Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care

This report focuses on the physiological principles for health and social care. It covers the main economical features of the human body, the interaction between the skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems, the normal body response to everyday activities, and how the body coordinates its internal activities. It also explores the use of routine measures in health and social care and the effects of age and common disorders on body structure and functioning.

Physiological Principles for
Health and Social Care

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Main economical features of human body.......................................................................3
1.2 The interaction between Skeletal, muscular and cardiovascular system..........................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Explaining normal body response to everyday activities.................................................6
2.2 Body response are explained by cellular, tissue structure and physiology...................7
2.3 The body coordinate its internal activities........................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Use of routine measures in health and social care............................................................9
3.3 The way information about body functioning may inform care planning for individual10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Explaining the way age may affect body structure........................................................11
4.2 Assess the impact of common disorders on body structure and functioning.................12
4.3 Relate the effects of common disorders and infection to the care routinely given to
individuals affected by them................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
Books and journal:.........................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
The focus of the report is on gaining information about those body functions which has
great effect on health and social care. The project will include study of main structures of human
body and developing suitable nomenclature in order to work with health professionals. It will
also include details about various structures, their positions and function in human body.
1.1 Main economical features of human body
The human body consist of many biological systems that are meant to perform particular
functions that are very essential for everyday living (Schoenherr and Hamstra, 2017) Various
biological system and their features are:
Circulatory system: The function of circulatory system is to ensure smooth flow of blood cells
throughout human body. Circulatory system consists of various elements such as heart, blood,
blood vessels, arteries and veins.
Digestive system: It consists of series of interconnected organs that works together in order to
enable human body to breakdown and absorb food and remove waste from body. It involves the
mouth, Oesophagus, stomach, large and small intestine, rectum and anus. Significant role is also
being played by liver and pancreas as they produce digestive juices.

Endocrine system- It consists of eight major glands which secrets hormones into blood. The
hormones then travel to different tissues and regulate various functions of body such as
metabolism, growth.
Immune system -It supports human body in protecting it from harmful bacteria, viruses and
other harmful diseases. It involves lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes, thymus and
leukocytes which are referred to as white blood cells.
Lymphatic system- It involves lymph nodes, ducts and lymph vessels and also plays active part
in providing protection to human body from various harmful bacteria and viruses. Their main
task of this to create and move lymph. It consists of transparent fluid that includes white bloods
cells, which assist body to fight against various infections. It helps body in removing excess
lymph fluid from tissues and returning remaining fluid to the blood.
Nervous system-It plays significant role in controlling voluntary and involuntary action. The
voluntary actions include conscious movement while involuntary movement include breathing.
Its role is to provide signals to different parts of human body. The central nervous system
consists of brain and spinal cord. On the other hand, peripheral, nervous system includes such
nerves that connects every part of body to central nervous system. It helps central nervous
system in developing coordination with other parts of the body.
Muscular system-It includes about 650 muscles that assists body in making various movements,
ensuring flow of blood throughout body and assist body in its smooth functioning. Three kinds of
muscles are present in human body. These are skeletal muscles that have connection with bone
and assist body in voluntary movement. Smooth muscle is present inside organs and aids in flow
of substances in various organs and throughout cardiac muscles that are present in the heart and
that provide help in flow of blood throughout body.
Reproductive system-This system enables human body to reproduce. Male reproductive system
involves penis and testes that produces sperm. On the other hand, female, reproductive system
contains vagina, uterus and ovaries that helps them to produce eggs.
Respiratory system- It consists mainly of Trachea, the diaphram, and lungs that enables human
to take oxygen and expel out carbon dioxide. This process is referred to as breathing.

