Personal Hygiene Practices and Health

The provided assignment is a comprehensive review of personal hygiene practices and their significance in various settings, including schools, communities, and healthcare facilities. It explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to personal hygiene among different populations, such as adolescent girls, school children, and pregnant women. The assignment also touches on the importance of personal hygiene for students' health and well-being, highlighting its relevance in academic and professional settings.

Research Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL & SHORT LITERATURE REVIEW..........................1
1.1 Research project outline........................................................................................................1
1.2 factors which assists in research project selection................................................................3
1.4 Research report specification................................................................................................3
1.5 Research plan and procedure................................................................................................3
.....................................................................................................................................................5
.....................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Matching resources with research questions.........................................................................5
1.3 literature review....................................................................................................................5
Importance of personal hygiene.............................................................................................5
Contribution of hygiene factors in upliftment state of health of an individual......................6
Challenges encountered by individual during maintenance of personal hygiene..................6
Relationship between personal hygiene and healthcare sector...............................................7
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DIARY................................................................................................7
2.2 Research Investigation..........................................................................................................7
2.3 Recording and reflection of relevant data.............................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................9
3.1 use of evaluation techniques.................................................................................................9
3.2 Interpretation and analysis of data & Recommendations...................................................10
Conclusion............................................................................................................................18
Recommendation..................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4: PEER-TO-PEER VIVA..........................................................................................19
Covered in PPT.........................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION
It has been identified that personal hygiene carries an impact upon quality of life and
longevity of an individual. It is referred to an approach which aims at maintenance of cleanliness
and grooming among an individual. The importance of personal hygiene have been known since
generations. The organisation which are carrying out its operations in health and social sector are
emphasizing on this approach as it leads to lesser vulnerability of diseases and infections which
are persistent in society. It can be referred to a measure through which toxins are flushed out of
the body. The approaches and measures relating to the personal hygiene are mostly introduced
by parents during his childhood. Personal hygiene undertakes cleaning of body so that there is no
odour and an person looks presentable. This feature not only impacts the immune system of a
person but also helps with the self-esteem to an individual (Ababio and Adi, 2012). The amount
of work which is carried out makes it essential to flush out toxins so that major body functions
are carried out in the desired manner. A body of an individual is complex as some areas are not
as sweaty as other therefore it is very important to keep track of the same so that hygiene of a
person could be maintained. This research focuses on concept of personal hygiene and manner in
which it influences a communities and institution which involves around it.
CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL & SHORT LITERATURE
REVIEW
1.1 Research project outline
Research is carried out with an view to solve existing problems with the organisation. To
achieve the same it is essential to for research to follow the format in the ideal manner so that
better results could be achieved. This research is based on with an aim, “To identify the
effectiveness of personal hygiene on health and social care sector. A case study on NHS.”
Personal hygiene is a concept which is not recent but have been emphasized in the best
possible manner due to the benefits which are achieved by them. It is essential for organisations
dealing in health and social care segment to popularise that so that upcoming generations are
able to counter with disease and infections which are spreading in the environment. It is essential
to keep environment and self clean so that good hygiene is maintained. In this research, a scholar
makes attempt to identify effectiveness of maintaining personal hygiene for communities in the
United Kingdom. This research report includes initiatives and actions which are carried out
national healthcare organisation so that people could be made aware about it along with
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minimizing instances of infections and illnesses during their lives. The framework which helps in
better understanding of the topic is taken into consideration. This undertaken healthcare
organisation i.e. NHS attempts to uplift status of health of people living in the United Kingdom.
This report provides with aims, objectives and theme on which this study will be based. The
theme of this project is, “To identify the effectiveness of personal hygiene on health and social
care sector. A case study on NHS.” This theme is undertaken so that level of self consciousness
of people could be identified and measures which could help in uplifting state of hygiene of
target audience could be carried out. National health service is an organisation owned and
managed by the government which is responsible for provision of cost-effective healthcare
services to people. The various other works which has been carried out relates to allocation of
resources and overseeing of status of healthcare system in the country.
Aim: Aims are defined to be the target which are intended to be achieved in a specified
