Meet Asherine Power Point Presentation 2022

MEET ASHERINE
Client Information
Name Asherine
Gender Female
Age 30 years
Weight 59kg, BMI 24
Disease
condition
Asthma
Lifestyle Balanced diet
Occupation University student
Living status Lives with the family
Exercise Plays rugby
Smoking N/A
Alcohol intake She drinks socially
Family history Father died of Cancer
Medication Salbutamol twice a day

Two major pathological changes that occur in the
respiratory tract during an asthma attack are:
• Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
• Increased mucus production
Explain
 Bronchial Smooth muscle contraction
 Asthma causes primarily causes inflammation of the lower airway mucosa.
This results in further contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle, thereby
leading into a narrowing of airways and obstruction. Bronchial smooth
muscle contraction is a characteristic feature of pathophysiology of asthma
(Sugita et al., 2018). Bronchial smooth muscle contraction induces airway
narrowing, which also contributes to bronchial inflammation by releasing
various inflammatory mediators. Such inflammatory mediators may include
mast cells and T-lymphocytes (Wenzel, 2012). Bronchial smooth muscle
contraction will increase when my client has asthma. The increase in
bronchial smooth muscle contraction when my client has asthma will be as
a result of the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Besides, an
increase in bronchial smooth muscle contraction will be contributed by an
increase in both cell size and number. Furthermore, asthmatic bronchial
smooth muscle contraction will be as a result of increased cell proliferation
and decreased cell apoptosis (Hackett, 2012).
 Increased mucus production
 The secretion of mucus is an important part of the defense of the airways.
Hyper secretion of mucus is linked to asthma a health condition that is
associated with activation of inflammatory response. The activation of

The clinical manifestations of asthma
Coughing is one of the clinical manifestations of asthma. As a result of asthmatic
bronchial smooth muscle contraction, the airways in the lungs become affected, thereby
becoming inflamed and swollen. Besides, the breathing tubes become reactive, which
makes them squeeze and tighten, which makes the lungs to be more likely to be
affected by irritants such as cold air. The body then reacts by coughing in efforts to try
to remove the irritant in the lungs (Wenzel, 2012).
The other clinical manifestation of asthma is increased respiratory rate. Asthmatic
bronchial smooth muscle contraction leads to inflammation of the lungs and narrowing
of the airways, which makes it difficult for free passage of air. This makes the air
entering in the lungs to decrease thereby making the patient take more breaths in a
shorter period of time in order to provide the body with enough oxygen required by the
body to function well. This makes the patient exhibit an increased rate of respiratory
rate. As asthma worsens, the increase in respiration rate becomes more pronounced
(Lambrecht & Hammad, 2015).