Physical Science2 MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.(2 points each) 1.Which one of the following is a fundamental property? A.force B.weight C.mass D.acceleration 2.The idea that all conclusions about the natural world must be based upon experiment and observation was first emphasized in the work of A.Aristotle. B.St. Thomas Aquinas. C.Galileo. D.Newton. 3.A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 12 m/s in 20 s. Its acceleration is A.0.6 m/s2. B.4 m/s2. C.6 m/s2. D.240 m/s2. 4.Which of the following units could be associated with a vector quantity? A.kg/sB.km/s2 C. hoursD.m3 5.A car moving at 15 m/s comes to a stop in 10 s. Its acceleration is A.-1.5 m/s2. B.-0.67 m/s2. C.0.67 m/s2. D.1.5 m/s2. 6.A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 14m/sin 10s. Its acceleration is A. 280m/s2B. 4m/s2 C. 1.4m/s2 D. 0.7m/s2
Physical Science3 7.A car starts from a speed of 10 m/s with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. The time needed for the car to reach 30 m/s is A.10 s. B.20 s. C.30 s. D.40 s. 8.Which combination of units expresses density? A. mass/(length)3B. mass/(kg)3 C. mass/(time)3D. mass/m2 9.Gravity is not A.a fundamental force. B.responsible for holding the moon in orbit around the earth. C.responsible for holding atoms and molecules together. D.active throughout the universe. 10.Acceleration may result in what? A. an increase in speed B.a decrease in speed C.a change in direction D. all of the preceding Decide whether each statement is true or false.(2 points each) ____F_____11.Unlike mass, weight is not a fundamental property. ____F______12.A scalar quantity has magnitude and direction. ____T______13.A centripetal acceleration is needed for uniform circular motion. _____T_____14.Distance is to velocity as speed is to displacement. _____T_____15.If A is denser than B then A contains more mass per unit volume. Fill in the Blank(2 points each) 16.Most of the information about our environment reaches us through the sense of ____sight_______.
Physical Science4 17. The metric units associated with acceleration are________m/s2________ 18.Objects in motion solely under the influence of gravity are said to be infree fall____ 19.The natural sciences, in which scientists study the natural universe, are divided into _______Biological____ __and __Physical_____________sciences. 20._Standard unit___is a fixed and reproducible value for making measurement. Matching(2 points each) 21._____c____free falla. motion of a thrown object b.a system of units that is slowly being 22. ______e___ displacementphased out c.motion solely under the influence of gravity 23._____b____British systemd.the most fundamental of the physical sciences 24._____a____Projectile motione. a continuous change of position 25. ______d___ Physics YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK TO EARN FULL CREDIT(5 points each) 21.Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities. Give examples for each. Scalar quantity has only magnitude while vector quantity has both direction and magnitude. Due to this, the scalar quantity can be said to be represented in one dimension while scalar quantity can be said to be multi-dimensional. Examples of scalar quantity include time, energy, temperature, mass, volume, and speed. Examples of vector quantities include momentum, displacement, acceleration, velocity, and force(Yıldız, 2017). 22.Distinguish between distance and displacement. How are these quantities associated with speed and velocity? Distance is a scalar quantity and can be defined as how much ground a moving object has covered during motion while Displacement is a vector quantity and can be defined as the overall change in position of an object or how far out of place an object is. Speed is the rate of change of distance covered by an object, i.e.; Speed, s =d t
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Physical Science5 Velocity is the rate of change of displacement by an object, i.e.; Velocity, v =s t 23.A woman standing before a cliff claps her hands, 3.6 s later she hears the echo. How far away is the cliff? The speed of sound in air at ordinary temperatures is 343 m/s. Time, t = 3.6s Distance covered = 2d Speed, s = 243m/s Distance covered = 2d = 243 x 3.6 2d = 1234.8m D = 617.4m The cliff is 617.4m away from the woman 24.A car starts from a speed of 18 m/s with an acceleration of 5m/s2. Find the time needed for the car to reach 33 m/s. Initial velocity, u= 18 m/s Acceleration, a = 5 m/s2 Final velocity, v = 33 m/s Time, t =? From the Equation: v = u + at 33 = 18 + 5 x t 15 = 5t 3 = t Time needed, t = 3 seconds 25.A 2400-kg truck accelerates from 18 m/s to 33 m/s in 3 s. Calculate the average acceleration on the truck. Mass, m = 2400kg Initial velocity, u = 18 m/s Final velocity, v = 33m/s Time, t = 3 s Acceleration, a =? From the Equation: v = u + at 33 = 18 + a x 3 15 = 3a 5 = a Acceleration, a = 5 m/s2 (Chun-biao, et al., 2011) 26.What changes when there is an acceleration? Give an example.