period of time. The aims which has been established for this report provides a framework
through which objectives of this research report are fulfilled. This research report aims, “To
identify the effectiveness of personal hygiene on health and social care sector. A case study on
NHS.”
Objectives: The objectives of this report describes the actions will be undertaken so that
aims could be attained. They needs to be feasible so that accurate use of concepts and approaches
could be undertaken. The major objectives with this research project are as follows:
Objectives:
 To identify the importance of self hygiene on overall society
 To determine the hygiene factors which contribute in upliftment state of health of an
individual
 To identify the challenges encountered by individuals maintenance of personal hygiene
 To identify relationship between personal hygiene and health and social care sector
Research questions: These are referred to core part of the research as answering them
will assist in identifying solutions to the problems. The research questions will be able to
determine concepts and methodologies which will be employed in identifying results to the
problem. They are responsible in contributing through knowledge and value to field of study.
The major research questions which are undertaken in this research report are as follows:
 What is the importance of personal hygiene upon society?
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 How hygiene factors contribute to the upliftment state of health of an individual?
 What are the major challenges encountered by individual maintenance of personal
hygiene?
 What is the relationship between personal hygiene and healthcare sector?
1.2 factors which assists in research project selection
This is considered to be a crucial part of the study in which there are numerous factors
involve which leads to carrying out of a study in the right manner. The motive behind this study
is to identify what are the impact of hygiene upon life of an individual along with its impact upon
the society. The national health service aims to identify measures through which status of health
could be uplifted. The major tools which are employed in this case study are data collected
through primary and secondary sources along with assistance from technological approaches.
1.4 Research report specification
This segment of the research undertakes aims and objectives which are necessary for
successful completion of research. The aims and objectives also assist in forming hypothesis so
that results which are gained are appropriate in nature. There are referred to as predicted
statement which are formed prior to research so that actual results can be matched to formulated
hypothesis. There is an wider scope of this research due as concepts and theories of personal
hygiene are pretty common and are often practised by mostly all the individuals.
The specifications of the project are to be kept in mind so that they can be successfully
implemented to the work which will be carried out national healthcare service. The resolutions
which are identified with the help of this study will be further undertaken so that measures for
improvement could be identified. The objectives which are formed for this study will be
analysed thoroughly so that better outcomes are availed.
1.5 Research plan and procedure
Planning is extremely crucial while carrying out a research, this will help in allotting each
and every activity with suitable time which will further lead to goal attainment. Planning of
activities and procedure which are to be undertaken assures that project specification and outline
are fulfilled in the desired manner. In this research, Gantt chart is deployed so that activities are
allotted with time and progress of the object is measured in the desired manner. It also assits in
laying down a framework which is to be followed by scholar so that activities which are essential
are to be fulfilled in provided time.
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2.1 Matching resources with research questions
The research questions which are undertaken in this study will be attempted to resolve during the
research. The questions which have merged during this research are as follows:
 What is the importance of personal hygiene upon society?
 How hygiene factors contribute to the upliftment state of health of an individual?
 What are the major challenges encountered by individual during maintenance of personal
hygiene?
 What is the relationship between personal hygiene and healthcare sector?
1.3 literature review
Importance of personal hygiene
Personal hygiene is a necessary part of healthy life. It starts from brushing teeth, taking
shower, wear clean clothes, washing hands, cooking foods and more so, it never finishes till we
asleep. A person should keep himself clean and hygiene in order to keep away from diseases.
Living unhygienic may cause several allergic diseases like infection in vagina, ear and throat
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infections, eyes irritation etc. Therefore, in order to preserve an individual, nearer or dearer ones,
a person should possess knowledges of personal hygiene. It is practice which leads to
cleanliness. Being a good citizen, people should concerns on how to interact with others. People
must be well groomed by societies if they maintain good hygiene. Accumulated sweats,
unwashed hands, dirty teeth are some poor signs that produce negative image of a person in
society. Such type of are not welcomed everywhere as well as avoid by others from being
friends. According to Cemek and et. al., (2016) 'Good Personal Hygiene increases relationship,
prosperity and respect of an individual among others”. It develop confidence level and positivity
in such type of persons.
Contribution of hygiene factors in upliftment state of health of an individual
It is essential for an individual to maintain personal hygiene due to its benefits in the
personal, social and psychological benefits. It can be said that a person who is known to maintain
ideal level of personal hygiene can definitely uplift its status in the society. The first major
impact which can be ascertained is on the image of an individual. Individual who were suffering
from low self-esteem and confidence will experience a boost in these domains. The children and
adults are influenced by body image to a greater extent which could be catered by personal
hygiene. Another areas which is emphasized is social status of an individual. The presentable and
clean body will definitely project a positive image of individual in the society. For children it is
referred to be a major approach though which bullied treatment of person could be improved.
Most importantly personal hygiene of an individual can definitely improve status of health which
would prevent spreading of diseases and infections (Raychaudhuri and Mandal, 2012). Therefore
