Human Body Systems: Nervous System

This assignment delves into the intricate workings of the human nervous system. It examines its structure, functions, and how it orchestrates various bodily processes. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the nervous system's role in transmitting signals throughout the body, regulating movement, processing sensory information, and enabling complex cognitive functions.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
PRINCIPLES FOR HEALTH
AND SOCIAL CARE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Three anatomical feature of human body and their function................................................1
.....................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Role of growth hormone in metabolism, growth and development. ....................................2
M3) Present and communicating appropriate finding.................................................................3
D1) Clinical importance of growth hormones............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Body response to everyday physical activity .......................................................................4
2.2 Body responses by cellular tissue structure and physiology.................................................4
2.3 Coordination of body with its internal activities...................................................................5
M2) Sources of information........................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Recording and use of routine measures in health and social care.........................................5
3.2 Usefulness of routine measures in providing information about body functioning..............6
3.3 Ways in which body functioning inform care planning for individuals...............................7
M1) Importance of recording body temperature and using other measurement tools................7
D2) Knowledge of body system and importance of routine testing regarding specific disease
condition......................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Impact of age on body structure and functioning..................................................................8
4.2 Common disorders on body structure and functioning.........................................................8
4.3 Effects of common disorders and infection to care of an individual....................................9
D3) Care planning for patients and variants in body structures..................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Function of nervous system in human body .............................................................2

INTRODUCTION
A human body is made up of many parts, among this nervous system, respiratory system,
muscles, reflexes are core parts of human body. Any kind of disruption in this can result in
negative consequence that can effect the working of other organs. Anatomy and physiology of
the body are very closely interconnected and are studied as part of medical science. Anatomy
where deal with physical structure of the human body, physiology on other hand deal with
function and work of any specific organ. In this report various function of the bodies are part are
discussed in detail along with cellular and tissue structure. Along with the cure are also
mentioned to various disease that occur due to old age or external factors.
TASK 1
LO 1
1.1 Three anatomical feature of human body and their function.
Human body its quite complex in nature it has various part that carry out different
function in order to work properly. Some of these features are mentioned below
Nervous system:
Nervous system is responsible to pass or transmit information in various part of the body.
In science neurotransmission is the term that describe the whole function of this system. Its made
of two part that is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system (Standring,
2015). CNS is consist of spinal cord and brain it has two basic function, the afferent nerve fibre
is responsible to receive the information and pass it to brain. After this brain process the sensory
info into relevant knowledge that is further transmitted to all the other part of body with the help
of Efferent nerve fibre. PNS is responsible for voluntary and involuntary reflexes, Voluntary
reflexes include cranial nerves and glands. In voluntary reflexes include spinal nerves and
pituitary glands.
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Illustration 1: Function of nervous system in human body
(Source: Nervous System. 2015).
Digestive system:
Digestive system play important role of turning the food into nutrients that are essential
for the growth. Digestive system in consisted of Mouth Throat, esophagus, stomach, colon,
rectum and anus (Kim and Chung, 2015). This system of body in responsible for the supply of
energy and growth.
Respiratory system:
Its an important part that help people breath. Respiratory system in responsible to inhale
the oxygen in the air and exhale CO2 out of the body. Its also responsible to provide oxygen to
various part of body cell and removing carbon dioxide which can be lethal, if its allowed to be
accumulate. The three important part of this system are the airways, the lungs and the muscles of
respiration.
1.2 Role of growth hormone in metabolism, growth and development.
Cellular metabolism can be identified as a collection of chemical reaction, for e.g. at the
time of digestion cellular metabolism can be concluded as the process that help in releasing
energy from nutrients.
The role of metabolism in growth and development: the metabolism help in creating a way that
help an individual in repairing themself and maintain the various bodily function. Its further
classified into two categories; Anabolism that involve formation of molecule with the help of
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enzymes, acid amino etc., that help in bodily function. Catabolism is just opposite where cell
splits so that they can support anabolic reaction in human growth (Herman, 2016).
The role of growth in human: Growth hormone have major effect on protein, liquid and
carbohydrates metabolism. It helps in processing sensory neurotransmission. It also plays major
role in allowing the muscles to respond and grow strong bones and maintain high energy level.
The growth hormone can have direct effect and indirect effects (Dixon and et. al., 2015). Direct
effect result in binding of growth hormone to on particular cell. For e.g. growth hormone effect
on fat cell will suppress their ability in accumulating circulating lipids. While indirect effect are
mostly consisted of Insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) its hormone that is released from liver and
other tissue response to it major of growth effects are courtesy of this hormone.
