Organizational Behavior Report: BBC and Motivational Theories

This report delves into the realm of organizational behavior, employing the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) as a case study. It meticulously examines the influence of organizational politics, culture, and power on team dynamics and performance, highlighting their impact on employee behavior. The report further explores content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, along with practical motivational techniques. It identifies key factors that contribute to effective teamwork and provides a comprehensive overview of organizational behavior concepts and philosophies. The analysis provides insights into how these elements affect the BBC's operations and employee management, offering strategies to enhance productivity and achieve organizational goals. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of culture, power, and politics on team behavior and performance within an organizational context. It explores the application of motivational theories, such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and their practical application. The report also examines the factors that contribute to effective teamwork and provides a comprehensive overview of organizational behavior concepts and philosophies.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................3
PART A..........................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Organizational politics, culture and power influence team behaviour and performance....................3
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................6
P2. Content and Process theories of Motivation and its techniques..........................................................6
Motivational measures.................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3........................................................................................................................................................11
P3. Understanding factors that makes a team effective ..........................................................................11
TASK 4........................................................................................................................................................13
P4. Concept and Philosophies of Organizational Behavior.....................................................................13
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is one of the important tool that plays an important role in
accomplishing all the objectives of company. Further, management requires performing their
functions and roles in such a manner that will help in maintaining the behaviour of employees for
proper and adequate conduct in company (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011). According to Davis
OB is consider as an application that described about the knowledge that in what manner
employees require to performed and further it has been described that workforce is consider as
most important asset on the basis of which they are able to achieve their mission and vision at
appropriate manner. Under this assignment, the company British broadcasting corporation is
preferred which is consider as UK based top most company in national broadcasting that
engaged in dealing with all the current affairs of company and provide different news to general
public. Further, it discusses about all the impact related to culture, power and politics at the time
of performing work in team, various motivational theories approach and philosophies of
organizational behavior.
PART A
TASK 1
P1. Organizational politics, culture and power influence team behaviour and performance
Meaning of organizational politics:- This term can be understand as such way in which
organization uses different strategies and tactics in external market in order to beat the challenges
of rivalry and achieve organizational objectives easily.
It has been observed that an organization comprises of various employees who work
together in order to complete objectives in an appropriate manner. Further, it is essential for
company to work cooperatively with their managers and subordinates so they enable to achieve
their daily targets in stimulated time period (Bowler, Halbesleben and Paul,2010). Further, it has
been seen that every organization has its own rules and principles that help in formulating their
own corporate culture which attract outsiders towards them. Basically, every company has a
different working environment according to their policies and procedure that they require to
change according to the suitability and needs of employees. Further it is on the hand of staff
members to divide whole category of business into four categories which described below: -

Hendy’s cultural typology: - This theory was first given by Charles Handy in 1999. Further he
explained that an organization is very much similar in which particular company each having
their own belief, culture and expectations which they have to consider at the time of decision
making. Because of dynamic external environment, there are various changes coming in external
market so organizations need to modify their organizational structure according to it. Further,
Handy’s define the whole class of culture into different categories which is described as below: -
Power culture: - According to this, it has been observed that power culture as spider web that
means all the main members of company who take all the decision are require to sit at the middle
or Center of organization. Further, there are many companies whose powers remain under the
control of few members only, who takes all the major decisions. Because of authoritative
leadership style, employee has no option but have to follow all the instructions given by their
superiors. Apart from it, employees are not allowed to take active participation in decision
making formed on viewpoints, opinions and choices; instead they have to follow all the
instructions given by their superiors. Further, in BBC there are various individuals who hold
bigger position and their workforce are normally judged on the basis of their achievement and
rewards instead of performance.
Role culture: -
Under this type of culture, roles and responsibilities are given to their workforce on the
basis of skill, education, qualification and education in order to get better outcomes from that
particular place. Further, here employees are free to take active participation and use their own
skills and capabilities in order to beat all the challenges of an external market. Staff members of
BBC are fully aware with respect to their own roles and responsibilities that allow them to
perform their activities in proper and cost-effective manner and once power is coming then
responsibility come in mind through which they have to perform positively.
Task culture: -
This culture is fully depended on team work and spirit that give the idea to an
organization to achieve their targets and in what ways their critical and crucial issues it can be
solved. Further, they divide the work among different individuals according to their
specialization consist of around 6-7 members and every workforce has to contribute their efforts

