Physician Role in the Opioid Crisis: Treatment and Management

This research study focuses on the treatment and management of opioid addiction crisis in the United States. It discusses the role of physicians in the opioid crisis and how public health officials are fighting the crisis of opioid addiction. The study includes a literature search plan and two annotated bibliographies.

Running Head: GETTING STARTED 1
Getting Started with a Research Study:
Physician role in the Opioid Crisis
Malessa Henry
New York City College of Technology
Health Services Administration
Health Research Methods, HSA 4740
October 24, 2018

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Student’s address :
Malessa Henry
300 Jay St,
Brooklyn, NY
11201
Date: October 24, 2018
Professor’s address:
Professor Rodriquez
300 Jay St,
Brooklyn, NY
11201
Dear Professor Rodriquez,
The United States is currently undergoing an opioid addiction crisis. It is crucial that this issue is
rectified as drug overdose has become the leading cause of deaths with people under the age of
50. It has been estimated that over 115 citizens die each day from the drug overdose. As if that
was not bad enough, the opioid epidemic has also contributed to an increase in emergency
department visits due to drug misuse, and heavy economic costs from death, lost productivity,
and healthcare spending. My topic is the Opioid Addiction Crisis and I will be focusing on the
treatment of Opioid addiction because most people with addiction lack proper treatment. This is

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an issue because providers sometimes unknowingly overprescribe these drugs to patients and in
turn enables their addiction as well as encourage it. This research will identify steps and type of
treatment can be used to prevent this crisis of opioid addiction in the United States of America.
Inclusive literature research that included the analysis of the previous study on the same topic
was conducted. The search strategy incorporated the studies related to the opioid-related
disorder, quality of life, prescription opioids and the burden of illness. Primarily, the search plan
included only articles which were published in January 2013 to August 2017. The search
particularly included MEDLINE via PubMed and the Google Scholar for reviewed articles on
peer assessment. Grey literature with the thesis on how to combat the abuse of opioid and essay
from the recognized Universities, such as Indiana University will be incorporated. The search
from the database connected to New York City College of Technology library will be included
as well. Moreover, the reports from Government organizations such as the Arizona Department
of Health Services (ADHS) will be included, importantly for the informational background.
Enclosed are two annotated bibliography pointing out the research questions and solution
statements, which will be mentioned in the review. Starting with the first article, its systematic
literature review will focus on how to treatment and management of opioid addiction. The
authors' talks on how Buprenorphine and methadone could be used to manage opioid addiction.
The treatment of opioid addiction was detailed in two categories of μ-opioid receptor agonist and
k-opioid receptor antagonist. The second article is a journal from Google Scholar, which details
on the role of science in addressing the opioid addiction crisis. This research focuses specifically

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on private and public partnership in the management of the opioid crisis. However, this research
emphasizes mostly on the treatment of opioid addiction in the United States.
I have read CUNY's and City Tech's plagiarism policy and understand it such that I will
take all steps necessary to avoid plagiarism. This including summarizing all information into my
own words, using quotation mark if the information is taken verbatim, using parenthetical in-text
citations as needed, and providing a reference in a list of APA format. I will try not to use
quotes; however, if necessary they will be used sparingly to best adhere to the APA writing style
for research papers.
Sincerely,
M.Henry
Malessa Henry
Enclosure: Literature Search Plan and Two (2) Annotated Bibliographies

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Table of Contents
Topic & Problem Statement……………..
…………………………………………………….1
Research
Question…………………………………………………………………………………..2
Literature Search
Plan……………………………………………………………………………..3
Project Timeline...........................................................................................4
Annotated
Bibliographies…………………………………………………………………………5

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Topic
Opioid Addiction Crisis
Problem Statement
Last year the New York Times reported that the leading cause of death for Americans under the
age of 50 had become drug overdoses. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration they
described, “prescription drugs, heroin, and fentanyl as the most significant drug-related threats to
the United States,” which leads us to think that Providers are unknowingly a huge contributor to
the crisis at hand.
Research Question
How are public health officials fighting the crisis of opioid addiction?