M3) Present and communicating appropriate finding
A human body is consisted of various biological system that work individually and help
body to perform well. In order to identify various feature of anatomical features, the various
function and the structure of this function has been studied properly. For e.g. nervous system
play major role in transferring various information to brain and then to other part of body. The
structure of is consisted of two part that has already been discussed before (Koeck and et. al.,
2015). Spinal cord and brain are two important part of this structure. Spinal cord is responsible to
pass the information to the brain which later are transform in other part of the body. Other than
this digestive system along with respiratory system has also been included. The main function of
this is to change the nutrients in the food that play major role in the supplying the energy to
whole body and sustaining its activity. While Respiratory system help in supplying oxygen in
various part of body so that it can carry out various activity.
D1) Clinical importance of growth hormones
Hormones play major role in the growth of individual. Its growth hormone that is
responsible for development of various part of the human body such as growth of
neurotransmission, muscles, strong bones and maintaining high energy in the body (Dai and et.
al., 2015). The excess of this hormone lead to pituitary tumour that cause headache, impair
vision because of the pressure on optic nerves. Its necessary to monitor this hormone so that
proper growth can be brought.
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TASK 2
LO 2
2.1 Body response to everyday physical activity
A young aged man of 25 goes to college daily from 10 am to 5 pm his body respond to
series of integrated function one of them is mentioned below
Respiratory system: When a person goes through hard physical task, its body respond to
him through series changes that are integrated in nature that create major change in function
which consist of physiological system. Any movement made by body require proper activation
of and control of musculoskeletal system. The cardio vascular and respiratory system provide the
ability to people to sustain their movement for longer period (Muscolino, 2016). In an college a
normal student goes through various activities such as sitting in class and attending lecture or
playing some game. Sitting in classroom doesn't require much effort but when a person goes
through series of exercise, the respiratory system start working fast so that they can meet the
demand of oxygen in the body. Working muscles with fast reflexes need more oxygen in their
blood circulation, so respiratory system has to work fast in order to meet that need. The
respiratory system of human body work according to the situation. If a person is doing
sententious work than it will work at rapid speed but if it's exerting any physical effort than it
work at normal pace.
2.2 Body responses by cellular tissue structure and physiology
Cellular and tissue structure impacted after every activity of a normal person as;
breathing, eating, movement etc. However, muscle movement, nervous system, blood pressure
and kidney functions of body get affected. It is considered that cellar tissue structure are varied
from body to another therefore, different responds are identified after each activity. For instance,
high and low blood pressure, increasing or decreasing number of bones, changes in organ system
of a body etc. Therefore, different effects are identified on physic and internal system of human
body as well. On analysing breathing, eating and other activities, it is identified that increasing in
cells and development of human body get impacted (Chen, 2015). For example; eating
influences skin, hair, nails, hight and weight. Similarly, changes in metabolism rate is identified
during exercise which remain good for health care of an individual. Thus, several positive
impacts are recognised on human body as of different activities like; breathing, eating and others.
Moreover, it also impacted on internal system of body in context to temperature, digestion,
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increasing cells and so on. Hence, it is to suggested for an individual to do exercise, eat properly
and maintain his/her health.
2.3 Coordination of body with its internal activities
Human body coordinates with its internal activities in terms of nervous system, body
temperature, heart rate, blood sugar etc. It impacted for different body differently as depends on
breathe, eat and other activities for an individual of normal age. In this regard, activities done by
an individual impacted on his/her internal systems also body temperature get balanced and
maintained. Likewise, blood rotation remains systematic in respect of glucose and other
parameters. However, different positive outcomes are identified for human body and maintaining
systems effectively. It can be understood with the help of homeostasis refers as balanced
condition of organs and equilibrium in balances of body functions (Ashpole and et.al., 2015). In
order to this, it is linked with controlling mechanisms possesses three interdependent
components including receptor, control centre and effector. Where, receptor is for controlling
and responding to changes in environment whether it is internal or external. Similarly, control
centre emphasis on systematic maintenance of human body. And, effector is for bringing change
back to normal state. Thus, internal activities of body get impacted as of breathing, exercise,
eating and other activities. As breathing is related with heart rate and gaseous exchanges in
lungs, regulation of body temperature and so on. Similarly, eating is linked with absorption of
nutrients and other internal body systems also influences its maintenances. Likewise,
reabsorption in kidneys and metabolic responses effectively through exercising. Thus, body's
internal activities also get impacted as of doing breathing, excessing and physical activities for
individuals.
M2) Sources of information
Gathered information in relation to body activities and their impact on human body as
well internal factors positively (Poniatowski and et.al., 2015). However, these all information are
accurate and related to gain knowledge regarding as well referenced and cited properly.
