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Importance of Physical Exercise and Epistemology in Qualitative Research on People Keep Moving Exercise Program for Older People

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Added on  2023/06/15

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This study discusses the importance of engaging older people in exercise program called People keep moving. It further discusses epistemology in research study and some ethical issues that might occur while conducting research study. It also discusses effectiveness of thematic analysis and clear communication with sample or target people.

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LC571 Qualitative Research
Methods for Social Scientists
1

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TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Epistemology and ethics..............................................................................................................3
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................4
Ways to know about people keep moving group exercise programme or epistemology of this
study.............................................................................................................................................4
Importance of physical exercise..................................................................................................5
Importance of motivation and other advantages of joining this exercise program......................6
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................7
Results from findings on research study......................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
Qualitative research involves collecting as well as analysing non-numerical data or that
information that are being collected in the form of theory and feelings (Roulston and Choi,
2018). The purpose of conducting this study is knowing better ways of engaging older people in
developed exercise program by researcher. This study is going to discuss importance of engaging
older people in exercise program called: People keep moving. It will further discuss
epistemology in research study and some ethical issues that might occur while conducting
research study. It will also discuss effectiveness of thematic analysis and clear communication
with sample or target people.
Epistemology and ethics
In regard to epistemology, it can be said that it refers a branch of philosophy that deals
with sources of knowledge. It is concerned with nature, sources, possibilities and limitations of
knowledge. It enables researcher in knowing all those things that are known to be true. It’s all
about increasing knowledge by identifying sources of knowledge (Al-Ababneh, 2020).
Knowledge in business study can be categorised into 2-3 types and as per the epistemology
philosophy, researcher tries to gain knowledge by using all appropriate sources such as:
Logistic knowledge: It is a creation of new knowledge via application of logistic
reasoning.
Authoritarian: It relies on those data that has been gained from books, experts and
research papers.
Intuitive: As with name itself, it refers knowledge that is based on beliefs, intuition and
faith.
Empirical: It relies on objective facts that can be demonstrated.
One of the main issue related to epistemology that researchers and people may face is: to know
certain kinds of things that people claim to know. As in the conversation of Ben, Vilma, Roy and
Irene, it can be said that the main epistemology was sources of information or knowledge
knowing about people keep moving exercise program that was going to held for older people.
There were different sources of information and knowledge from where Irene, Vilma and Roy
came to know about this programme.
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Ethical issues: Ethics refer moral principles that must follow by researchers and people.
It enables people in identifying the difference between the right and wrong. by knowing this
difference, people can protect themselves from conducting wrong thing and failure as well (Kara,
2018). In this study, the main ethic was: everyone participated in People keep moving exercise
program voluntarily as no one was forced and it was the thing that made this exercise successful.
Qualitative method: In research study, qualitative refers a form of collecting data. When
researchers and people collect data in the form of non-numerical or in feelings form then it is
known as qualitative research. In this study, Ben, researcher worker collected information from 3
participants in feelings form by asking some questions regarding exercise. It helped him out in
knowing all about health care project and effectiveness (Allan, 2020). So, in this context it can
be said that qualitative research method gives in depth knowledge and detailed information and it
is the reason, this method has been used.
Thematic data analysis After collecting data, it is important for researcher to analyse
them as data analyse makes them able in improving decision making by refining and evaluating
collected data. Selection of data analysis technique depends on the type of research type. As in
this study, qualitative strategy has been selected so, for analysing non-numerical data researcher
has selected thematic analysis under qualitative data analysis tool. In regard to thematic data
analysis, it can be said that it is one of the best ways of analysing collected data. It is being used
when researchers have collected data in the form of non-numerical or in theoretical form. It helps
out in knowing about people’s views, knowledge, opinion and values from a set of qualitative
data. Survey, interview, questionnaire are some sources from which qualitative data can be
collected and by preparing themes, data can be evaluated.
By preparing themes on the basis of conversation with participants, data regarding
exercise project has been analysed.
So, on the basis of above discussed epistemology, qualitative and ethics, it can be said that it
plays an important role in making research study successful.
FINDINGS ON DIFFERENT THEMES
Ways to know about people keep moving group exercise programme or epistemology of this
study
As it is known that epistemology is all about collecting data from appropriate sources and to gain
knowledge from them. This study is all about a project of encouraging older people for engaging
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in People keep moving exercise program. Researcher, Ben has communicated with 3 main
participants of this study and project include: Roy, 76-year-old male live alone as his wife died
last year, Irene, 82-year women live with husband near adult children and grandchildren and
Vilma, 70 years old divorced came from Estonia to UK 25 years ago. The very first question that
was asked from all participants was sources of knowledge about this project or program. They all
were asked about epistemology or knowing sources from where they came to know about this
project and program.
