Performance in Quality and Safety in Healthcare Institutions
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This report discusses the importance of maintaining effective quality and safety measures within healthcare institutions, with a specific emphasis on Alfred Hospital. It covers useful quality indicators, opportunities and challenges for safety and quality performance reporting, and relevant indicators for the organisation.
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PERFORMANCE IN QUALITY AND SAFETY
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................3 2.0 Characteristics of useful quality indicators................................................................................5 3.0 Opportunities and challenges for safety and quality performance reporting.............................9 4.0 Identification of relevant indicators for the organisation........................................................12 5.0 Quality and safety balanced scorecard....................................................................................14 6.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................17 References......................................................................................................................................18 Page2of21
1.0 Introduction Quality and safety have become one of the most important aspects of the health care sector. With the advancementsof science and technology, quality improvement has become the most effectiveaspect.IntheconsiderationofDixon-Woods&Martin(2016),thehealthcare institutions devoted to remedial practices require giving strong attempt for medical services. Implementing dedicated practices for healthcare related settings, the doctors are required to stream measurable enhancement in the eminence of medical services. According toWhite et al. (2016), it can be noted that in the present time,patients are conscious of individual rights in relation to medical services and the superiority of medical services are being conveyed to them. There are several measures or indicators that are placed to offer the superiority of services for its patients devoid of any obtained infection. It can be stated that the primary reason behind the quality enhancement in the healthcare institutions is that, in case the practices are stuck with any of the traditional concepts without any further improvements, it might fail to generate effective results. Hence, it has been determined that by streamlining the alterations into the system, a fresh degree of performance can be attained. On the other hand,Graban (2016) stated that replacing the ineffective parts of the structure with fresh inventions might turn up to be effective and worthy. For the established effectiveness, advanced methodologies have been incorporated within the healthcare servicer on the global context. Moreover,Dixon-Woods & Martin (2016) claimed that the digital version of a patient's medical records renders the actual time records, which are patient centred by nature. Several healthcare institutions are using EHR (Electronic Healthcare Records) software, which contains the medical and treatment based histories of patients. The specific software is usually Page3of21
prepared at doctors’ offices, which generally goes beyond the standard medical data and features a wider view of the healthcare standards of the patients. The present report aims to determine the importance of maintaining effective quality and safety measures within the healthcare institution. The study specifically focuses on the efforts taken by Alfred Hospital in terms of its quality and safety measures for the patients. The study would also emphasise on the useful quality indicators, opportunities and challenges Alfred Hospital had to come across for its safety and quality performance reporting, relevant indicators and finally a balanced scorecard. The researcher, at the last, concludes the discussion by way of providing an ending note. Page4of21
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2.0 Characteristics of useful quality indicators There have been number of clinical indicators that are and useful and utmost required within the health care institutions. Some of these indicators are briefly mentioned herein: Safety It has been determined from the data highlighted in the corporate website of Alfred Hospital that RiskMan, the incident reporting system act as an integral aspect of the institution’s health risk management system (Alfredhealth., 2019). The management of the organisation maintains a system of providing regular training and data for its resources on the use of its incident reporting system, RiskMan. Moreover, the resources regularly evaluate incidents and the reports trend to the Quality Committee, Executive Committee and Audit Committee. In the case of serious incidents, the resources themselves conduct a formal review of the data to reduce safety risk likelihoods. Effectiveness The organisation aims to offer superior quality services to the community that aims to mitigate the community requirements efficiently and effectively (Alfredhealth., 2019). The organisation determine the fact that integrated care is required across boundaries with the purpose of attaining the consistency of care and promote the most suitable degree of care to meet each patients' demand. Appropriateness Page5of21
