(Solved) Person-Centred Assessment

PERSON-CENTRED
ASSESSMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
CRITICAL REFLECTION ON DISCUSSION..............................................................................2
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE...............................................................2
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
APPENDIX 1: Scenario...................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX 2: Review of Literature...............................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The present healthcare system is consistently undergoing changes in order to make it
better than it is at present. However, there are a number of modes of care provided by healthcare
facilities at present. Among them is person-centred care. Person-centred care is centred around
treating an individual like a person, rather than a patient. This sort of care focuses on discussing
the need for an individual. This includes physical activities in old age and also highlighting the
improvement of mental health in a home care setting (Eaton, Roberts, & Turner, 2015). It is a
form of care which concentrate on the patient as a person since the subordinate principle of
person-centred passement is person-hood. The practices of psychiatry are particularly relayed to
persons and their focus is to lessen down the level of anxiety of patients (Koren, 2010). Person-
centred assessment is about making the patient the centre of health care facilities. The physical
and psychological needs of the patients are in focus and the patient is involved in the entire
decision-making process. The assessment focuses on primary care of the patient by effectively
communicating the intricacies of the treatment with the patient under consideration. However, in
the case of mental health care, person-centred care can be provided by respecting the unique
needs of the patient. It can be customized on the basis of the needs of a patient and provide them
with the care that improves the chances of recovery (Ekman et al., 2011).
This assessment will focus on person centered care for aged people. This will be done by
dong a brief discussion of a patient Marie, a 68 years old women who is suffering from mental
health issues, such as depression, before she suffered from physical ailments on any kind.
However, it is necessary that the patient’s mental health be improved, before we get to her
physical health, which is just an as important aspect of the patient’s well-being. Following her
mental health, we will focus on improving her diet and working on her mobility. Person-centred
care puts the patient and their wishes first. This form of care is especially important while
dealing with the elderly, as they will get the care that is customized to their needs Edvardsson &
Innes, 2010). Thus, this essay seeks to address the needs of an older person, the problems they
may have had to go through, assess their needs and rehabilitate them into society. Various
person-centred care methods and ways will be discussed which will help the patient in getting
used to things and overcome her depression as well as move forward in her life. Thus, the person
centred care discussed in this assessment revolves around the task-centric and goal-oriented
activities which are put in place to empathise with and truly understand the patient’s experience
1

(Molony, Kolanowski, Van Haitsma, & Rooney, 2018). It values participation and motivates
such individuals to interact with other individuals and learning what it means to be human.
CRITICAL REFLECTION ON DISCUSSION
Patient led an active life as a teenager. With time, she remained active, however her
activities and the frequency of these activities changed with time. She got to spend some of the
best years of her life with her husband. My grandmother was also able to identify things that
have had a negative impact on her health. This includes things like the lack of appetite, drinking,
physical activity and an increasing rate of sugar and blood pressure. My grandmother revealed
that she was suffering from mental health issues after her husband's death and needed someone
to understand her. She was missing her husband and thus she has lost her will to live. Her reason
to lock herself away from everyone and refuse to eat, which resulted in health issues like high
blood pressure and raised in sugar level is a typical sign among those suffering from depression.
Add in the lack of exercise and the active lifestyle that her body was used to, her mobility issues
and the presence of osteoarthritis also makes complete sense.
She was in a need of person-centred care, so that she can be treated for depression in a
healthy and professional matter. This would give her the chance to keep her depressing thoughts
at bay while giving her a constant source of communication and help her talk her feelings out
and take her mind off of things. Through person-centred care, activities can also be created for
my grandmother to help increase her mobility and return her to the active lifestyle she once
lived. However, person-centred care would also give her the autonomy to make up her mind
regarding the sort of treatment that would suit her. Additionally, it gives her the preference
regarding care and the emotional support that she needs as well, in regard to her diet plan and
physical assistance of any kind. Main issues for which she needed person centred care was her
continuous degrading health because of high blood pressure and raised sugar level and second is
her depression and lost will to live.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE
There are various kinds of person centred care method that can be used to enable an
individual to reach person-hood, where he or she can be responsible for one’s own wellbeing and
life. The person-hood can be maintained by nurturing the relationship and this will help to get rid
of anxiety and depression (Landi et al., 2012). There are various kinds of principles involved in
person-centred assessment such as: respect for values held by a patient, followed by their
2

