The PEYTON APPROVED BUDGET VARIANCE REPORT provides a detailed statement of estimated incomes and expenses based on forecasted sales revenue, highlighting the importance of operating budgets in reviewing an organization's performance. Variance analysis is used to measure deviations between actual costs and standard costs, with favorable variances being profitable for the organization and unfavorable variances increasing costs. The report also discusses material cost and labor efficiency variances, which may arise due to inaccurate budgeting, changes in economic realities, or employment theft.