by including innovative and digitalise tools in their goods and services. This environment is
preferred in BBC because they use a mixture of different skilled personalities having different
leadership abilities and competencies which enhances their profitability and productivity both in
market world.
Person culture: -This culture says that the working employees feel that they are given full
importance in their companies which motivate them and they think of using their own talent and
efforts for the success of business. The company in this culture takes a step back because of
which it suffers and employees are not loyal towards their business and take decision for their
own selfish motives and their main motive is to earn money only. Therefore, it is the duty of a
manager to consider company as first and after that other things came.
Under BBC, there are around 35000 employees working so there is a need to change the
culture of business, according to external market and needs to workforce that help in improving
their performance and accomplish the goals and objectives in proper manner. They also plan to
minimize their hierarchy so effective communication is maintained between superior and
subordinates. In case BBC wants to reduce their manager at superior so they create comfortable
environment for their staff members and apart from it their main focus is given on promoting
better corporate culture so they easily express their issues problems and also their viewpoints and
opinions for effective production. Further company is helpful in providing better environment
which is safe, secure and increase the motivation among employees so they put their whole
efforts to achieve their daily targets and for further career development, they organize training
development programs in which a trainer given direction to their employees for the purpose of
increasing professionalism at the time of interacting with their target audiences so they easily
satisfy them fully.
Politics:- This element plays an very important role in overall operations of business. Further, it
is important for business to consider all the factors and elements related to political conditions
which help in achieving all the organizational objectives.
Power:- This leads to effective measures under which power have been distributed among
members and they always consider at the time of taking decision making.

M1 Influence of culture, politics and power on behavior of team and individual
Power, culture and politics all are the aspects that largely affect the employee’s behavior’s working in an
organization. Impact of these elements on employees and their behavior at workplace is given below the
following points:
Impact of culture: Effective and strong organization culture enhance effectiveness of communication
process and help in take better decision. It helps in bring cooperation among various business functions.
Difference in cultural values of employees leads to create a negative working environment at workplace.
Impact of power: It is very essential that power should be distribute in right way among all team members
as this leads to positive work environment and at the same time enhance employee’s productivity. Wrong
use of power decrease worker’s morale and increase their turnover. So it is very essential that power
should be distribute in organization in appropriate manner.
Impact of politics: As politics has a great impact on employee’s and their productivity so it is very
important for managers to develop a political culture which can be easily understood by workers. For this,
it is very essential to formulate clear and effective policies.
TASK 2
P2. Content and Process theories of Motivation and its techniques
The meaning motivation is way of getting desire, needs and demand of individual has
been satisfied fully by some source of energy known as motivation. In other words, it is a
process of inducing people to put action in achieving their goals (Elangovan,Pinderand
McLean,2010) . According to Stephen, motivation is a way or willingness of individuals to put
their efforts for attaining their objectives and goals conditioned by ability efforts to meet some
needs of individual as well.
Further there are two theories of motivation which have been discussed as follows: -
Content theory: -
This theory main concentrate on all the factors and elements that motivates individual for
work effectively without any conflicts. Apart from it, there are some important job factors and
elements that motivates employees directly or indirectly to perform their work effectively and
efficiently. Further, this theory explained how human needs change or alters within passage of

time and includes all the mechanism that creates positivism and energy amongst individuals at
workplace. Various theories of motivation include: -
 Maslow Hierarchy Needs
 Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
MASLOW HIERARCHY NEEDS: - This theory was given by Abraham Maslow in 1943 and
is based on various assumptions and further there is hierarchy of needs which divided into five
levels that varies from one another. Levels of needs are described below: -
Physiological needs: - These needs include the basic necessities of individual which has been
fulfilled in a particular organization. Basic needs include food, shelter and clothes which are
regular needs of person that must be obtained for their livelihood.
Social security needs: - After fulfillment of basic physiological needs next needs related to
safety of life and security regarding their current jobs and it includes physical environment and
emotional safety of individual and his family members.
Social belongings need: - After fulfillment of above two needs next needs consider as
interpersonal needs which are related to the feeling to belongingness. Under this they want to
establish friendship and attachment with the people of society.
Esteem needs: - This need related to respect recognition that person wants in their society and it
is of two types i.e. both internal and external. Internal will relate to self confidence and freedom
and external related recognition, attention and power in society.
Self-actualization needs: - last need related to desire passion of individual which they actually
want to perform in their life. In other word it is an urge and desire that allow individual to search
their potential and do work according to it and it includes the needs for self-containment and
growth and also objective to create innovation and creativity in their working culture.
Therefore, it is essential for BBC to utilize these needs in respect of their workforce that leads to
higher satisfaction and increase the productivity of organization.