Excretory system-The whole system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, two splinter
muscles and urethra. This system assists human body in eliminating waste products.
Skin system-It is the largest organ of the body. It provides protection to body against various
infections, viruses and bacteria (Boas, 2017.)
Skeletal system consists of bones , cartilage tendon s and ligaments .The skeletal system act as
the body’s physical support and also intends to protect the inner organs and provide them
structure to attach. It is essential element for movement of body.
Muscular systems comprises of skeletal and smooth muscle.It is used to produce voluntary as
well as involuntary movements. Skeletal muscles are used by the body organs such as blood
vessels , bladder and heart to genera voluntary movement.
1.2 The interaction between Skeletal, muscular and cardiovascular system
The movement in body is possible due to the interaction between muscles and skeletal
system. The calcified bones of skeleton work very closely with circulatory system. Circulatory
system refers to the system which. It supports and control blood flow to reach veins and
arteries.The circulatory system interelates with muscular system so as to help muscular system to
supply oxygen and blood to muscles in order to enable them work preparedly (Skalec and
Egerbacher, 2017.)
Without skeletal and muscuskeletal system human body could not able to move and will
not abler to support itlself. combination of cartlilage and calcified bone allows bones and muscle
to move freely and provides fluid to each other in order to function properly.
The bones in human body provides structural support to muscles and then muscles
convert chemical energy into mechanical energy for movement in humna body (Katz, 2017. )
Interactions between skeletal and circulatory system.Skeletal plays significant role in
functioning of circulatory system.The calcified bones works closely with circulatory
system.Circulatory process that circulate the red and while blood cells in the body. A substance

that is referred to a bone marrow that helps in production of both kind of blood cells.All of these
blood cells are important for the human body in ordxer to function properperly.These cells
cannont move or flow without the suport of circulatory system.As bone marrow also plays
important part as without its formation of bloods cells would not be possible.Bone marrow
presents mature and immature bloods cells that further produces plalets.
Interrelationship betweeen cartiliage band sketetral system (Manzouri,Kosidou and Savic, 2017.)
Skeletal system consists of all bones in human body and cartiliage develops connection
between them.An adult human body consists of 206 bones. The skeletal performs various
functions such as providing support to the body, protection to internal organs, supporting body in
movement, storing mineral reserves in order to fulfil the demand of body. The longest bone is
known as femur and shortest bone is called as striup.Femur is present in thigh while stirrup is
present in ear. Skeletal muscle helps in generating force and facilitating movement by
contacting body parts. Skeletal muscles are joined to bones in order to support bones and make
them them work like levers.Muscles providee force to move lever (Akoumianakis and
Antoniades, 2017)
TASK 2
2.1 Explaining normal body response to everyday activities
The regular physical activity have very crucial impact on body system which is based the
way human body responds. Each activity assists to fulfil regular requirement of body that are
essential for completing metabolic and nutritional process. The most essential activity is
breathing. Breathing is considered as psychological process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling
carbon dioxide. Once the oxygen is inhaled, its is carried to lung through respiratory system. The
respiratory system then send air to the lung, and then Thoracic volume enhances and it increases
the intra-Pulmonary preassure forces air to enter into lungs. Diaphragm and muscle relaxation
minimises the Thoracic volume and increases intra-pulmonary pressure above the atmospheric p
reassure, it results in exhalation of carbon-dioxide full blood. This process is directly interrelated
with the function of circulatory system. The oxygen distributed to small vessels which is referred
to as alveoli (Entwistle and Quick, 2006)
The 90 minute running after lunch has various benefits that are coordinated by internal
and external activities of the body. All organism collaborate with each other for gaining

physiological benefit from exercise. The blood surrounding the blood vessel are very close to the
alveoli. The blood surrounding the blood vessels, i.e. the blood capillaries are very close to the
alveoli. Oxygen diffused through the wall of alveoli and enters in the blood vessels, where the
oxygen is carried by the red blood cells to each cells of the body, where the respiration process
occurs through which cells make energy ,that is used for completing the regular physiological
activities. Similarly, the waste products of the metabolic activities are brought by the red blood
cells and the carbon dioxide from red blood cell diffuses through the capillaries to the alveoli and
exhaled through expiration. During exercise, the oxygen require increase in cell, therefore
increasing the breathing rate, respiration pace and strengthen the intercostals muscle for work
fast. Eating is another physiological activity that provides the body necessary nutrients for
completing the metabolic processes. The food consumed through the first part of digestive
system, mouth and the food complex goes downward, while the digestive enzymes in different
organs of digestive system digest it. Then in small intestine, the nutrients from the food are
absorbed into the blood and red blood cells carry these nutrients to each cell for metabolism.
From the simple components, cells utilize fat, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals for
metabolism and energy gaining (Fakhimi and Probert, 2013. )
2.2 Body response are explained by cellular, tissue structure and physiology
Shock cause due to emergence of antibodies like immunoglobulin. When body get initial
exposure to food it may not react but may generate antibodies when get exposures to food. After
the later exposure to food, the allergy substance bind together to the antibodies that may further
lead to presence of large quantity of protein in body cellular structure and the result is that
human body responds in shocking manner in further exposure to particular substance. In case of
body shock the blood p reassure decreases and may result in very bad situation. Constricting of
blood vessels is required by this situation (Goodwin,Gruen and Iles, 2006)
Eating too fast and over eating may lead to hard working for heart and cardiovascular
functioning is greatly affected. Eating too much can also lead to generation of energy in body.
The excess amount of energy consumption may lead to improper functioning of insulin. This
may happen due to overeating, fat tissues get enlarge and other tissue get exposed to excessive
energy. It has great effect on cells. As they are forced to provide protection to other tissues
therefore minimising insulin sensitivity. It has been analysed that people that have over heating
habits are often having possibilities of memory loss.