In this regard, Roy stated that he lost his wife last year and her daughter saw a poster
placed in hospital when she went with one of her children. So, she told her dad, Roy about this
by clicking photo of that poster in which detailed information was given regarding this project
(Aboody, Zhou and Jara‐Ettinger, 2021). So, on the basis of this, it can be said that it was
empirical knowledge under epistemology that Roy known.
In addition, Irene said that her doctor suggested about joining exercise class as it will
keep her healthy and fit. her doctor gave her leaflet and then she came to know about this
program.
When Vilma was asked about epistemology and source of knowing about this program
then she stated that she came to know about this program about one of her friend who was with
her at sewing group. She had also seen a poster so, it was other sources of collecting information
and gaining knowledge.
Importance of physical exercise
After knowing about epistemology and sources of gathering information as well as to gain
knowledge, all participants were asked more about this program. They were asked about
importance of exercise as what was the thing that made them able to come again keep coming to
this exercise program. In this context, Roy stated that he used to dance with his late wife Mary.
When he performs Zumba, one of the best types of physical exercise, then he imagines Mary as
she is dancing with him and he enjoys dancing so, he kept coming. He stated that it makes him
feel refreshed and energetic.
In this context, Irene stated that the main reason of keep coming to this was being healthy
and fit. She stated that exercise made her feel fit as before joining this exercise class, she was not
able to walking up stairs straight and without taking a rest (Langhammer, Bergland and Rydwik,
2018). After joining this, she felt that she can easily go straight up and walk up the stairs without
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taking rest. So, she strongly believes that exercise improves mood and help out in improving
health.
Vilma stated that as she came with her friend Sheila and they used to love and enjoy music.
They used to imagine that they both are young and are dancing on beach. In addition, she stated
that this exercise made her feel refreshed and improves her mood. She keeps happy and it makes
her stress free. Also, she gathers a lot of knowledge by coming here as she does not prefer to stay
longer at home. Overall, it can be said that exercise plays a vital role as it can make people
healthy and fit in all physical, mentally and emotional manner (Lavin and et.al., 2019).
Importance of motivation and other advantages of joining this exercise program
As the main aim of conducting this research and promoting this project was encouraging
older people for engaging in exercise program by which they can improve their health and be fit.
For this purpose and engaging them researcher has used number of strategies as by allowing
people from NHS and charities, target people were given some other advice and suggestions by
which they can make their skin healthy and can gather other knowledge.
Target people were asked about importance of having clear communication and other things
that they find effective at this exercise program. In this context, Roy stated that clear
communication is important and one of the main things that motivated him and engaged him in
this exercise program was: epistemology or gathering data on different other topics. Roy stated
that Gill got someone from charity and they told about basic human rights of those people who
were not born in this country and came from other (Boom and et.al., 2022). This knowledge on
different topic helped him out to the great extent and engaged him in this program.
Vilma stated that Gill often ask someone special and experienced person at this program and
they help us out in increasing knowledge about ways to be fit, human rights and topic related to
computer and technology. It makes us feel valued and increase our knowledge to the great
extent. it is the platform where we can know number of things and we can get out problems
solved here. Gill has an active listening skill and ways of dealing problems is the main reason
that has engaged her with this exercise programme.
Irene stated that rather than exercise, they gather number of information on other basic
topics as last September they had visit from the local school children and sang song for them that
they had learned about harvest time (Kooij and et.al., 2020). So, this greeting and all these
features of this program make them feel valued and motivated as well. Next time, students
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played a song for them with the main aim of making them feel valued and motivated. So, in this
context, it can be said that motivation plays a vital role as by knowing needs of people,
researcher can motivate them and can engage in research study.
DISCUSSION
Results from findings on research study
On the basis of above findings, it can clearly be said that motivation plays a vital role in
engaging people in research study and any type of program that researcher wants to promote. As
the main aim of conducting this study was engaging older people in exercise program and
improving their health. So, researcher asked some questions related to this and when participants
were asked about the main thing that has engaged them with this program and study. Then it is
found that motivation of gathering knowledge on different topics was the main thing, at this
program, researcher motivated them by solving their problems and satisfying their needs. People
gather data related human rights, technology and others (Kappen, Mirza-Babaei and Nacke,
2019). It is also found that when people feel valued and motivated then they are less likely to
leave programs and research studies. So, on the basis of this it can be said that motivation to
employees and making them feel valued is important for increasing engagement level.