Physical Science6 When there is an acceleration, the velocity changes either in direction or in magnitude by decreasing or increasing in direction or in speed or both. An object moving in a straight line is said to be accelerating if the driver speeds up by increasing its velocity or slows down by reducing its velocity. For example, when a car is moving north at a speed of 10m/s and then finally speeds up by increasing its speed to 20m/s, then the car is said to be accelerating. 27.A race car goes around a circular, level track with a radius of 500 m at a constant speed of 250 m/s. What is the car’s centripetal acceleration? Radius of track, r = 500m Velocity, v = 250 m/s Centripetal acceleration, a =? From the Formula, Centripetal acceleration, a =v2 r a=v2 r=2502 500=62500 500=125m/s2 28.What centripetal acceleration is needed to keep a 1-kg ball moving in a circle of radius 2 m at a speed of 5 m/s? Radius, r = 2m Velocity, v = 5m/s Mass of ball, m = 1kg Centripetal acceleration, a =? From the Formula, Centripetal acceleration, a =V2 r a =52 2=25 2=12.5m/s2 29.What does the termcentripetalmean? Give the equation of centripetal acceleration and show how the quantities are related. Centripetal can be defined as acting or proceeding in a direction towards an axis or center. Centripetal acceleration,a=v2 r In uniform circular motion, the direction of velocity constantly changes, so there is always acceleration associated with the change in velocity(Corrao, 2012).
Physical Science7 (Cardou, et al., 2011) The centripetal acceleration is radially directed towards the center of the circle and has a magnitude equivalent to the squire of the velocity of the body along the curve divided by the distance from the moving body to the center of the circle. 30.A person drives a car around a circular, level cloverleaf with radius of 70 m at a uniform speed of 10 m/s. (a)What is the acceleration of the car? Radius of track, r = 70m Velocity, v = 10 m/s Centripetal acceleration, a =? From the Formula, Centripetal acceleration, a =v2 r a=v2 r=102 70=100 70=1.43m/s2 (b)Compare this answer with the acceleration due to gravity as a percentage. Would you be able to sense the car’s acceleration if you are riding it? Acceleration due to gravity, a = 9.8m/s2 Centripetal acceleration, a¿1.43m/s2 % Difference between the two accelerations =9.8−1.43 9.8x100%=8.37 9.8x100% ¿8.37 9.8x100%=85.41% The value of acceleration due to gravity is much higher than the centripetal acceleration. Therefore, it is impossible to sense the acceleration of the car when riding it(Jewess, 2010).
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Physical Science8 REFERENCES Cardou, P., Fournier, G. & Gagnon, P., 2011. A Nonlinear Program for Angular-Velocity Estimation From Centripetal-Acceleration Measurements.IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,Volume 16, pp. 932- 944. Chun-biao, L., Zhong, L. & H, W., 2011. Calculation on Range-Velocity-Acceleration Ambiguous Functions Using Signal Dynamical Representation.Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, Volume 30, pp. 2670-2673. Corrao, C., 2012. Gamow on Newton: Another Look at Centripetal Acceleration.The Physics Teacher, Volume 50, pp. 176-176. Jewess, M., 2010. Optimising the acceleration due to gravity on a planet's surface.The Mathematical Gazette,Volume 94, pp. 203-215. Yıldız, A., 2017. AN EXAMINATION OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING OF SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES.e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy,Volume 12, pp. 86-93.