Difficult and hard physical activity have coverall effect on respiratory system of human
body. As there is increase in ventilation during exercising activity. On the other hand Ph and
PCO 2 decreases during rest time. While exercising activity energy is released and it has direct
impact on static muscles. This activity force muscle to contract (Griffith and Tengnah, 2011.)
During Strenuous physical activities, enzymes process probably slows down by revealing
oxidative that results in muscle hypertrophy. Despite increase of glycogen storage capacity, in
context of profound physical hardship by human body. The process of enzymes process that are
indicated by aerobic metabolism are unable to augment. Exercise has great impact on
cardiovascular control. The strenuous physical activity leads to uneven oxygen
consumption .Hard physical activity have great effect on breathing system. It makes breathing
process slower and deeper as compared to normal situation (Handy, 2014)
2.3 The body coordinate its internal activities
The human body requires consistent setting of internal system in order to function
effectively. It required by human body to make many adjustments. The regulation of internal
activities is referred to as Homoeostatic function regulation. This standards process ensures that
internal temperature is stable. Blood volume is maintained and sustained by kidney and waste is
excreted out by support of kidney. It is the function of kidney to maintain Ph level of various
substances that lies in bloods. Those various substance include Ions, Water, salts and acids. The
functioning of respiratory system is to assist functioning of lungs. The role of lung is to sustain
Homoeostasis through excreting carbon dioxide and excess water, The function of respiratory
system is to maintain ph level of blood. The homoeostatic function assist body in maintaining
and preserving water level (Haworth and et.al., 2002)
It is very essential for various internal system to have proper coordination in order to help
human body to function properly. Three main system such as endocrine system, Autonomic
nervous system and central nervous system must function in correlation with each other.
The endocrine function is to release hormones in the body which have significant impact
on the growth , development and reproduction process. Hormonal affects are being controlled by
endocrine system, autonomic nervous system controls many other factors of the body such as
breathing activity, heart beat rates, maintaining body temperature, blood pre assure, urination,
digestion of water and electrolytes in human body.(Herring, 2013. ) While autonomic nervous

system control various other activities such as body fluids, sweat, saliva, tears etc. The main role
of autonomic nervous system is to essential minerals to all internal body organs. The function of
central nervous system includes integrating sensory information and generating appropriate
response. Brain act as a coordinator for all body functions. Brain also controls the complex
functions related to thinking and homoeostasis regulation. While spinal cord act as main
mediator that ensures flow of signals and messages between brain and other body organs(Kline
and Preston-Shoot, 2012)
TASK 3
3.1 Use of routine measures in health and social care
Medical report plays very significant role in the world of modern medicine. It provides
assistance to health professionals in order to have focus on increasing care of patients in more
professional manner. The various measures such as heart rate recording, over-under weight
observation, diabetic stability measurement and blood pressure recording activities are conducted
in order to monitor disorders and other health diseases. Medical information is very essential as
it allows medical representative to analyse various risk factors associated with patient health. The
medical information that has been collected from patients and various other source helps
individual to prevent themselves from common or serious disorders. This data enables medical
practitioner to drive preventive measure such as proper diet chart, medication, exercise to their
patients. This method provides medical representatives an opportunity to identify the root cause
of problem and find appropriate measures on the basis of observation.(Lethard, and McLaren,
2007) It also helps them to formulate precautionary plan for providing appropriate treatment to
their clients. For instance recording of BMI can be used for checking fluid and nutritional intake
as per energy requirement by body. This data act as effective tool in care planning by heath care
centres. Various measures that are taken by medical representative on routine basis serve as
prevention measures for the patient that are suffering from particular disease or infection such as
hydrations, peak flow. All information collected require ethical consideration by health care
professionals in order to maintain privacy of data. It is essential for medical representative to
examine the accuracy and validity of data in order to make reliable recommendation and to
provide appropriate treatment to their clients. (Lishman, 2007)
3.2 The way routine measures provide information about body functioning

