceration. Many times, they may not
leave incarceration the same person you envisioned (Berk, 2017).
The best way to improve feelings of frustration is through communication. Talk to each other
about how you perceive the way they express their frustration and decide the best way to express
these feelings. Finding a middle ground and keeping accountability will keep the dialogue open
to improve your communication
MANAGE ANGER
In prison, aggression and anger are methods of protection. Outside prison culture, these
displays are not as acceptable. Your loved one will need to find a way to control this anger and
channel it into productivity.
Critical evaluation of the services that is related
As it can be observed that various kinds of changes has been taking place within the
programs that is being provided for the person who has been relived from jail. So, the programs
is applicable to it on daily basis up to only 12 months. These kind of changes includes drugs and
alcohol abuse, depression, situational problems, anger management should and frustration. All
the elements is going to be very helpful in making condition of the criminal very controlled and
balanced.
CONCLUSION
From the above file it can be understood that the concept of parole is very important
because it makes and prisoner free. Also in the file various kinds of elements that helps in
improving of condition of a prisoner. Such elements makes a prisoner to get mix-up within the
environment that is there because it makes him feel as part of the society. In the end critical
evaluation is done over the support.

REFRENCES
Books and journals
Berk, R., 2017. An impact assessment of machine learning risk forecasts on parole board
decisions and recidivism. Journal of Experimental Criminology. 13(2). pp.193-216.
Crandell-Williams, A. and McEvoy, A., 2017. Fathers on parole: Narratives from the
margin. The Journal of Men’s Studies. 25(3). pp.262-277.
Drecun, M., 2016. Cruel and Unusual Parole. TEx. L. REv.. 95. p.707.
Grattet, R. and Lin, J., 2016. Supervision intensity and parole outcomes: A competing risks
approach to criminal and technical parole violations. Justice Quarterly. 33(4). pp.565-
583.
Moffa, M., Stratton, G. and Ruyters, M., 2019. Parole populism: The politicisation of parole in
Victoria. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(1). pp.75-90.
Padfield, N., 2019. Giving and getting parole: The changing characteristics of parole in England
and Wales. European Journal of Probation, 11(3), pp.153-168.
Padfield, N., 2019. Giving and getting parole: The changing characteristics of parole in England
and Wales. European Journal of Probation, 11(3), pp.153-168.
Rhine, E.E., Petersilia, J. and Reitz, K.R., 2017. The future of parole release. Crime and
Justice. 46(1). pp.279-338.
Schaefer, L. and Williamson, H., 2018. Probation and parole officers’ compliance with case
management tools: Professional discretion and override. International journal of offender
therapy and comparative criminology. 62(14), pp.4565-4584.
Werth, R., 2017. Individualizing risk: Moral judgement, professional knowledge and affect in
parole evaluations. British Journal of Criminology. 57(4). pp.808-827.