Figure:- Maslow hierarchy Source:- Theories of motivation,2018
HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY: -
This theory was developed by Fredrick Herzberg's in 1959 and according to it; there are two
types of job factors that exist at workplace in an organization. Further, some help in providing
satisfaction to employees at workplace and some provide dissatisfaction to employees. Job
factors are divided into two parts: -

Hygiene factors: - There are different job factors that are essential in providing motivation at
workplace. Basically, there are different components that do not provide motivation of people for
work and in other words various elements are come in such way they not allow work to be
satisfied. These elements are extrinsic to work which includes: -
 Legal policies and management structure of company
 Employment status
 Corporate culture and moral values
 Salary structure and different incentives of company
 Interpersonal relations
Figure:- Herzberg's Two factor model Source:- Two factor Herzberg's theory,2018

Motivational factors: - These are not considered as motivational factors but provide positivity
in working environment and among workforce. This component motivates people to perform
their tasks and activities in proper and appropriate manner; Because of it, an individual gets
additional benefits to perform his work adequately. This includes the following points: -
 Recognition and respect in society
 Higher degree of achievement and growth
 Doing work that have meaning
Process theory: - It is wholly depending upon determine how and why motivation elements
occurred. In an organization, there are different factors and elements that motivate or induce
employees to work efficiently that affects directly on their performance. For example, BBC helps
in promoting better and positive environment that maintains relationship between superiors and
subordinates and allow them to share their viewpoints and opinion. It covers following theory
and approaches: -
 Vroom Expectancy Theory: - This theory was first given by Victor vroom in 1964 and
it described that motivation coming or arises from the belief that decision will give
positive outcomes to them. Apart from it, he believed that success of an organization
depends upon individual skills and abilities that provides better outcomes in future.
Some other factors and elements that give motivation among individuals are
discussed below: -
Expectancy: - It is considered as a belief and desire of a person that more efforts and hard
work gives better results.
Instrumentality: - This point and theory describe the direct connection between objective
and activity. According to this approach if person perform well then, they definitely get
better results for their performance.
Valence: - It discuss about the value of person that provides them rewards and recognition.

Figure:- Vroom expectancy theory Source:- Theory of Vroom expectancy,2018
Reinforcement theory: - This theory was developed by BF Skinner and he tells that
behavior of individual is considered as a result for their consequences. Further, it tells about
the internal stage of individuals which describe below: -
 Positive reinforcement: - Under this theory positive response is given to person
when it shows both positive and required behavior that needed in particular
organization. For example, in order to coming to the job, they easily get the
immediate praise. Further, it will indirectly motivate them to perform properly for an
organization and this kind of reinforcement will lead to occurrence of behavior and
improve employee performance.
 Negative reinforcement: - Under this reward are given to employees on the basis of
work performance.
All these are the major process and content theories of motivation that can be utilize by managers
to encourage workers to perform their roles in better manner. Motivation theory of Maslow’s

need hierarchy can be utilize by manager to encourage employees to work well. This theory is
effective as with help of this company can satisfy primary (basic) needs of employees and can
retain them for long time period. In addition to motivation theory of Herzberg can also utilize by
managers as this help in determine the workplace elements that largely affect the employee’s
behavior at workplace. By maintain existence of different elements that affect employee’s
behavior manager can enhance workers productivity.
M2 Application of motivational theories which affect behavior of employees
Various elements are present at workplace that largely affect he performance of employees. It is
very important for managers and leaders to use effective techniques in order to encourage them to work
well. For this, different motivational theories are there that a manager can use to motivate employees.
Motivational theories are divided into two categories known as process theories and content theories.
Theory of motivation such as Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory and many
more theories can be used leaders to company to influence of behavior in positive manner.
TASK 3
P3. Understanding factors that makes a team effective
In every organization, those workforce with similar taste, choices and preferences are
formed together as a team in order to achieve their mutual objectives. Every member in team
uses their own skills capabilities and contributes equally in order to achieve their targets
successfully. Further, for the purpose of maintaining cooperation and harmony, an organization
conducts team building activities in which they emphasized their staff members to perform their
work that helps in increasing overall efficiency of workers. BBC believes on the basis staff
efforts and team performance help in achieving goals effectively and efficiently (Carpenter,
Berryand Houston,2014) .Tuckman model that describe the importance of team development in
which they focus on developing their teams and their members. He explains that it is very
difficult to communicate with different kinds of individuals in particular organization. Further
theory is classified into four points: -
 Forming: - This is considered as introductory stage for individuals under whom they
enter into an organization for the first time who are unfamiliar with all rules regulations
and working environment and are not aware about the roles or responsibility they have to
perform.