Challenges and Solutions in Full Duplex Communication Systems

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
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Introduction
There has to be further development and expansion on the spectra efficiency to aid in meeting
the expected delivery of ever increasing data rates by the communication networks. In as much
as some advanced methods including multiple-input-multiple output and orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing have been established as reliable solutions to the ever increasing spectral
effect of network, systems of wireless communication that are currently operations are still not
able to adequately meet above mentioned conditions since the systems of today often utilize
devices which use frequency division duplex or time-division duplex for transmission as well as
signal reception thus in normal practice just half duplex operation have been used resulting in
deterioration of utilization of resources (Arachchillage et al., 2018).
Compensation of the drawback of the half-duplex systems can be attained trough full duplex
operation which is capable of enhancing the attainable spectral frequency of wireless
communication systems through avoidance of the use of two channels that are independent for
bi-directional end-to-end transmission which is inherent in traditions held duplex workings.
Most of achievements of the current research have illustrated feasibility of full duplex
transmissions in real life systems. For instance, certain rudimentary full duplex devices that are
can transmit and receive all time in the whole bandwidth have been suggested (Chalise, Li and
Ma, 2019). Still, with tremendous rise in full duplex methods, the commercial full duplex
platforms have extensively been established by the various investigative organizations. A good
number of them came up with open wireless fidelity for instance platforms working at 2.4 GHz
having bandwidth ranging between 20 MHz and 80 MHz
Benefits of FD Mode
Throughput gain: The throughput of full duplex for single hop wireless link in physical layer is
almost twice that of a half-duplex mode.
Avoidance of collision: Every half duplex is needed to check quality of channel prior to it being
used in the conventional carrier sense multiple accesses with avoidance of collision. The full
duplex nevertheless only requires first node which kicks off transmission to detect the channel
that is necessary for preventing collision at the full duplex nodes which do not carry out carrier
sensing (Gringoli et al., 2018).
Solution of hidden terminal challenge: The challenge of hidden terminals may be solved through
use of full duplex methods. Taking into consideration a case of numerous nodes which has their
data within their buffer for direct transmission to as well as reception from common access point
Lowering congestion using MAC scheduling: The potential loss in throughput as a result of
congestion may be circumvented through enabling full duplex working in congested nodes. For
example, in topology of general star linked using (2n+1) nodes, nodes 1 to n may try
transmitting the data to the nodes (n+1) to 2n, in that order, via node 0 (Zhao et al., 2017).
Hence the cumulative network throughput tends to be low at 1/n even in case conventional half
duplex MAC scheduling is carried out (Javaid et al., 2018). With aid of full duplex, node 0 is can
transmit as well as receive at same time thus aggregate network throughput may approach
capacity of single-link even while at the same time enjoying the benefit of gain in spatial varsity.
Challenges of FD
The aim of full duplex radio is to receive and transmits at the same tome with the same band of
frequency where a full duplex node receives the signal of interests as well as signal that it
transmits that makes up the SI levied on the RAs. As the SI strength in noted full duplex devices