preferences, their values and their needs in life. It further includes coordination and integration of
care, education, and information into their lives, along with emotional support and physical
comfort. These individuals need to be surrounded by friends and family and require a constant
transition between all the mentioned principles to get better and become a part of society
(OneView, 2015).
Various kinds of studies reveal that physical activities have a very huge impact on the
mental health of a person. These activities can be used to treat patients condition in a better
manner. People with depression are not physically active but tends to have a detrimental impact
on their health and wellbeing. Various kinds of physical activities and training can be used to
treat acute anxiety response which may lead to a psychological improvement in an elderly person
(Crandall, White, Schuldheis, & Talerico, 2007). The studies have shown great benefits of
exercise on the health of an elderly person and they are most of the time able to control their
anxiety with the help of physical movements (Uhlmann, Pizarro, & Diermeier, 2015).
It has been examined in various studies that clinical needs do not play an important role
in fulfilling the mental health needs of an individual, but respect, love, and communication do
have the desired effect (Grabowski et al., 2014). As the psychiatrists in the past have been
criticised for concentrating on categories of disorders that are more dehumanising than actually
helping people, people need to focus on better communication rather than finding a cure for
illnesses. People need someone to come up to them and ask them about their personal story and
what they are going through instead of clinical prescriptions to manipulate their feelings
(Entwistle & Watt, 2013).
In order to treat and address patient’s physical ailments, such as high blood pressure,
diabetes, and osteoarthritis, the patient needs proper home-based care facilities, exclusive to
elderly patients. Many different treatment options can be given to the patient at home that will
help her improve her health and have a prosperous life (Shier, Khodyakov, Cohen, Zimmerman,
& Saliba, 2014). Home based person centred care can also be given to the patients as it is quite
economical and more effective for patients. Moreover, it is one of the principals of the Person
care system to include families of the patient bin the treatment process thus home care facilities
will be able to educate the patient's families to help to get out of their difficult time (Koren,
2010).
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Home healthcare services can be a good step before hospitalisation and must be planned
in an individual manner or consist of packages that will help the elderly to cope with their needs
at home (Brownie & Nancarrow, 2013). To appropriately apply and promote person-centred care
through the confines of one’s own home, it is essential that the patient should be open to self-
comfort. They need to accept the experiences they have gone through and age in an appropriate
manner. Furthermore, engaging with the patient can also help an individual adapt to the process
of home care. It can eventually help them communicate with people, socialise and enjoy the
active lifestyle they once did. Furthermore, the family members of individuals being subjected to
home care are to encourage them and be supportive where necessary (Kogan, Wilber, &
Mosqueda, 2016).
DISCUSSION
The health care approaches can be implemented with the help of a nurse, psychiatrist, and
physician at home. The patient is central to the entire treatment process and the physical
activities of the patient should be increased in an appropriate manner in order to address the issue
with the patient’s anxiety and mobility. There are few things that should be taken care of in order
to improve patients health such as good communication, active lifestyle and a healthy diet can
minimise the physical and mental issue of the patient the multidisciplinary care team. Main
people involved in this person centred care are community nurse to educate the patient on
keeping her diabetes in check, a physiotherapist to assist with her mobility and a dietitian to aid
with her care, and psychiatric care to assist the patient with her depression and provide emotional
support.
Ultimately, it is recommended that the team of caretakers should involve the patient in more and
more physical activities, encourage her to look after her diet and practice care. The best practice
for her, with regard to person-centred care system, is to involve her in the decision-making
process and educating her about her condition.
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it has been summarised that elderly individuals require more
care and attention than other patients. This is mainly because all elder people have different
requirements and needs. Marie who is a 68 years old women was quite active when she was a
teenager and has spend her best time of her life with her husband. But after death of her husband
her priorities changed and she lacked appetite, drinking, physical activity and due to which her
4

sugar level and blood pressure increased. After her husband's death she was suffering from
depression and had lost all hopes to live.
Services that are good for the patient and can be used to improve her health are:
 Good understanding of this person centred care can help Marie to improve her condition
through proper care delivery.
 Person-centred care can help her in obtaining access to quality healthcare, overcoming
depression factors and improving her health condition as well.
 There are various services that can be used to improve her health condition like mental
and physical health of the patient being discussed can be improved with the help of
home-based health care facilities.
 With the help of various kinds of physical activities, Marie can overcome her depression
as well.
5