It is essential for medical representatives to ensure the that elimination of error and hyper
value from the measurement in order to assure validity and reliability of all measures. Normal
range should be used to record measures accurately.
Body mass index is being used by heath care representative to measure obesity. Obesity
refers to the disease in which overall fat is reserved by human body. As it done measure the
accurate level of obesity as it does not include distinguish between bone as well as muscle mass
and body fat. It does not include the measurement of belly fat and waist that is very important
factor in measuring obesity and heath risks.
Pulse recording and blood p reassure recording are accurate and reliable measures for
recording units that are highly validated and reliable in order to record systolic and diastolic
blood p reassure. These are reliable and accurate way for routine measures as they are being
recorded before and after recovery. Thus using this method comparison in pulse rate can be made
easily (Lloyd, 2010.)
ECG machines are used for measuring the heart beat of patient. The heart rate recording
measures directly interface with the patients body condition to provide reliable rating. However
in case of physical and hard exercise the heart rate measured by devices are not reliable. The heat
measurement provides effective and accurate results when it is being measured at regular interval
of time. The measurement is reliable in case of motions artefacts the results may be less reliable
due to its vulnerability.(Mitchell., 2000)
3.3 The way information about body functioning may inform care planning for individual
The major standard that are being considered by medical representative are minimum
infection prevention practices and such care is being applied to all patients in healthcare centre.
Apart from this information are being collected from various sources including patients
observations of vision, measurement of weight, height, pulse rate, blood pressure and respiration
rate. Glucose indicator, test of urine, fluid intake ,food consumption, fluid output etc. are being
measured on regular interval of time and on routine basis. These measures are being taken by
medical representative on the basis of patients health.(Moss, 2012. ) These measures are taken by
health care team in order to prepare suitable care plan for the patient. It is essential for heath
care centre to understand the importance of measurement in delivering the primary care to
patients. This health care practices are formulated and followed on routine basis in order to
monitor and prevent patient from various diseases. The significant role is being played by

physician in collecting and maintaining information. It is essential for medical practitioner to
maintain and record the measurement as well as maintain privacy of patient health detail.
The information is collected by physician in order to analyse various problems faced by
data and identifying the effective solution in order to provide care to patient (Pike and et.al.,
2011)
For old age person the health care institutions can suggest to maintain blood pressure level.It is
suggested to them to perform various physical activities that can be helpful in reducing or
maintain ng blood pressure level.
Cardiac output has to be reduced-As this involves high risk factors in cardiac output That can
lead to ventricular rigidity due to this vascular resistance can get increased. can be used for
measuring blood pressure Edema may reflect the heart attack and stroke.Other than this the
central ans peripheral pulse have to check .As improper functioning of pulse may have negative
effect on legs and great effect in vasoconstriction .
Acute pain- pain may occur because of potential tissue . Intervention can be that bed rest is
suggested to patient and disruption have to be reduced.
TASK 4
4.1 Explaining the way age may affect body structure
Mary’s age may have affected her body structure and functioning in various ways.
Osteoporosis is a condition which makes the bones fragile and makes a person more susceptible
to fracture. It can be analysed that the structure and functioning of body is impacted by ageing
because the bone mass decreases after 35 years of age. As a person ages, there is a change in the
balance between bone absorption and bone formation. Moreover, after menopause, there is rapid
bone loss in women (Secker, 2003). There is decrease in the mineral content of bones. The bones
become less dense and with the loss of mass, there is development of osteoporosis. Therefore,
the ageing process would have led to osteoporosis making the bones in Mary’s body weak. This
would have resulted into a fall.
Moreover, with ageing, there are changes in the nerve tissue as well. There is development
of waste products and their accumulation in the body. Further, there are changes in the
connective tissue which becomes more stiff. As a result of this, the airways become more rigid
and some of the tissues may not get adequate oxygen and nutrients.