it can be ascertained from this review that all these factor in an combined assist in uplifting state
of an individual.
Challenges encountered by individual during maintenance of personal hygiene
There are many potential barriers which encountered by a person in developing and
implementing sanitation and hygiene policies (Koch and et. al., 2013). In developing countries,
lack of knowledges regarding sanitation like its importance, way of applying, harmful problems
if not keeping own and surrounding clean, etc. Demands and needs or local or remote rural areas
are still unknown, thus, making an agenda to keep a society clean becomes more difficult. With
this context, mutual incomprehension among minds of different people is also a challenge. Some
of them make arguments that keeping surrounding clean is responsibility of persons who are
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living over there, while others said its a part of government's role. Arrangements of proper
drainage and sewage system, removing excreta of living beings, etc. needs funds. Lack of
coordination between public or private organisation who are working to provide sanitation for
making healthy environment is also a major problem (Ifeadike and et. al., 2014). Apart from this,
lack of political and budgetary priorities, deficiency of human and technical capacity at a
decentralised level are some causes for unhygienic conditions of an era. In addition to this, due to
less number of service providers in UK, this country also facing such type of challenges in
implementation of sanitary process in societies.
Relationship between personal hygiene and healthcare sector
According to Han, Hong and Kim, (2012) it can be said that there is an direct relation
between personal hygiene and healthcare sector. It is defined to be a major necessities of life.
The people who are employed in healthcare organisation are known to emphasized upon
personal hygiene. The reason for the same is that maintenance of personal hygiene helps in
forming a healthy environment within institution which makes it more presentable and
welcoming. The another major reason for which national healthcare services is promoting
personal hygiene is that it reduces probability of a person being ill or infected with a disease. The
rise in the health status is appreciated by the healthcare organisation operating at a national level.
Personal hygiene finds its relevance at the community level as well. The establishment such as
health centres and hospitals and national level institution emphasize on personal hygiene due to
its relevance to the community as well (Motakpalli and et. al., 2013). The government is
providing fresh drinking water, waste disposal system along with supplementation of vitamins
and minerals so that deficiency of an individual are fulfilled along with attainment of ideal
health.
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DIARY
2.2 Research Investigation
The major type of research methodologies which is undertaken in this study is qualitative
measures. The qualitative investigation helps in obtaining and understanding information which
is not described in numerical form. The information which is obtained will be evaluated on
qualitative grounds so that recommendations could be formed on the same. The efforts are aimed
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to calculate behaviour and actions of people which emerges as a major cause of eruption of
problem in the society. The dynamic nature of respondent will be taken into consideration with
this approach. The questionnaire will be formulated so that views and opinions of respondents
could be collected through a series of 9 inter-related questions. The respondents will be finalised
through a random sampling approach so that better view of population could be achieved.
2.3 Recording and reflection of relevant data
The data will be recorded and reflected through questionnaire which will be formed by a
scholar. The questions which will be involved in research will be relevant to the topic of study
and responses of people will help in formulation resolutions for existing problem in health and
social care domain.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1 What are the major factors which contributes in personal hygiene? Frequency
Proper cleanliness of all body parts 8
Proper ventilation in houses 10
Proper disposal of waste 5
Wearing clean clothes 7
Q2 Does self hygiene are important for growth and development ?
Agree 25
Disagree 5
Q3 What are the major factors which results in healthy well being of
persons?
Frequency
Healthy food 6
Physical activity 7
Liquid Juices and fruits 8
Stay active 9
Q4 What are the major drawbacks of non hygiene factor? Frequency
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Body odour 6
Dental disease 8
Gender specific 4
General disease 12
Q5 Identify various methods of self improvement? Frequency
Attending seminars 10
Self development sessions 5
Social media 8
All the above 7
Q6 Are your working environment is friendly or not? Frequency
Yes 20
No 10
Q7 Is there any need of modification in hygiene policies? Frequency
Yes 28
No 2
Q8 Are you fully satisfied with health care facilities provided at
workplace?
Frequency
Yes 18
No 12
Q9 According to you, which disease get swiftly spread if someone ignore
personal hygiene?
Frequency
Malaria 10
Noroviruses 15
Typhoid 5
Q10 Provide recommendation by which NHS can provide effective
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services to all their customer's and focus on personal hygiene?
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS
3.1 use of evaluation techniques
It is essential to employ suitable evaluation approaches so that best results could be
identified. Before employing right evaluation measures it is essential to understand the same so
that better option can be opted. The assessment measures can be categorised on ground of
formative and summative assessment techniques.
 Formative assessment relies on the tool of feedback which will help in the manner the
study has been conducted. The assessment will be carried out during conducting of
studies and monitor the same.
 Summative assessment is generally carried out prior to accomplishment of the study.
During the completion of research performance of scholar will be compared with
benchmarks in the industry. The use of grading system is emphasized in this approach.
In this study, formative assessment will be employed due to lack of experience in this
domain and this tools also provides measures through which existing study could be improved.
3.2 Interpretation and analysis of data & Recommendations
Theme 1: Major factors which contributes in personal hygiene
Q1 What are the major factors which contributes in personal hygiene? Frequency
Proper cleanliness of all body parts 8
Proper ventilation in houses 10
Proper disposal of waste 5
Wearing clean clothes 7
10

