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Captopril: a potent drug which is a competitive inhibitor on the angiotensin converting enzyme

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Added on  2021-06-17

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The angiotensin II is involved in the regulation of blood pressure as well as in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Sonsalla et al., 2013). Thus during sympathetic stimulation or in cases when the blood pressure in the kidneys is low, renin is released in the kidneys and this renin function convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II, through a cleavage biochemical reaction

Captopril: a potent drug which is a competitive inhibitor on the angiotensin converting enzyme

   Added on 2021-06-17

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1PharmacologyStudent’s NameDate of Submission
Captopril: a potent drug which is a competitive inhibitor on the angiotensin converting enzyme_1
2Introduction Captopril is a potent drug which is a competitive inhibitor on the angiotensin converting enzyme whichfunctions to convert the renal angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The angiotensin II is involved in theregulation of blood pressure as well as in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Sonsalla et al.,2013). In most cases therefore, captopril is applied in the treatment of high blood pressure among manyother uses. With the increase in high blood pressure among the populations today, captopril thereforefinds widespread applications in the medical sector. This drug contains sulphydryl groups and thus canbind to the albumin among many other proteins. Captopril also forms mixed disulphides with othercompounds that contain endogenous thiol groups like cysteine and glutathione. Once these componentsare present in blood and urine, they can be collectively measured and get the total captopril. The aim ofthis essay is thus to explore the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of captopril. PharmacodynamicsCaptopril is used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure since it is an oral drug whichfall in the class of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Therefore, the administration of captoprilleads to a reduction in the peripheral artery resistance especially in the hypertensive patients who havea high or no change in cardiac output (Miguel-Carrasco et al., 2010). When there is a low blood pressure,there are low risks of stroke and heart attacks to the patients. On the other hand, captopril plays crucialrole in increasing the survival of patients after kidney illnesses and heart attack. This drug also increasesthe levels of plasma renin activities as well as the levels of bradykinin. When the levels of angiotensin IIare reduced, this results in low abilities of retaining water and sodium ions in the body. In essence, captocapril antagonizes the effects of the RAAS system. The RAAS system is a hemostaticsystem which regulates the water and electrolyte balance in the living body. Thus during sympatheticstimulation or in cases when the blood pressure in the kidneys is low, renin is released in the kidneysand this renin function convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensinII, through a cleavage biochemical reaction. This stimulates the production of the hormone aldosteronefrom the kidney cortex which increases the sodium channels, as well as the release of vasopressin whichincreases the reabsorption of water from kidneys. Being an analog of the amino acid proline, captoprilthus performs the roles of antihypertensive by competitively inhibiting the roles of the angiotensinconverting enzyme (Ni et al., 2012). This in turn lowers the concentrations of angiotensin II, raising theplasma renin levels and lowering the rates of aldosterone secretion. The blood vessels dilate leading tolow blood pressure, which makes it easy for the heart to pump blood and thus improve a failing heart.This also slows down the progression of a disease in the blood vessels inside the kidneys which couldhave resulted from either diabetes or high blood pressure (Roozbeh et al., 2010). In cancer treatment, captopril has also been found to have antineoplastic roles whereby it inhibits tumorangiogenesis. The reduction of blood pressure is maximal between one to one and a half hours after theoral captopril administration. The duration of this dose is tolerated and the reduction in pressure couldbe progressive in order to reach the therapeutic levels. It has been found that the ability of captopril tolower the blood pressure is additive, although captopril and other beta blockers have been found tohave a low additive effects.
Captopril: a potent drug which is a competitive inhibitor on the angiotensin converting enzyme_2

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