As a person ages, all the vital organs begin losing their functions. Compliance, gas
distribution, and pulmonary defence mechanism are impacted by ageing and as a result of this,
the capacity of defenestrating body from pulmonary function reduces. Due to the process ODF
ageing the diameter of respiratory system reduces. Ageing has great impact on the elasticity of
vessels, With increase in age the vessels loses its elasticity. It has great effect on muscles too ,
due to ageing muscles start to get weak which further leads to dilated alveolar ducts, collapsing
of small distal airways. The chest wall also become stiffer with change in age which become the
cause of many other problems in whole body system (Tasman, 2008). This would have impacted
structure and functioning of Mary’s body.
Obesity as a cardiovascular disease is primarily current in children and the associated risk
of this disease includes increase in blood pressure and cholesterol. Moreover, for old age people,
due to years of heart strain and cholesterol accumulation in blood vessels, suffers from various
heart and circulatory problems and have improper internal and external body functioning
(Sheehan and Griffiths, 2011).
4.2 Assess the impact of common disorders on body structure and functioning
In addition to this, it can be said that there are diverse common disorders which are faced
can be faced by individual. Classification of such disorders can be as stress, specific phobias,
panic disorder, etc. It has been witnessed that such kind of disorders impact the overall body
development and functioning in diverse manner. If any person is facing an issue of stress then it
might be possible that person may face issue of depression. It might also create an issues in terms
of headache and affect the mental functionality. It also creates a situation of migraine which is
also a critical issue in term of health aspects. Migraine is a chronic condition characterized by
episodic attacks of disabling headaches. These attacks often present with any combination of
pain, nausea, light and sound sensitivity, or vomiting. It clearly indicates that if common disorder
is not being considered properly then it might affect the overall outcome (VanVactor., 2013)
Moreover, panic disorder is also an issue which impacts the body functioning so management
need to consider it effectively. It has been witnessed that due to panic disorder the person can
face issue in terms of stroke. It also impacts the heart rate in negative manner which might create
an issue of heart attack. Shortness of breath is also a critical issue which need to be referred
properly. A panic attack takes a very powerful emotional toll on the person affected. In addition

to the overwhelming sense of fear in that is its primary symptom, the person can also be subject
to more tangible symptoms associated with the fear of physical loss of control (Willis, 2013)
Osteoporosis disease may have great impact on Marry body. As this disease can cause changes
in the bone due to which Marry, may feel difficult in moving her body. It can lead to thinning of
both trabecular and cortical bones that can increase the risk of broken bone and may cause
weakness in bones due to which marry may face problem in body movement. She may feel stress
due to this disease. She may have to suffer chronic pain and may have great effect on her ability
to perform normal activities.it has great effect on physical as well as mental health of patient.
Deterioration of body structure. The body system can be disrupted due to to this kind of disease
Due to this disease there is much chances of injuries or condition that may minimise the muscle
force of the bone. There may be rapid loss of bone in Postmenopausal in women which can
further lead to oestrogens deficiency in Marry body.
The altered nervous system functioning can lead to behavioural or psychological
disorder. It may have great impact on the mental health of Marry. It have further effect on the
sensory input which means loss of vision, hearing, smell etc. It can hinders the capacity to
control body movement and function. It may have great influence or effect on Marry brain
capacity to retain information. It may further lead to changes in personality and mood. This
disease have great impact on the function of brain and nervous system.
4.3 Relate the effects of common disorders and infection to the care routinely given to
individuals affected by them.
It has been noticed that effect of common disorders also create an issue for the individual.
Treatment provided to patient also need to be referred properly so that better outcome can be
accomplished. Adaptive changes in brain function resulting from other medical or psychiatric
conditions. By having an appropriate analysis of such values the issues can be resolved. If
individual is not focused towards day to day treatment process in such situations and disorders
then it might affect the functional development. It is necessary for members to ensure that
common disorders are being resolved properly through proper reference of routine treatment. If
basic standards of treatment process are not properly followed by the individual then it will also
impact the working in diverse manner. Shortness of breath is also a critical issue which need to
be referred properly. It means the regular basis medicine and other standards need to be followed

