PEDIATRIC AND GYNECOLOGIST

Running head: PEDIATRIC/ GYNECOLOGIST
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Pediatric/ Gynecologist
Students Name
Institutional Affiliation

PEDIATRIC/ GYNECOLOGIST
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Pediatric/ Gynecologist
Health experts around the globe have tried to define pediatric and gynecologist. However,
the most suitable definitions state that pediatric is the arm of medicine that deals with health and
medical care of infants, children, and adolescents between the ages of birth to 18 years.
Pediatrics conducts not only medical care for children but also provides preventive services for
healthy children. The study of pediatric is aimed at reducing the death rate of children. On the
other hand, a gynecologist is a specialist that conducts medical practice dealing with female
reproductive system health. Gynecologists use the Pap smear test to detect abnormalities in the
female reproductive system.
Having read the story of Monica, below are the answers to the questions give:
Which three of the preconception health risks do Monica have?
From the mentioned preconceptions, Monica is struggling with obesity, hypertension, and
hyperlipidemia, and also she is unaware of her family's genetic risk history. From the
explanation, it is clear that she has the hormone that causes obesity. There are several hormones
that are responsible for weight gain in women; for instance, estrogen hormone helps an
individual to control metabolism and body weight. A high level of this hormone will irritate
insulin-producing cells in the body; as a result, body cells block insulin, letting the uncontrolled
amount of glucose circulate. This will lead to obesity and hypertension (Hall et al. 2015). Insulin
helps in the breakdown of fats when insulin is blocked, fats will grow in the blood vessels, and as
a result, the individual suffers from hyperlipidemia (Rahman et al. 2017). Monica's story stated
that new parents adopted her, and therefore she is not aware of her biological parents’ genetic
history.

PEDIATRIC/ GYNECOLOGIST
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Which medication used to treat hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease has the
lowest risk and, therefore, would be considered the safest if an unintended pregnancy were to
occur?
Hypertension is mostly found at most 6% of young women (Foy et al. 2016). Its
treatment aims at decreasing cardiovascular risk, the astronomy of which is less dependent on the
level of blood pressure than associated cardiovascular risk factors hypertension-related organ
damage and concomitant disease. Hypertension diseases of pregnancy complicate up to 10% of
pregnancies. This leads to maternal and perinatal mortality (Verbiest and Woodward, 2016).
Therefore, from the given medicines, hydralazine is the right medicine to treat hypertension and
cardiovascular disease (Laurent et al. 2017). Hydralazine is better than an ACE inhibitor that her
medical provider prescribed. This is because ACE inhibitor, which includes Lisinopril, is one of
the worst blood pressure drugs, and it will bring higher risk to her in case she is pregnant.
Pregnant women are advised to avoid Atenolol medicine as it goes through placental barrier, thus
appearing in cord blood. This affects pregnancy may lead to miscarriage.
As Monica does not know her biological family’s genetic risk history, what primary
genetic risk factor based on her race or ethnicity would you most want to screen her for during
preconception?
Findings suggest that the race of an individual is the most important aspect considered by
physicians when making decisions on preconception testing (Franasiak et al. 2016). Biologists
say that individuals whose parents have hypertension are at more risk of developing the
condition. This is particularly if both parents have hypertension. This is because hypertension is