Impact of Light on Transistor Performance

The project involves designing and developing a wearable device that tracks heartbeats and transmits the data to an online database for monitoring. The device uses op-amps to create a low-pass filter, which picks up and removes unwanted signals, and a comparator sets the reference voltage at 0.3V. The heartbeat signal is then transmitted to a microcontroller for analysis. The project was completed in a year, and the device can be used to track health remotely, monitor patient vital signs, or even screen seniors' health from home.

COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATION REPORT
Career Episode 3
MELANIE A. SANTOS

CE 3.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Project on Philippines heart centre
Location of the project: Philippines
Project Duration: [Please fill]
Organization: Philippines heart centre
Role and Designation during the time: Electronics and Biomedical Engineer
CE 3.2 Project Background
CE 3.2.1 Characteristics of the project
This project was based on the work in the Philippines heart centre. I have worked in that
heart centre on making of several biomedical instruments and heart monitoring devices. Heart
rate is the quantity of heart pulsates per unit of time. The number is spoken to as beats every
moment. The working of the heart can differ from individual to individual. The estimation of the
heart rate is utilized by the medicinal experts to decide the soundness of the patient. High points
and low points in the heart rate decide the event of specific sicknesses in the human body. The
estimation is likewise trailed by competitors who need to stretch themselves as far as possible to
increase most extreme proficiency. The sinusoidal wave which had the R wave to the R wave
decides the reverse of the heart rate.

CE 3.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
The destinations which were put forth for the improvement of the venture are as per the
following:
• To help individuals to track their wellbeing all alone.
• To give occasional reports and alarm the individual if there is an adjustment in the
heart rate.
• To build up a cheaper system for precise screen of the fundamental signs.
CE 3.2.3 My area of work
The task was made out of two sections and those were equipment and comparing
programming. For the venture I was accountable for making the equipment module of the
gadget. The primary parts of the equipment were to get the perusing of the temperature and the
heart beat check of the patient. I was additionally responsible for testing the item and influencing
the last documentation of thee to extend which would be inevitably be submitted for the
completion of my project.
CE 3.2.4 Project Group
In my project group I was under the supervision of the head of the biomedical department
of the heart centre and the project supervisor of the heart centre. I was helped by them a lot in
making the plans and designs of the biomedical instruments for the heart centres. Without their
help these project could not be completed.

CE 3.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
My territory of working for the undertaking was the execution of the equipment module
of the gadget. The gadget would record the heart rate and the temperature of the patient and offer
to the online entrance of the enrolled client. After the usage of the gadget I had assumed up the
liability to test the gadget for different clients and afterward make up the documentation of the
undertaking. The test outcomes were joined to the archive to demonstrate the working strategy of
the gadget.
CE 3.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 3.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
The equipment divide was made out of a LTH1550-01 is a photograph interrupter which
shapes the photoplethysmographic sensor. The fundamental working of this segment was to get
the heart beat tally from the fingertips and transmit it to the programming module of the
Arduino. A resulting part of the gadget was the two dynamic working low pass channels made
out of opampLM324. Resistor R23, R17 and capacitor C5 works in setting the pick up and
removing the recurrence of the principal channel.
The product part of the gadget was incorporated in Java. The simple yield which is gotten
from the heart rate sensor and the thermistor is sent straightforwardly to the Arduino board. This
board changes over this flag to the comparable computerized yield. The accompanying are a
portion of the library capacities which are utilized by the Arduino.

FreqMeasure.begin(); - Begins the recurrence estimation system
FreqMeasure.available(); - Returns the quantity of estimations accessible to peruse, or 0
if no estimations are new
FreqMeasure.read(); - Read an estimation from the sensors
FreqMeasure.end(); - Stop recurrence estimation from the sensors
The library has the accompanying restrictions that is when utilizing a various
programming serial ports, just a single of the port can get information at once.
The different Arduino capacities utilized are:
analogReference(type) - Configures the reference voltage utilized for simple information
analogRead() - Reads the incentive from the predefined simple stick.

digitalWrite() - Write high or low an incentive to an advanced stick of the Arduino
The accompanying is the Bluetooth APIs of Arduino:
1. BluetoothAdapter - It speaks to the neighborhood Bluetooth connector. The
BluetoothAdapter is utilized as a section point for all Bluetooth communication with the
Arduino.
2. BluetoothDevice - It speaks to a remote Bluetooth gadget. This is utilized to ask for an
association with a remote gadget through a BluetoothSocket.
3. BluetoothSocket - It speaks to the interface utilized for a Bluetooth attachment. This is
the association point that enables an application to trade information with another Bluetooth
gadget through InputStream and OutputStream.
4. BluetoothServerSocket - It speaks to an open server attachment that tunes in for
approaching solicitations. Keeping in mind the end goal to associate two Android gadgets, one
gadget must open a server attachment with this class.
CE 3.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
The information which was connected for the advancement of the venture related to the
area of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering. The fundamental learning of the working of
various gadgets was educated to me amid my degree course. Extra data about the working
methodology was gathered frame the examination diaries which cleared the information base of
the hypothetical approach of the gadget. Other than this more data was shared to us by our
manager who took care of the working of the undertaking.