so that such aspects can be overcome. It will assist in improving health issues and ensure about
development (Waine, Tunstill and Meadows., 2005.)
The risk associated with Osteoporosis disease can be reduced if the patient is given proper
treatment and timely interventions are taken by medical representative. It is required by marry to
have regular check up and medical PR actioner are required to assess the portion of calcium and
vitamin D intake , physical activity and analyse adverse behaviour should be the routine duty of
heath care towards Marry and all other person suffering from this disease,
As Marry having problem related to movement of body She should be provided with full
assessment of bone health. Various diagnostic techniques and procedures can be adopted by
heath care representative to identify the risk of fracture. Bone Mineral testing should be
conducted on routine basis on Maary as she has risk of this disease on her body. She should be
given an advice about appropriate prevention and considered for regular treatment. Bone density
screening should be performed on regular interval. Other risk factor should also be considered
by medical PR actioner such as decrease physical activity, family history, weight loss , vitamin D
intake etc.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the report that the significant role is played by physician in
collection of data. The aim of information of data collection was to develop understanding about
various problems that are being faced by patient and finding approving appropriate solution for
maximising care practices. It has been concluded from the report that in order to regulate and
coordinate internal activities of body, different systems of body function together and
coordinates the entire body mechanism through their inter-relation
The project has suggested the various ways through which harmful diseses can be
prevented.It has recommended people to visit healthcare centers for regular checkups this will
help them to remmain healthy and reduce the bimapct of ageing on their body.

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Akoumianakis, I. and Antoniades, C., 2017. The interplay between adipose tissue and the
cardiovascular system: is fat always bad?. Cardiovascular Research.
Boas, F., 2017. Anthropology and modern life. Routledge.
Katz, A.M., 2017. Contractile proteins of the heart. Physiological Reviews. 50(1). pp.63-158.
Manzouri, A., Kosidou, K. and Savic, I., 2017. Anatomical and functional findings in female-to-
male transsexuals: testing a new hypothesis. Cerebral Cortex. 27(2). pp.998-1010.
Schoenherr, J.R. and Hamstra, S.J., 2017. Beyond Fidelity: Deconstructing the Seductive
Skalec, A. and Egerbacher, M., 2017. The deep fascia and retinacula of the equine forelimb–
structure and innervation. Journal of Anatomy.
Entwistle, V. A. and Quick, O., 2006. Trust in the context of patient safety problems. Journal of
Health Organization and Management. 20(5). pp. 397–416.
Fakhimi, M. and Probert, J., 2013. Operations research within UK healthcare: a review. Journal
of Enterprise Information Management. 26(1/2). pp. 21–49
Goodwin, N., Gruen, R. and Iles, V., 2006. Managing Health Services. McGraw-Hill
International.
Griffith, R. and Tengnah, C., 2011. Law and Professional Issues in Nursing. Learning Matters.
Handy, C., 2014. Housing, health and social care – an introduction. Journal of Integrated Care.
22(1). pp. 4–9.
Haworth, E. and et.al., 2002. GCSE Health and Social Care for Edexcel: Double Award.
Heinemann.
Herring, J., 2013. Q&A Medical Law 2013-2014. Routhledge.
Kline, R. and Preston-Shoot, M., 2012. Professional Accountability in Social Care and Health:
Challenging unacceptable practice and its management. Learning Matters.
Lethard, A. and McLaren, S., 2007. Ethics: contemporary challenge in health and social care.
The Policy Press.

Lishman, J., 2007. Handbook for practice learning in social work and social care: knowledge
and theory. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Lloyd, M., 2010. A Practical Guide to Care Planning in Health and Social Care. McGraw-Hill
International
McCulloch, A., 2003. The national service framework for mental health: past, present and future.
Mental Health Review. 8 (4). pp 7–17.
Mitchell, S., 2000. Modernising social services: the management challenge of the 1998 Social
Services White Paper. Oxford: Blackwell.
Moss, B., 2012. Communication Skills in Health and Social Care. SAGE.
Pike, L. and et.al., 2011. Training, knowledge and confidence in safeguarding adults: results
from a postal survey of the health and social care sector in a single county. Journal of
Adult Protection. 13(5). pp.259-274.
Secker, J., 2003. Promoting independence: but promoting what and how?. Ageing and Society.
(23). pp 375–91.
Sheehan, M. and Griffiths, J., 2011. Understanding the context of workplace health management
as it relates to workplace bullying. International Journal of Workplace Health
Management. 4(1). pp.5–12.
Tasman, A., 2008. Psychiatry. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VanVactor, J., 2013. Leveraging the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model as a health
care logistics support strategy. Leadership in Health Services. 26(2). pp.95 – 10.
Willis, O. D., 2013. Business Basics for Dentists. John Wiley & Sons.
Online
Nemade, R., Reiss, N. and Dombeck, M., 2007. Psychology Of Depression- Behavioral
Theories. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/psychology-
of-depression-behavioral-theories/>. [Accessed on: 20th October, 2015].