Pathophysiology Tasks 2022

Running Head: TASK 0
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

TASK 1
Contents
Scenario 1: Gout.........................................................................................................................2
Scenario 2: Lyme Disease..........................................................................................................2
Scenario 3: Osteoporosis............................................................................................................2
Scenario 4: Rheumatoid Arthritis...............................................................................................2
Scenario 5: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)..................................................................................2
Scenario 6: Lateral Epicondylitis...............................................................................................2
Scenario 7: Status Epilepticus....................................................................................................3
Scenario 8: Multiple Sclerosis (MS)..........................................................................................3
Scenario 9: Myasthenia Gravis (MG)........................................................................................3
Scenario 10: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)....................................................................................3
Scenario 11: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).......................................................................................3
Scenario 12: Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs)...........................................................................4
Scenario 13: Cerebral Artery Vascular Accident (CVA)...........................................................4
Scenario 14: Osteoarthritis (OA)...............................................................................................4
Scenario 15: Fibromyalgia (FM)................................................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................................5

TASK 2
Scenario 1: Gout
The elevation in the concentration of urate or the uric acid and its deposition in
several body parts causes gout. Then overproduction of urate causes the formation of crystals
of MSU. Lastly, these crystals cause the inflammation. Hence, the condition starts with the
hyperuricaemia and then it takes a form of gout (Steiger, 2017).
Renal calculi are also called as kidney stones. In Gout there occurs build of uric acid
which also gets into the blood stream and results in formation of crystals in joints as well as
in kidneys. Since, the present of urate concentration is very high in blood as well as in urine,
it causes the formation of stones or calculi in kidney which is very painful (R., 2018).
Scenario 2: Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted via deer
ticks. Lyme disease affects the heart which leads to irregular rhythm of heart beat, palpitation
and dizziness. Major factors which can cause the Lyme disease is spending time in the woods
or near tress as ticks are mostly found in woody and bushy area (Schwartz, 2017).
Scenario 3: Osteoporosis
Human body continuously replace the old bone tissue with the new ones and is a
regular process. But in several cases this maintenance lacks behind and this result in decrease
in bone mass and density and hence leads to osteoporosis. It is commonly found in people of
older age. In men lack of androgen while in women low estrogenic level accompanied by
menopause results in the condition of osteoporosis (Black, 2016).
Scenario 4: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis is mainly caused due to the physical or mechanical wear-tear of joints
where as rheumatoid arthritis is associated with the joint pain due to attack of person’s
immune system as it is an autoimmune disease. The antibodies and immune cells of the body
target to attack its own tissues and causes inflammation chiefly at the joints (Firestein,
2017).
Scenario 5: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
HLA-B27 test was ordered to check the presence of HLA-B27 in the blood. If the test
is positive then it means that the patient is at higher risk of getting autoimmune disease such
as ankylosing spondylitis. HLA-B27 is the genetic mutation present in the genes of the
person with AS and it act as genetic marker while screening the disease (Koca, 2019).