Prevention and Control of Periodontal Disease: Support and Methods

DN8.

TASK 1 ORAL DISEASE.
1. Describe plaque and its constituents
Ans. Plague is generally a sticky, pale yellow and a colourless firm which is constantly forming in the teeth. In this, when food, saliva and the
fluids can collaboratively combine to form plague, that is some bacteria usually forms within teeth and the gum line in an individual. It is not a
food for bacteria instead of it is made up of bacteria (WHAT IS PLAQUE? 2021). it is generally forming on the teeth after 4 to 12 hours of
brushing and that is why it is quite essential for people to brush more thoroughly twice in a day as well as clean within them once regularly. In
addition to this, it can cause various well-being problems such as it can effectively contribute towards bad breath as well as can make the teeth
look more yellow and dingy. The bacteria in the plague can effectively produce acids which can attack on the cavities of the tooth enamel. The
bacterial plague can cause the super early events of gum illness often known as gingivitis that is an inflammation as well as infection of gums.
The inflammation of gums can be left untreated then it can effectively progress towards the periodontitis (inflammation of gums) that is loss of
bones that are present around teeth as well as may even lead towards loss of teeth's. Furthermore, an inflammatory illness doesn't only stay in
mouth but it can burden the whole systematic well-being. Moreover, the plague on the teeth's can cause Gingivitis and cavities ( Ibrahim and
Moussa, 2021). In addition to this, there are the sediments that involves slight capability to concentrate calcium, plague is able to concentrate
calcium, inorganic phosphate, sodium and potassium to moderately a marked degree.
2. Identify the methods for controlling plaque
Ans. The methods that can effectively control the plague that are as mentioned below:
 interdental cleaning and brushing can prevent and are quite effective in eliminating an oral biofilm on the teeth in an individual.
 The other methods such as using the oral well-being products, particularly the mouth rinses can contain the specific agents for controlling
the chemical plague that can lead to an enhancement in gingival bleeding, an inflammation and plague indices ( Chemical and
Mechanical Plaque Control: Your Patients with Gingivitis May Need Both, 2021).
3. Describe the aetiology of caries.
Ans. The dental caries is generally one of the most common microbe mediated oral illness in humans. An aetiology is specifically based on
the four factors which can involve oral environment, oral micro-organisms, time and host. In this, an excessive exposure of the dietary

carbohydrates can specifically lead to an accumulation of micro-organism which produce producing and are resistant in the human mouth. The
dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of dental biofilm that are adherent to the enamel surface (Microbial Etiology and Prevention of Dental
Caries: Exploiting Natural Products to Inhibit Cariogenic Biofilms, 2020). In this, an oral micro-biome can impact over the formation of
dental caries, containing many host components such as saliva, teeth that can also make impact on the improvement of caries, generally leading
towards an illness which tends to be chronic as well as slow advanced. In this, the dental biofilm is quite essential factor in the aetiology of
dental caries. In this, the complexity of matrix, the transfer of resistance gene and the physical protection given by the extracellular polymers are
specifically the developing risk components for caries. In this, the controlling biofilms are the key factors in order to prevent the decay of tooth's
(Fereig et. al., 2021).

4. Describe the aetiology of Periodontal disease.
Illustration 1: process of caries in association with diet.