It has been identified that Alfred Hospital ensures the fact that its medical services are designed for maintaining improvements in individual health outcomes and also the population health elatesstatusby dealing out with resourcesasper the best-practicesmedicalapproaches (Alfredhealth., 2019). The organisation also support a wider range of high-quality health research activity for contributing fresh knowledge to its resources and using their appropriate sills acutely to retain high efficiency in terms of quality and safety. Acceptability Alfred Hospital in the Australian market operates following a business-line method that aims at optimizing efficiency, cost-effectiveness and also ensures a service financial feasibility. The Board members of this organisation are accountable to the Ministers for Health in Australia (Alfredhealth., 2019). The primary role is conducting acceptable governance exercises in terms of attaining outlines objectives framed by Alfred Health’s Strategic Plans. Accessibility The management of the brand also ensures the fact that its framed mechanisms are available all over the places to inform its consumers to protect their rights and also facilitate effective and accessible consultation with the community (Alfredhealth., 2019). Furthermore, Alfred Hospital also carries out suitable safety and quality enhancement activities that are conveniently carried out in connection with the operation of a public health service. Proper calculation is further conducted to maintain process efficiency and accessible service assets. The indicators discussed above are the basis for creating an effective quality framework within an healthcare setup. In this context, it may be observed that these indicators have typical Page6of21
characteristics that may be assessed by the decision makers in order to test their validity in a given context. Some of these characteristics of are briefly narrated as below: Face validity As per the consideration ofGraban (2016), it is important for the indicators to capture the aspect of quality, which is broadly considered important and subject to the provider and maintain control in the public health system. Precision Healy (2016) asserted that the indicators should have the quality of maintaining a substantial amount of community or provider level variation that is effectively attributable in terms of random variation. In other words, the indicators should be precise in terms of service delivery. Minimum bias The indicators need to have impartial aspects in terms of patients’ disease severities and comorbidities. Implementation of proper risk adjustment and statistical method needs to be done to eliminate all forms of bias. Construct validity White et al. (2016) noted that the indicators need to perform well in terms of recognising true quality care problems. The patients might face indifferent issues in terms of medical offered services, the organisation needs to maintain a construct validity of its system and ensure quality services are delivered. Fosters real quality improvement Page7of21
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The indicators within the chosen organisation also require being insulated from perverse incentives for the providers to augment the reported performance by avoiding complex or difficult cases (McFadden et al. 2015). The indicators also need to comprehend the likelihoods of adverse event and also the causes behind the errors and accidents. The key steps of the indicators are to be maintained with regular practices to ensure high excellence in maintaining risk and safety. Application The steps of the indicators are to be converted into the measurable process and then to be applied in the practical system to retain service excellence in terms of quality offerings to the patients (Runciman et al. 2017). Page8of21
3.0 Opportunities and challenges for safety and quality performance reporting The opportunities are detailed below: Improvement in the coding practices With effective coding practice, the chosen hospital would get an adequate scope of reducing and controlling its operating costs.Dixon-Woods & Martin (2016) stated that it has become one of the concerns regarding the confused patient getting trapped between the payer and the provider, havingmajordoubtsregardingthetreatment,diagnosisandbilling.Therefore,Current Procedural Terminology codes are considered as a uniform code, which is generally used in describing the quality medical, diagnostic and surgical services provided by this healthcare provider (Ball et al. 2015). Improvement in data availability For having a fast and appropriate medical coding system to get data available information, AlfredHospitalwouldrequireanexpertteamofAAPC(AmericanAcademyof ProfessionalCoders), the most certified medical coders those carry an in-depth comprehension throughout health-related expertise and compliance requirements.Singh et al. (2016) argued that having an in-house team of effective coding professionals might be sturdy, which might not result in a high ROI. However, on the other side, the hospital system would get more efficient in terms of handling more data and maintaining corrective accuracy, based on which the quality service lines are to be designed for maintaining patient safety (Carthon et al. 2019). Quality feasible screening Page9of21
Performance reporting on regular terms helps an organisation to promote its quality improvement (Rosen et al. 2018). The management enables to maintain a through the track on the performance lines and skill sets developed by each of the determents in terms of helping patients to get cured withrequiredmedicalservices(Johnson&Sollecito,2018).Theperformancereporting effectively helps the management to screen on data sheets and to track the areas that require further attention in terms of quality improvements. Accuracy As perHaas et al. (2018), quality performance reporting also helped Alfred Hospital in terms of controlling its resources behaviours and equivalently their actions as well, that further explains their future performances. Based on the quality performance reports, the management team of the organisation enables to set objectives and targets and objectively way in the attainments of framed goals. In terms of any variances, proper feedback is given, which helps in improving the medical conformity by eliminating discrepancy in performance (Bernard et al. 2018). Therefore, the resources within the system are enabling to comprehend the areas they are failing to maintain standard quality and efforts that can be taken to correct their mistakes. This aspect not only helps the organisation to improve their performance and augment the business methods but also reinforce consistency amongst the employer, subordinates and management (Berwick et al. 2018). The challenges are discussed below: Data overload Advance technology platforms that helped Alfred Organisation in the Australian market to collect adequate real-time and medical data. Also fetch the challenge of data overloading, where Page10of21
