Comparison and Contrast of Personality Theories and Their Implications for Organizations

Running head: ADVANCED ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Advanced Organizational Behavior
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Author Note

1ADVANCED ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Introduction
The term personality can be generally defined as the characteristic pattern of feelings,
thoughts and behaviors that makes every individual unique and different from others. According
to researchers, while several external factors have the potential to influence how certain traits are
expressed, the personality of an individual majorly originates within him or her (Lewin, 2013).
The personality of a person generally remains consistent with minor changes that take place due
to age and experience. The four major perspective of personality includes Psychoanalytic that is
unconscious motivations, Trait which is specific dimensions of personality, Humanistic inner
capacity for growth and social cognitive perspectives that includes influence of environment.
From immemorial period of time various theories have been developed by the researchers about
personality. In this report, different theoretical arguments of personalities will be compared and
contrasted. Not only that, the impact of personality differences in organization will also be
discussed in this report.
Comparison and Contrast between the different theoretical arguments of personalities
Majority of the personality theories, irrespective of their different perspectives share the
basic concept that personality is a specific pattern of thinking and demonstrating behavior that
prevails across time as well as situations and is unique in every individuals. The chief argument
that exists between various theories of personality includes whether personality is inherited or
developed through the interaction of an individual to the environment. In the following
paragraphs, compare and contras of two of the chief theories including the Psychoanalytical
theory by Freud and Social Learning Theory by Bandura will be conducted Anderson, 2014).

2ADVANCED ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
The Psychoanalytical theory of personality as being demonstrated by Freud, states that
the thoughts, feelings and behavior of human beings are determined by the interplay of
unconscious physiological processes. As being argued by Freud, the personality of a human
being is comprised of three major systems that include id, ego and superego. The id is defined to
be the biological part of personality and is supposed to be present in an human being by birth
and is comprises of physiological energies and inherited instincts. The pleasure principle
operates the id for avoiding pain and obtaining pleasure. The ego, on the other hand, which is
considered to be the executive part of personality, is the conscious part of one’s mind. Ego
satisfies the desires of id keeping accordance with the demand of the superego and the reality.
The superego is defined by Freud to be the moral or the judicial part of the personality.
Superego determines the permissible behaviors and punishes wrong doings of an individual with
the felling of guilt. Not only that its also responsible for the ego rewards that includes high self
esteem and feelings of pride for good behaviors. Freud believed that in order to demonstrate an
healthy personality, an individual must keep all the three systems in balance.
In the Victorian era, the personality theory of Freud had created controversies As beinfg
proposed by Freud, the thoughts as well as behavior of an adult is rooted to his childhood
memories and unconscious forces of the mind. However this theory has been severely disagreed
by a good number of neo-Freudians. Carl Jung, one of the Neo-Freudians, argued several forces
other than id, superego and ego, like collective unconscious forms a core part of the personality
of the human beings (Cervone & Pervin, 2015). He argued that personality is a conscious state of
mind and is comprises of ideas, emotions, perceptions and memories that a human being is
totally aware of. According to Alfred Alder, Freud has overemphasized the role of sexuality in
the personality development (Cervone & Pervin, 2015). Alder through his personality theory