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Brownie, S., & Nancarrow, S. (2013). Effects of person-centered care on residents and staff in
aged-care facilities: A systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 1.
Crandall, L. G., White, D. L., Schuldheis, S., & Talerico, K. A. (2007). Initiating person-
centered care practices in long-term care facilities. Journal of Gerontological Nursing,
33(11), 47–56.
Eaton, S., Roberts, S., & Turner, B. (2015). Delivering person centred care in long term
conditions. Bmj, 350, h181.
Edvardsson, D., & Innes, A. (2010). Measuring person-centered care: A critical comparative
review of published tools. The Gerontologist, 50(6), 834–846.
Ekman, I., Swedberg, K., Taft, C., Lindseth, A., Norberg, A., Brink, E., … Kjellgren, K. (2011).
Person-centered care—Ready for prime time. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 10(4), 248–251.
Entwistle, V. A., & Watt, I. S. (2013). Treating Patients as Persons: A Capabilities Approach to
Support Delivery of Person-Centered Care. The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(8),
29–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2013.802060
Grabowski, D. C., O’Malley, A. J., Afendulis, C. C., Caudry, D. J., Elliot, A., & Zimmerman, S.
(2014). Culture change and nursing home quality of care. The Gerontologist,
54(Suppl_1), S35–S45.
Kogan, A. C., Wilber, K., & Mosqueda, L. (2016). Person‐centered care for older adults with
chronic conditions and functional impairment: A systematic literature review. Journal of
the American Geriatrics Society, 64(1), e1–e7.
Koren, M. J. (2010). Person-centered care for nursing home residents: The culture-change
movement. Health Affairs, 29(2), 312–317.
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Fusco, D., Mastropaolo, S., Quattrociocchi, D., Proia, A., … Onder, G.
(2012). Sarcopenia and mortality among older nursing home residents. Journal of the
American Medical Directors Association, 13(2), 121–126.
Molony, S. L., Kolanowski, A., Van Haitsma, K., & Rooney, K. E. (2018). Person-centered
assessment and care planning. The Gerontologist, 58(suppl_1), S32–S47.
Shier, V., Khodyakov, D., Cohen, L. W., Zimmerman, S., & Saliba, D. (2014). What does the
evidence really say about culture change in nursing homes? The Gerontologist,
54(Suppl_1), S6–S16.
Uhlmann, E. L., Pizarro, D. A., & Diermeier, D. (2015). A person-centered approach to moral
judgment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(1), 72–81.
Online
One View, 2015, The Eight Principles of Person-centred Care, viewed 14 August 2018,
<https://www.oneviewhealthcare.com/the-eight-principles-of-patient-centered-care/>.
6

APPENDIX 1: Scenario
I recently got a chance to interview my grandmother. She is in her late sixties was in
town to celebrate my parent’s wedding anniversary. Upon questioning, she told me that she led
an active life as a teenager. With time, she remained active, however her activities and the
frequency of these activities changed with time. She told me that used to be a tennis player and
continued to play as a hobby even after her marriage to my grandfather. Both lived an active,
happy and healthy life. My grandmother mentioned that she smoked and drank socially but
wasn’t addicted to either of those substances. She lost my grandfather when my mother was still
in college. She mentioned that the years that she got to spend with him were some of the best
years of her life.
She mentioned that they were “kindred spirits” and she had a hard time getting used to a
world where he no longer existed. Both my grandparents lived a healthy lifestyle. They ate well,
they went on walks and visited friends and family. They even loved to travel. However, when
my grandfather died, my grandmother said that she had lost her will to live. His death left her
depressed for years. She stopped eating writer, working out and even stayed confined to her
home. She even started suffering from panic attacks and wouldn’t allow anyone near herself for
quite some time. During this time, she began to suffer from a number of physical ailments as
well. It included joint problems, high blood pressure, and even issues with her mobility.
However, various doctors concluded that the issue centred around her depression and her
inability to control her emotions. They put her on a strict diet regime, exercise and prescription
medication to ensure that she gets better with time.
The visits from family members have helped rehabilitate my grandmother and made her
feel a lot better. She is still not in the clear. However, she feels better and better every day.
7

APPENDIX 2: Review of Literature
S.No Authors Study design Sample Intervention Findings Implications
List authors
according to
the UTS
Referencing
Policy (Harvard
Style)
E.g.,
Randomised
controlled
trial, cohort
study,
descriptive,
non
randomised
trials etc
E.g.,
Sample
description
(number of
participants
, age,
gender
etc),
inclusion
and
exclusion
criteria
What did the
study do and
why did they
choose this
approach?
What did the
study find
following
their
intervention?
What evidence
does this study
provide to
inform and
support your
care planning
for this older
person?
1 Board, M.
McCormack, B.
Oxon, P.
Qualitative The
participants
were listed
through the
means of
snowball
sampling.
This was
explained by
The
participants in
the study were
asked to
present a
photograph
that reminded
them of home.
They were
In this
aspect, the
capacity to
have a
choice and
how the
participants
lived their
lives was
This study was
used to
reinforce the
meaning of
home and
allowed
individuals to
emphasize the
understanding