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everyinteractionbetweenthetechnologyandusersarerecorded(Boamahetal.2018). Therefore, the chances of maintaining unimportant data are also high herein, thus, the team might have to invest unnecessary time to filter the required data out of the insignificant data sets (Mohr et al. 2018).Hence, to avoid data overload issue, the project team of the organisation requires assessing and have a correct understanding of accurate data to be monitored and analyse at a perfect time intervals. Timelines and integrated feedbacks In the healthcare segment, it is tough to gather and implement feedback from the end users on the basis of usability and acceptability of the implementation prior to its launch and on a continuing source formerly the program has been rolled out. According toDelaney (2018), the planning and application team of the chosen organisation must balance the requirements to improve the quality application system and conduct the implementation process on the basis of users’ feedback with the purpose of moving forward with the quality enhancement intentions. Moreover,van Nunen et al. (2018) determined that setting effective timelines and limit for the response submission and also tempering the demands for capabilities of the solution to evolve or change might help Alfred Hospital to avoid disagreements and delays. Page11of21
4.0 Identification of relevant indicators for the organisation The identification of relevant indicators is as follow: Process indicators Process indicators are defined as the system that directly measures the performance criteria of a healthcare institute's key processes that directly affects patients' expectations. In the opinion of Slade et al. (2018), it can be stated that the process indicator system of Alfred Hospital aims at measuring the degree of the relevance of its ‘good’ health care service offerings. The indicators are generally considered by indication to most excellent practice guidelines or values for particular health-related interventions.Zerillo et al. (2018) stated that in the chosen hospital process indicators are, in reality, relatively susceptible to the dissimilarities in quality than are the outcome measures and it might be easy to construe. It might be prioritised to outcome indicators in which the association between process and outcome can be effectively established Process indicators are efficiently useful in reflecting the aspects through which things are done and also highlight the extent to which guidelines, protocols and standards within the healthcare systems are followed (Henriksen et al. 2018). Thus, following the specific indicators, Alfred Hospital in the Australian market enables to understand the exact effort it needs to maintain or provide in terms of redesigning its service quality lines to ensure a strong safety assurance to its patients. Hence, the process indicators usually reflect the primary drivers related to future outcomes. Moreover,Bridgeman et al. (2018) claimed that it also facilitates the organisations to eliminate data overloading issues and also gather outcome of the overtime processes in terms of medical service offerings. Hence, it can be stated that the process indicators is much easier to measure than the outcome indicators (Kahwati et al. 2019). Using this indicator, the foundation Page12of21
behind an issue can be well recognised, based on which the future solutions can be taken to improve service standards in terms of medical treatments (Berman et al. 2018). Outcome indicators On the other hand,Haugen et al. (2019) determined that outcome indicator is associated with factors like recovery, patients' survival and restoration of functionalities. The relevant instances of the indicators include surgical morality, perinatal mortality and cancer survival. Outcome indicators in the healthcare system generally carry unquestioned validity as a quality and safety dimensions and moreover tend to be consequently amenable and concrete towards the precise measurements. However,Lee et al. (2019) argued that the specific indicators can also create limitations for Alfred Hospital. As it is not always directing the measures of quality and safety of the medical provisions following the method efficiency conducted by process indicators. Another related example provided byProfit et al. (2019), highlights that an expected result of a patient suffering a severe cardiac attack might be a case of survival but the cause behind the patient's survival might be unrelated to the quality and safety of the received healthcare. As a result, it can be stated that outcome measures are often time reported with linked process measures to ensure the consistency and validity of the report. Page13of21