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Literature Search Plan
These are the parameters you set to guide your search of the literature most relevant to your
research topic.
Sources
Which databases will you focus on to find the most relevant literature? Be specific. Name two to
three.
Which journals will you focus on to find the most relevant literature? Be specific. Name two to
three.
Which gray literature sources will you focus on to find the most relevant literature? Be specific.
Name one to two.
Keywords (add rows as needed; click in the table to type; eliminate the red font)
Single terms Term combinations using
Booleans
Phrases
Opioid crisis Pre-operative workflow and Influence of pre-operative

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health outcomes workflow on health outcomes
Criteria for selecting articles (you may add categories; think about what you are looking for –
this is what you will use to decide whether you keep an article or not)
Categories Search Parameters
Time frame (how many years
back? 2,5, 7, or 10; if more than
five provide a rationale)
Studies time frame are from 2years back
Language/s (will you look at
studies written only in English or
not? If not, which other
languages will you include?
Only English
Population of interest (consider
demographics) or unit of
analysis (this can be
organizations – see the lecture
slides)
Under the age of 50

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Geography (are you looking at
studies done only in the U.S.
and/or outside the U.S.; or in
specific states or cities? If
studies outside the U.S. will be
used, provide a rationale and
indicate how they can be used in
the context of the U.S.)
I am looking at studies done only in the U.S
Peer-reviewed articles (yes/no) Yes, articles are peer reviewed
Full articles and/or abstracts
Only consider abstracts if the
full texts are not available.
Full articles will be used
Type of study (only
quantitative, only qualitative,
both types)
The study is both qualitative and quantitative
Anything else you want to
add?
No
Project Time-Line for the rest of the semester

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This timeline only refers to the final proposal (i.e., only the writing assignments associated with
the proposal). What steps do you need to take to create an effective research proposal? Use your
syllabus to help you get started. Look at the writing assignments and think of what you need to
do to complete these assignments. Include the in-between steps such as doing a database search,
selecting the best evidence, reading the articles, etc. Give yourself due dates for each activity.
[Delete the example below before inserting your information. You may add rows if needed.]
Date Activity
E.g., October 20 Do search plan & begin searching the literature
E.g., October 25 Sort the literature, choose three articles, begin writing the
annotated bibliographies
E.g., October 31 Literature search plan and annotated bibliography due
Annotated Bibliographies

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Kampman, K., & Jarvis, M. (2015). American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national
practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving
opioid use. Journal of addiction medicine, 9(5), 358.
The reason for the journal was to find out the best treatment for opioid-addicted people and how
to manage the addiction crisis. This study specifically focuses on the methadone and
Buprenorphine the two drugs are that can be used in the treatment of opioid addiction. The
research team wanted to prove that the opioid addiction crisis can be reduced by the treatment
specifically by using the methadone as the best medicine. The survey was done to 275 opioid
addicted people where some were given methadone dosage while other were given
Buprenorphine dosage. The result showed that only patients benefit from the dosage are the
patients who are daily dosing and supervision of OTP while the other result showed that
Buprenorphine dosage is not suitable for people who are suffering active alcohol disorder. The
result further confirmed that Methadone will be suitable for treatment of the opioid addiction.

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Volkow, N. D., & Collins, F. S. (2017). The role of science in addressing the opioid crisis. New
England Journal of Medicine, 377(4), 391-394.
This systematic literature explained the use importance of managing opioid addiction to the
society. The authors explained how opioid addiction can be prevented through the collaboration
of the private and the public sectors as it will speed up new medication development. According
to the authors, advances like improvement in formulating existing drugs, approving repurposing
treatment made for other treatment and acting reversal acting drugs may occur rapidly. The
authors furthered their explanation by stating the formulation that may take a longer time to
occur like opioid vaccines and MOR-biased agonists. In addition, the authors give an example of
how NIH discussed with pharmaceutical companies to speed up the acceleration progress on the
medication and technology on the treatment and prevention of opioid addiction crisis.