Holloway &
Wheeler
(2010).
asked to
interpret what
it means to
them and have
it recorded
through an
interview. This
furthers an
individual’s
understanding
of the matter.
important to
understand
what home
in their
perspective
is. This
includes the
environment
they call
home and
the things
that remind
them of
home.
which could be
termed as
home.
2
Molony, S.
Kolanowski, A.
Haitsma, K.
Rooney, K.
Research
Literature
Person-
centred
assessment
, care
planning
This research
focused on
person-centred
care, it's
assessment and
planning for
individuals
suffering from
dementia and
their family
For the
purpose of
research,
clinical trials
were seen as
rather
effective.
However, the
presence of
Further
research on
the subject is
needed to
ensure that
the
assessment
process is
given due

members. It
sought to
understand the
role played by
cognition,
neuropsychiatric
and behavioural
symptoms, and
medication to
assess the sort
of care required
by the patient.
certain
barriers by
the
organisation
prevented
the
placement of
effective
strategies for
care.
diligence.
Furthermore,
factors that
add to an
individual’s
wellbeing and
forges positive
relationships is
required.
3 Eaton S.,
Roberts S.,
Turner B.
Review and
Analysis
Review of
healthcare
facilities
that
provide
person-
centred
care,
especially
to elderly
patients.
They choose to
study the
effect of
person-centred
care in elderly
patients, how
healthcare
facilities
delivered the
said care and
how this care
improves their
The review
discusses the
challenges
and issues
faced by
individuals
and
healthcare
professionals
that deliver
such care,
especially
It shows that
person-centred
care is a good
means to look
after the
elderly and
can help them
especially in
case of the
long-term
medical
condition.

quality of life. with regard
to patients
with long
term care, as
it has the
potential to
transform
lives.
4 Kogan AC.,
Wilber K.,
Mosqueda L.
Systematic
Literature
Review
For the
purpose of
review,
around
3000
articles
published
between
the year
1990 to
2014 about
person-
centred
care
among
This literature
review was
conducted with
the aim to
explore the
extant
scholarship
with regard to
person-centred
care for older
adults, along
with an
assessment of
corresponding
definitions of
According to
the review,
around 15
descriptions
of person-
centred care
was
obtained.
These
addressed 17
central
principles on
the subject
and proved
that the
The multiple
definitions
obtained on
the subject
benefit the
field by
forming a
consensus of
sorts, along
with a list of
essential
elements that
would clarify
how to work
with a person-

older adults
were
identified
and
analysed.
person-centred
care.
person-
centred care
is an area of
growing
interest.
centred care
mediated
approach to
healthcare.
5
Koren, MJ. Qualitative
Research
Cultural
change
movement
which in
applicable
to nursing
homes
alone with
the recent
integration
of person-
centred
care.
To gauge the
legal,
legislative and
policy shift
required to
change to
system of
nursing homes
into one that
supports
person-centred
care.
To provide
the residents
with
direction and
home-like
atmosphere
to get better
in an
environment
that
promotes
their growth
and
wellbeing.
The efforts
made with
regard to this
paper will
bring
awareness to
the culture
change
movement and
work within
the state
designated
initiatives to
bring change.
6 Ekman I,
Swedberg K,
Taft C,
Lindseth A,
Qualitative
Research
For the
purpose of
analysis,
older adults
This approach
was chosen by
healthcare
professionals
To provide
patients with
effective
person-
If the stated
efforts are
applied in a
conscientiousl

Norberg A,
Brink E,
Carlsson J,
Dahlin-Ivanoff
S, Johansson
IL, Kjellgren K,
Lidén E, Öhlén
J, Olsson LE,
Rosén H,
Rydmark M,
Sunnerhagen
KS.
were used
as the
sample
population
for study.
to see the
challenges
faced by
patients with
regard to
person-centred
care.
centred care,
the sort of
care that
they have be
provided
should be
self-initiated,
integrated
into the
morals of
society and
safeguarded
by the
people.
y and
systematic
manner,
making
person-centred
care the go-to
method of
dealing with
long-term
illness.