Interpretations: From the above graph it is evaluated that there are various factors
which are contributing in person hygiene among the 30 respondents 10 said there there should be
proper ventilation in the houses, 8 argued that there should be proper care taken of all the body
parts, 5 respondents said that all the waste material should be disposed off in the bins in order to
keep the environment safe and hygiene and 7 respondents said that persons should wear clean
clothes in order to maintain hygiene.
11
8
10
5
7
Proper cleanliness of all body
parts
Proper ventilation in houses
Proper disposal of waste
Wearing clean clothes

Theme 2: Self hygiene are important for growth and development
Q2 Does self hygiene are important for growth and development ? Frequency
Agree 25
Disagree 5
Interpretation: From the above pie graph it is analysed that if there is proper hygiene
factors maintained then it results in overall growth and development as 25 customers agree that
there should be proper hygiene maintained so there should be growth and development of all the
body parts and 5 customers were not in favour of this concept.
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25
5
Agree
Disagree

Theme 3: Major factors which results in healthy well being of persons
Q3 What are the major factors which results in healthy well being of
persons?
Frequency
Healthy food 6
Physical activity 7
Liquid Juices and fruits 8
Stay active 9
Interpretation: From the above study it is evaluated that the most vital factors which
contribute in the overall well being of persons are that they should keep themselves active they
should promptly agree to do any type of work which is assigned to them as 9 respondents agree
with this fact 8 respondents argued that they should consume healthy fruits and liquid juices and
7 respondents said that they should involved themselves in the physical activities in order to
maintain themselves healthy so they can maintain their body .
13
6
7
8
9
Healthy food
Physical activity
Liquid Juices and fruits
Stay active

Theme 4: Major drawbacks of non hygiene factor
Q4 What are the major drawbacks of non hygiene factor? Frequency
Body odour 6
Dental disease 8
Gender specific 4
General disease 12
Interpretation: From the above graph it is interpreted that the main disadvantage of non
hygiene factor is related with general disease as people does not focus on hygiene factors then it
may result them in different type of diseases 8 customers said that people are affected by the
dental problems, 4 were in the favour that they are affected by the gender specific problems and
6 said that there is body dis odours.
14
6
8
4
12 Body odour
Dental disease
Gender specific
General disease

Theme 5: Different methods of self improvement
Q5 Identify various methods of self improvement? Frequency
Attending seminars 10
Self development sessions 5
Social media 8
All the above 7
Interpretation: From the above pie graph it is concluded that the most important methods
of self assessment are attending seminars and conferences as they help people in order to know
the factors which are useful for self improvement, 5 said that self employment section and 10
person are agree on attending seminars. 8 people are says social media platform is a effective
mode. Remaining 7 are agree on all three factors.
15
10
5
8
7
Attending seminars
Self development sessions
Social media
All the above

Theme 6: Working environment is friendly
Q6 Are your working environment is friendly or not? Frequency
Yes 20
No 10
Interpretation: Working environment is a very important for an organisation as well as
employees. Thus create positive impact on their performance. In this report 30 respondents are
selected and out of 30, 20 are agree with this statement and 10 are disagree.
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20
10
Yes
No

