This article discusses Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP), a condition where the lungs and bronchioles surrounding tissues become irritated. It covers the symptoms, causes, and diagnosis of COP.
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Running head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY1 Pathophysiology Name Institution
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY2 Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection inside one or both lungs. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) also known as (BOOP) bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia is a condition where lungs and bronchioles surrounding tissues have been irritated. It is often a complication of an existing chronic inflammatory disease such as chronic bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or a side effect of prolonged toxic fumes and certain medications such as amiodarone. Symptoms for COP are fever, night sweats, chills, weight loss, fatigue, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and chronic bronchitis. (Mackenzie, 2016) Chronic bronchitis is the probable cause of ND’s pneumonia, which is brought about by an infection in the lungs through the airways. Bronchitis can be caused by very limited mobility, the age limit of under the age of two years or over the age of 65 years, have difficulty swallowing, have had hypertension and stroke, smoke or take other illicit drugs. (Young & Fisher, 2018). ND smoked for 52 years of her life and this caused her the health problems even if she never experienced it in her early life and she is 82 years old who spends most of her days on a wheelchair or the bed and this caused bronchitis. To diagnose ND’s condition Pleural fluid culture test will be done where a fluid is collected by inserting a needle between the ribs and tested at a laboratory and examined through a microscope for the infection. Pulse oximetry test can also be used to determine the level of oxygen in her blood and confirm if oxygen is being sent accordingly to parts of her body to determine if she needs extra oxygen. ("Pneumonia Symptoms and Diagnosis", 2018)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY3 COPD COPD includes enlarged and damaged air sacs. Smoking is the main cause of COPD, second-hand fumes, chemicals, air pollution, and respiratory infections. (Mannino, Homa, Akinbam, Ford & Redd, 2002). In America, 16 million adults are estimated to have COPD. In 2016, 8.9 million Americans were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. About 75 percent of those with the illness were adults over the age of 45 years. It was discovered more than 7 million women have a very high rate of COPD in United State than men this is because women come into contact secondhand smoke and other lung irritants like organic cooking oil which causes COPD. COPD is a burden to society in the United State since it is the fourth death causing illness. Diseases like heart attack and stroke and deaths caused by COPD have increased. Carer to take care of the COPD patients at home is high in terms of health status and health-related quality of life. The morbidity is usually compromised by frequent underdiagnose and undertreat diseases associated with COPD. Working on the front lines of disease management, I would educate the society on COPD, they should be aware of the illness, sign, and symptoms; and how to get medication and management. I will provide vaccines to them since many have a high chance of having COPD either directly or indirect and so vaccination will help prevent the infection, encourage them to stop smoking, eat right and exercise.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY4 References Mackenzie, G. (2016). The definition and classification of pneumonia. Pneumonia, 8(1). doi: 10.1186/s41479-016-0012-z. Mannino, D., Homa, D., Akinbam, L., Ford, E., & Redd, S. (2002). CDC - COPD Home Page - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html. Pneumonia Symptoms and Diagnosis. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.lung.org/lung-health- and.../pneumonia/symptoms-and-diagnosis.html Feb 14, 2018 Young, B., & Fisher, k. (2018). Can Bronchitis Turn Into Pneumonia? Prevention and Identification. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/can-bronchitis-turn- into-pneumonia. .