In addition, it can also be said that physical exercise has many benefits for people. in this
context, it is found that physical exercise not only improves physical health of people but also it
improved their mood, improve mental and emotional health. When people get engaged in
physical exercise and enjoy exercise then they feel positive changes in their daily lives (Piercy
and et.al., 2018). They feel energetic, refreshed and find easier in performing day to day
functions with effectiveness. It can also be said that exercise have great impact on people as it
keeps people away from stress and depression. Participants gave different answers as people
stated that by doing physical exercise they feel physical strong and fit. At the age of 70-80 they
used to find difficulties in performing their own day to day functions and walking up to stairs
without taking rest but physical exercise improves their immune system and improve their
health. They find easier in managing their weight and can protect themselves from getting
affected with chronic disease that caused by overweight. Overall, it can be said that physical
exercise improves memory, brain functions and keep people fit in all manners. It is vital for
performing other functions and being happy and motivated in life (Falck and et.al., 2019).
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In addition, it is known from above findings and results that there are number of sources from
where and via which they can collect information and can gain knowledge. It is all about
epistemology or identifying better sources of collecting data as well as increasing knowledge. It
has helped people out in evaluating what they heard and what they saw. It also makes them able
in knowing the truth and on the basis of this, they can improve decision making process. When
people have different sources of gathering data and to gain knowledge then it makes easier for
them as they can accomplish their goals as per the convenience (Morgan and Levin, 2019). As
target people of this study came to know about exercise program from others as they saw poster
about this. They evaluated and known effectiveness of this research study and exercise program
when they got engaged in it. So, in this regard it can be said that engagement is important for
gathering real as well as accurate information. It can also be said that on the basis of above
findings that clear communication is vital as it is the main thing that can help out researcher in
engaging people in research study and program. When researcher has an active listening skill
then it makes target people feel valued. They are more likely to share their views, problems and
get answers. In this researcher study, participants stated that one of the main key thing along with
motivation that has engaged them in this exercise program and study was: an ability of
researcher to listen others’ views. When people gather information related to basic and effective
topics at one place then also they become loyal and more likely to stay. It was the reason as
participants in this study stayed for longer run and engaged themselves in exercise program
(Skorburg and Alfano, 2018).
Overall, it can be said that motivation, providing accurate and detailed information to
participants is the main key of increasing engagement level. Along with this, physical exercise
also plays a vital role and everyone should engage in physical activity for being physically and
mentally fit and improving overall health. It improves mood of older people and they find easier
in performing their day to day functions without depending on others. It protects them from
getting affected from infectious and other chronic disease as it improves their immune.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarised from the above study that physical exercise plays a vital role as it
enables people in becoming healthy, fit and improving their mood. It makes them able in
performing their own functions with effectiveness. It has further discussed effectiveness of
epistemology research philosophy and importance of identifying effective sources of gathering
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data as well as increasing knowledge. It has also shown different sources of gathering data and
increasing knowledge related to specific research topic and program. Ethics also play a vital role
in research study as it also enables researcher in completing study with effectiveness.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Aboody, R., Zhou, C. and Jara‐Ettinger, J., 2021. In pursuit of knowledge: Preschoolers expect
agents to weigh information gain and information cost when deciding whether to
explore. Child Development. 92(5). pp.1919-1931.
Al-Ababneh, M.M., 2020. Linking ontology, epistemology and research methodology. Science
& Philosophy. 8(1). pp.75-91.
Allan, G., 2020. Qualitative research. In Handbook for research students in the social
sciences (pp. 177-189). Routledge.
Boom, S.M. and et.al., 2022. Implementation of motivational interviewing in the general practice
setting: a qualitative study. BMC Primary Care. 23(1). pp.1-9.
Falck, R.S. and et.al., 2019. Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function
among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiology of aging. 79.
pp.119-130.
Kappen, D.L., Mirza-Babaei, P. and Nacke, L.E., 2019. Older adults’ physical activity and
exergames: a systematic review. International Journal of Human–Computer
Interaction. 35(2). pp.140-167.
Kara, H., 2018. Research ethics in the real world: Euro-Western and Indigenous perspectives.
Policy Press.
Kooij, D.T. and et.al., 2020. Successful aging at work: A process model to guide future research
and practice. Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 13(3). pp.345-365.
Langhammer, B., Bergland, A. and Rydwik, E., 2018. The importance of physical activity
exercise among older people. BioMed research international, 2018.
Lavin, K.M. and et.al., 2019. The importance of resistance exercise training to combat
neuromuscular aging. Physiology.
Morgan, R.M. and Levin, E.A., 2019. A crisis for the future of forensic science: lessons from the
UK of the importance of epistemology for funding research and development. Forensic
science international: Synergy. 1. pp.243-252.
Piercy, K.L. and et.al., 2018. The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Jama. 320(19).
pp.2020-2028.
Roulston, K. and Choi, M., 2018. Qualitative interviews. The SAGE handbook of qualitative
data collection, pp.233-249.
Skorburg, J.A. and Alfano, M., 2018. Psychological science and virtue epistemology:
Intelligence as an interactionist virtue. In The Routledge Handbook of Virtue
Epistemology (pp. 433-445). Routledge.
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