Theme 7: Need of modification in hygiene policies
Q7 Is there any need of modification in hygiene policies? Frequency
Yes 28
No 2
Interpretation: Hygiene policies has very important for healthy environment. In this
report 30 people are select. 28 are agree with this statement and remaining 2 are disagree with
the same. So that for company its is very important to modify hygiene policies for healthy
working environment. NHS used this strategy at their work place.
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28
2
Yes
No

Theme 8: Satisfaction level with health care facilities provided at workplace
Q8 Are you fully satisfied with health care facilities provided at
workplace?
Frequency
Yes 18
No 12
Interpretation: Employees satisfaction is very important for an organisation in order to
achieve goals and objectives in given time frame. In this assignment 30 respondents are choose
to analyse employees satisfaction with health care facilities provided by company. Out of 30, 18
people are agree and remaining 12 person are disagree with the same.
18
18
12
Yes
No

Theme 9: Disease get swiftly spread if someone ignore personal hygiene
Q9 According to you, which disease get swiftly spread if someone ignore
personal hygiene?
Frequency
Malaria 10
Noroviruses 15
Typhoid 5
Interpretation: Ignorance of healthy environment factors can affect employees health in
negative ways. So that, it is important for company to implemented policies and regulation
related to health care at work place. Out of 30, 10 person are agree on malaria, 15 people says
noroviruses and remaining 5 person are agree on typhoid.
Conclusion
From this research, it has concluded that personal hygiene is important in all aspect of life
of an individual. Cleanliness of persons reflect more confidence and positive attitude on others.
They can talk freely without any fear or hesitation. Therefore, for being a good citizen, people
should keep their surrounding clean. Cleanliness and good sanitation plays a crucial role in
19
10
15
5
Malaria
Noroviruses
Typhoid

attainment of healthy and social life, interpersonal relationship and psychological well-being.
Government should have initiated such laws in order to make environment free from wastages,
excreta and diseases spread by poor hygienic conditions. A healthy and disease free society can
only attain if a person keep himself and his society clean.
Recommendation
It has been identified that personal hygiene tend to make significant impact on status of
health of an individual and community. The major recommendations in this sector are as follows:
 it is essential to wash body more often so that germs and viruses which can cause
infections are dealt with in an ideal manner.
 Along with self, surrounding environment is to be kept clean as well so that welfare of
community can be taken into consideration as well.
 Washing hands is a practicable approach which helps in preventing an individual from
germs and infections. This practice should also be emphasized for healthcare workers to
that ideal environment is provided to clients.
 Overcrowding must be avoided in community centres or at home so that people are able
to lead a comfortable and healthy life.
 The government should emphasize on providing safe drinking water and waste disposal
system so that hygiene of communities could be maintained.
CHAPTER 4: PEER-TO-PEER VIVA
Covered in PPT
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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Han, S. H., Hong, D. H. and Kim, G. J., 2012. Actual Condition Investigation of Radiologist on
the Hand Washing Management and Personal Hygiene Management. The Journal of the
Korea Contents Association. 12(1). pp.409-415.
Cemek, F., and et. al., 2016. Personal hygiene and vulvovaginitis in prepubertal children.
Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology. 29(3). pp.223-227.
Raychaudhuri, S. and Mandal, S., 2012. Socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors for
cervical cancer and knowledge, attitude and practice in rural and urban areas of North
Bengal, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 13(4). pp.1093-1096.
Ifeadike, C.O., and et. al., 2014. Assessment of the food hygiene practices of food handlers in the
Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Tropical journal of medical research. 17(1). p.10.
Motakpalli, K., and et. al., 2013. A study on health hygiene among school children in rural field
practice area of Ajims Mangalore in Karnataka: India...International Journal of
Bioassays. 2(10). pp.1407-1410.
Koch, H.M., and et. al., 2013. Identifying sources of phthalate exposure with human
biomonitoring: results of a 48 h fasting study with urine collection and personal activity
patterns. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 216(6). pp.672-
681.
Anusree, P. C., and et. al., 2014. Knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls
in selected schools, Mangalore with a view to develop an information booklet. Journal
of Nursing and Health Science. 3(1). pp.55-60.
Sibiya, J. E. and Gumbo, J. R., 2013. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) survey on water,
sanitation and hygiene in selected schools in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa.
International journal of environmental research and public health. 10(6).; pp.2282-
2295.
Jalali, M., and et. al., 2014. Prevalence of urinary tract infection and some factors affected in
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