Challenges and Solutions in Full Duplex Communication

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Introduction
Further improvements must be done to the spectral efficiency of various networks in a bid to enhance the
delivery of the ever increasing rates of data. The operational systems of wireless communication
nevertheless depend upon the operation of the half-duplex that is turn cause exploitation of resource
erosion. The pledge of full duplex on contrary promotes the attainable spectral efficiency wireless
communication systems through ever having the transmission as well as reception within the whole
bandwidth (Arachchillage et al., 2018).
The pledge of almost twice channel capacity in comparison with existing half duplex communication
remains the main driving force for the further development that occurs to full duplex communication
hence providing the ability of complimenting as well as sustaining the progressive evolution in the
technologies of fifth generation in the direction of denser heterogeneous networks associated with flexible
relaying modes.
Investigations have been carried out in the recent past on an avalanche of practical as well as theoretical
aspects of full duplex through quantification of the gains of performance of full duplex modes which
show benefits over half duplex mode with regard to having lowered outage probability or increased
throughout even though attained at expense of enhanced complexity. Still, the recent advances
experienced in full duplex communications have resulted in an increase in attainable throughput alongside
orders of diversity of systems of wireless communication (Vial et al., 2017).
Nevertheless, a drawback of the full duplex gain revolves around erosion by self-interferences as a result
of the enormous power difference that exists between the imposed power by own transmission of device
and receiver signal having low power as generated from a remote signal antenna.
Challenges associated with full duplex and possible solutions
In as much as very little full duplex realizations have been adopted in the commercial set ups as a result
of the technical as well as economic challenges, a significant level of research has been undertaken
already through addressing numerous challenges as shown below:
Self-interference cancellation
Existing research demonstrate that it is of importance to precisely measure as well as supress the self-
interference in full duplex communication. For instance, the self-interference power and spatial reuse may
to signficnt levels lower the full duplex gain over half duplex with regard to the capacity of network
levels making it less than 2 in frequent cases (Wang and Zhang, 2016). Suppose the self-interference level
at the full duplex relay input however be at least less than 3 dB less than the level of noise, the remaining
self-interference is least likely to degrade t end to end throughput. Self-interference methods are often
grouped into passive as well as active suppressions.
Passive self-interference suppression: This refers to the attenuation of path loss imposed signal power as
resulting from physical separation between receivers as well as transmit antennas of the very device
(Poncha et al., 2018). Among the various techniques of a typical passive self-interference suppression are
inclusive of:
Directional SI suppression where key radiation lobes of antennas of transmit or receiver of a full duplex
device bear minimal intersection resulting in partial suppression of the Si before the FR front end of the
receiver.
SI cancellation & antenna separation: Enhancing the path loss that exists between the transmitter and
receiver antennas compose a proper approach for attenuation of the SI power where a higher separation of
antenna means better performance of SI suppression. The natural isolation is as well likely to exploit the