Solved Claire’s Case Study Question Answer 2022

Claire’s Case Study 1
Claire’s Case Study
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Claire’s Case Study 2
Question 1
James is a baby who is still learning to adapt to the physical environment as normal grown-ups
because his skin is less developed than the adult’s skin. During the pregnancy, the baby is
usually protected by the amniotic fluid that is characterized as isotonic and sterile (Warren,
2018). During delivery, James was still being covered by the material that covers the skin to
protect him from the physical environment that he was being exposed. This protection however,
disappeared a few days following the delivery and the skin of the baby became drier (Warren,
2018). The three cells in James’ skin (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) are present although
they are less developed compared to adults. Some of the cells and glands are not yet matured.
Also, as a baby, the skin is thin and permeable thus, James’ reason for poor thermoregulation of
temperatures. Thermoregulation is dependent on skin’s three strata and the thickness of the skin
surface. Undeveloped skin strata automatically imply that there was likelihood of the baby to
have a problem with regulation of temperatures. This is the reason why babies are to be well
covered always but carefulness should be observed not to cover them when it is too hot.
James body is likely to have been losing the heat through the following four mechanisms:
convection, conduction, evaporation and radiation Vijayan et al. (2019). Knowing that the body
of the baby could lose heat through these mechanisms, it is advisable that the mothers or the care
attendants, always should avoid exposing the baby to drafts. It is important that as small as James
was, whenever, he is undressed, it is advisable that the windows and the doors should be closed
and if it is to take a birth, it should be done very first and drying be done the fastest time
possible. Similarly, human baby are still homeotherms just like the adults and not poikilotherms
like the reptiles. Poikilotherms body temperature will mirror the surrounding environment.
James, as human infants responds to the increased or decreased temperature in the normal range

Claire’s Case Study 3
of 36.50 C to 37.50 C (Bucher, 2017). The mechanism however, that is responsible for observed
compensation needs energy, thus the infant must by default boost calories and oxygen
consumption so that the energy needed will be made available. It is evident therefore that James
body would increase metabolic activity to warm itself up and maintain the normal temperature
Question 2
Claire’s diagnosis of gestational diabetes meant that she had high blood sugar levels in her time
of pregnancy. This usually occurs because during pregnancy, the placenta has a tendency of
making hormones that could easily lead to building up of glucose in the blood. In a normal case,
the pancreases could produce enough insulin that can convert the excess glucose into glycogen
(Zhu and Zhang, 2016). If not, the blood sugar could rise and results to gestational diabetes.
Also, it would mean that during pregnancy, the placenta that links the baby and the mothers
blood supply, give forth high levels of different hormones. According to Aroda et al. (2015)
almost all the hormones contribute to impairing the insulin action on cells, causing arise in blood
sugar levels. As the fetus continues to grow, the placenta continually produces more hormones
directed to counteracting insulin. In the same case, as Claire ate, the carbohydrate would be
digested and produce more glucose but the impairment with insulin action made it hard to
convert it into glycogen and thus the blood sugars continually remain high.
It was possible for Claire to reduce the risk of developing the condition in the second
preganancy. It is also important to note that if she had gestational diabetes in the first preganancy
there was high probability of developing the condition in her second pregnancy. The following
are some of the steps that would be used to reduce the risk: one of the steps that she would have
taken is that she would have made sure that the doctor checks her blood glucose levels at least at
six to eight weeks after delivery of the baby. According to Aroda et al. (2015), even if the mother