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5.0 Quality and safety balanced scorecard Finance Objectives:To enhance the profit margin of the organisation by 20% in the next two years. Key performance indicators:The capital or monetary resources are to be effectively used to ensure no unnecessary expensed are to be conducted. Both the product and project team of the organisation would be well instructed about the expense to be held for each project. Targets:The accounts department would maintain a through control over the capital that needs to be invested on any given expenditure. Initiatives:The finance team would conduct an initial evaluation of the investment that needs to be made in the future.The unnecessary expenses would be eliminated and the figure would be used in aspects that can ensure high value and guarantee Customer Objectives:The patients are to be given effect and desired medical services.Alfred Hospital needs to enhance its customers’ trust with regards to the medical services offered in the upcoming future. Safety measures are to be enhanced and so as the quality of offered medical service lines as well. Key performance indicators:The performances of every department would be tracked and recorded on regular basis. Each resource is instructed to maintain a tracking sheet of their performance and forward into the data management team to track the degree of process efficacy. Page14of21
Targets:To increase the customer base by more 20% in the upcoming year; To retain the confidence of its patients in terms of offered service and safety assurance.Thefamily members of the patients are also given a feedback form in terms of stating their desired service and rate the potential of offered service lines. Initiatives:Patients would be offered with unbiased treatments. Correct data management practices would be held following corrective process indicators so that the areas that require future development can be well addressed and supported with required needs in terms of quality enhancement. Internal Process Objectives:The administrative team needs to pay effective attention to the performance criteria of every department. A regular audit is to be conducted thoroughly to determine the quality of service standards offered to meet the patient’s medical requirements. The quality assurance factors are to be enhanced by maintaining perfect coordination with the quality team. Key performance indicators:The performance records or data needs to be thoroughly scrutinised by the management of the organisation to understand the potential of existing quality in terms of ensuring high safety. Targets:By the next two years down the line the organisation is expecting to enhance its quality standards by more 15%.The skill sets of the resources would be improved with more refined medical knowledge. Every minute detail of each patient would be tracked and maintained in the data management system to maintain a correct history. Initiatives:Implementation of advanced technology is to done in the system to maintain data accuracy of the patients and quality based records.A frequent engagement session is to Page15of21
be conducted with every department by the quality audit team to help each resource understand the quality management performance in can conduct with their given tasks. Learning Objectives:Improving the skill sets of the resources; Polishing the expertise and service- based knowledge of every department; Frequent training is to be conducted that can help the employees understand the quality check that needs to be maintained with their every word. Key performance indicators:Every department is to be assigned with short team goals that need to be followed to ensure high-quality performance. Frequent demo sessions are to be conducted as a real-time experience that can help the team to understand the effort needs to be made in terms of uncertain situations. Targets:To develop a team of well-motivated members by next two years down the line; Reducing employee turnover rates and helping them to identify the actual effort to be made within the organization for quality assurance and retaining safety standards for patients. Initiatives:Aregularlearninganddevelopmentsessionwouldbeconductedforthe employees of all levels to understand the quality standards the management is aiming to maintain in the future;The interactive session would be conducted in the learning and development session, where employees can raise questions regarding their doubts and clarify themprecisely;Aspeciallearningofadevelopmentalsessionwouldbeconducted highlighting the hygiene factors that need to be maintained within the institution. Page16of21
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6.0 Conclusion Based on the discussion and analysis performed in the preceding sections of the report, it may be considered that the researcher has arrived at a concluding statement that underscores the fact that quality and safety maintenance in every healthcare institution has become the most integral part to fit future survival. The above discussions also highlight the fact that with the passage of time, patients are getting more conscious about the service standards maintained by healthcare institutes and prioritise investing their finance on institutes that ensure high quality and safety assurance. Similar had been the case with Alfred Hospital in the Australian market, where the management of the brand had to emphasis explicitly on the quality standards through which the safety assurance of patients are well maintained and improved. The balanced scorecard defined in the above statement well underscores the aspects in terms of financial, customer, internal process and the learning and developmental efforts the organisation needs to consider in the future ensuring its operation consistency. The organisation needs to focus on process indicators than outcome indicators to well identify the areas or efforts that need to be maintained in the future time to provide standard quality service assurance to its patientsalongside safety standards. Finally, it may be concluded that a well-designed quality and safety benchmark policy coupled with the strong management and control environment will significantly contribute towards the attainment of organisational goal of sustainability in the long-run in most optimum and cost and time efficient manner. Page17of21
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