CE 3.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
The significant bit of the venture which was gathered by me was the equipment bit of the
gadget. LTH1550-01 is a photograph interrupter sensor which shapes the photoplethysmographic
sensor module in the venture. LTH1550-01 is a straightforward infrared diode which acts as a
photograph transistor match in a solitary bundle. At the point when the tip of the finger is put on
the sensor, the beating of the veins inside the tip of the finger caused by the hearts thumping
mood changes the power of the light bar getting reflected and this variety in the force is relating
to the heart beat. At the point when overabundance light from the diode falls on the photograph
transistor of the circuit it leads the abundance measure of light, the comparing authority current
the ascent thus the gatherer voltage moderately diminishes. At the point when less measure of
light falls on the photograph transistor it can direct less, its gatherer current gets diminished thus
the authority voltage diminishes. The following period of the circuit constitutes of two dynamic
working low pass channels made out of opampLM324. The LM324 is made out of a quad
operation amp that can be worked from a mono rail supply. Two resistors R23, R17 and a
capacitor C5 works in setting the pick up and removing the recurrence of the principal channel.
The second low pass channel in the circuit additionally has a similar number of parameters. The
two low pass channels together makes an exceptionally basic part of the circuit as any false or
commotion signals which is sent to the microcontroller stage will deliver problematic outcomes.
The reference voltage of the comparator has been set to at least 0.3V. The outcome will be a
heartbeat fluctuating between the estimations of 0 and 5V at a rate which is equivalent to the
heart rate. This heartbeat is then sustained into the microcontroller for checking the heart
pulsates.

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of the project
CE 3.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
3.3.4.1 Issues
Real issue which was looked amid the creation of the venture was the contrariness with
the transmission of the information from the gadget to the online entry. The information was
being put away to the separate database of the client who had enrolled for the item.
3.3.4.2 Solutions
The issue were comprehended when we found that the gadget not ready to transmit the
information from the gadget to the online database. The transmission medium was not up to the
standard of the gadget. The gadget was not synchronized with the clock which was to send the
data gathered from the sensors of the gadget. The clock was changed to be in time as for the

inner clock of the gadget. This aided in transmission of the information from the gadget to the
online entryway.
CE 3.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
In the event that I was given additional time I would have possessed the capacity to
execute an online database for every client who has enrolled in the site for the application. This
information base at that point can be synchronized with the clinic the client visits with the
expansion of the specialist's subtle elements and offices. In addition the undertaking can be
executed to get the beat from the wrist of the patient with the assistance of a little watch like
gadget. The gadget can likewise be actualized in a healing centre to give ongoing criticism to the
specialists so accelerate the methodology.
CE 3.3.6 Collaborative work
In my project group I was under the supervision of the head of the biomedical department
of the heart centre and the project supervisor of the heart centre. I was helped by them a lot in
making the plans and designs of the biomedical instruments for the heart centres. Without their
help these project could not be completed.
CE 3.4 Project Review
CE 3.4.1 Project Overview
The undertaking was finished in a year. The client will have the capacity to track their
own heath all the time or intermittently. The venture can likewise be utilized to screen the
wellbeing o a youngster or a senior patient at home from a remote area. The information got can

be utilized by the healing facilities to begin surveying the crisis circumstance of the patient when
he is brought into the doctor's facility.
CE 3.4.2 My contribution to work
For the venture I had taken up the mindfully of influencing the equipment to deice of the
gadget. This was the fundamental module of the venture. The module would record the
temperature and the heart pulsates of the patient and sends it to the online entryway of the
associated gadget. The client would then be able to see the measurements of the checked client in
a graphical organization. Toward the finish of the undertaking I had directed the testing of the
gadget utilizing diverse clients and after that archived the working strategy of the gadget and the
procedure the gadget the delivered. I had additionally helped my colleagues in their general
vicinity of work with the goal that the best quality venture can be conveyed.