TASK 3
3.1 Recording and use of routine measures in health and social care
Routine measures are done in different ways as recording blood pressure rate, Electro-
diagram (ECG), measuring respiration rate, temperature and so on. However, fluctuations in
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these rates impact on human body both positively and negatively. According to case scenario,
old man who is suffering from increasing hypertension and chest pain reports to GP practices. As
it is suggested for him to routine measures as mentioned below: Recording temperature: Body temperature is measured through orally, Armpit, by ear
and skin as well rectally (Waters, 2016). However, normal body temperature is
considered as 97.8 degree to 99.1 degree. As fever is recognised when this temperature
cross 100 degree. Therefore, recording temperature is essential for treatment of patient
and reducing the disease as well. Recording pulse rate: It is to demonstrate number of time heart pumps. For an average
aged person, it is ideal as getting 100 beats per minute. However, ups and downs in this
rate is also a reason of hypertension and chest pain. Blood pressure rate: For an average person, blood pressure rate is between 80 to 120. As
the cause of hypertension and chest pain is also determined due to fluctuations in this rate
(Nori and et.al., 2015). Including this, heart related diseases and other disorders are
occurred because of ups and downs in blood pressure rate.
 Recording Electro-diagram (ECG): In accordance to this recording, ECG rhythm level is
identified which impacted on human body and temperature as well. In this regard, reason
for occurrence of chest pain is identified as of fluctuation in this rate. Therefore, on
identifying changes in these rates, appropriate decision can make for treatment and
controlling over fluctuations in rates.
3.2 Usefulness of routine measures in providing information about body functioning
It is essential for analysing cause of hypertension and chest pain of patient by recording
temperature and using other tools for measurement. In order to this, reasons behind the disease
and appropriate solution can find out. However, information can get regarding occurrence of
diseases which impacted on human body negatively. In this regard, routine measures are useful
for which body functioning and maintenance can gain effectively (Squires and Anderson, 2015).
Moreover, solutions are obtained to create balances and increasing immunity system of human
body. Along with this, information are gathered appropriately as above 100 degree of
temperature, there is fever occurs as well heart related diseases are occurred as fluctuation in
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blood pressure rate etc. Thus, recording routine measures remains effective to get information
and determining reason behind occurrence of hypertension and chest pain related diseases.
Including this, it remains suitable to find out appropriate solutions and taking care of an
individual patient more effectively. In addition to this, linked diseases with any particular health
problem is identified. For example; blood sugar is occurred due to hypertension and fluctuation
in pulse as well blood pressure rate (Schore, 2015). Therefore, variety of ideas are also generated
to control over obtained diseases and decreasing pressures. In addition to this, ideas related to
make peace and health promotion are recognised. Therefore, recording body temperature and
using tools remain significant for reducing weaknesses and proper taking care of an individual
appropriately.
3.3 Ways in which body functioning inform care planning for individuals
On recording body temperature and other check ups of the patient who is suffering from
headache and chest pain, some information are obtained for his health issues. As it is identified
that his pulse rate got higher than of required for an average man. Likewise, chest pain is
occurred as of observing electro-diagram and a root cause of hypertension. Similarly, due to
having high blood pressure, he got suffered from stress (Sousa, 2016). However, these
informations are gathered as of occurrence of his diseases and can affect internal system of body
negatively. It is essential to reduce these health issues and providing treatment efficiently.
Including this, it is also needed to create environment according to taking care of patient and
working for reducing tension and pain as well. Along with this, it is required for planning
appropriately in terms of taking care of patient therefore occurred health issues can reduce
effectively as well improve effectively.
M1) Importance of recording body temperature and using other measurement tools
For finding root cause of occurred health issues, it is needed to use measurement tools
and checking body temperature (Kim and Chung, 2015). Therefore, information regarding
occurrence of health issues can obtained. On which, appropriate treatment and proper solutions
can find out to take care of them effectively.
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D2) Knowledge of body system and importance of routine testing regarding specific disease
condition
It is recognised that body system get impacted positively as of doing deep breathing,
exercising, eating properly and living in effective environment. However, an individual's
immunity and nervous system get improved as of appropriate taking care and getting aware with
health care at maximum level (Dai and et.al., 2015). Including this, it is also evaluated that
routine measurements and check ups of body are essential to reduce issues occurred due to
fluctuations in rates as of blood pressure, pulse rate and so on. Thus, testing remains appropriate
for taking care of an individual and promoting his/her health more efficiently.
TASK 4
4.1 Impact of age on body structure and functioning
In the given case scenario, it is recognised that an old woman as patient who is suffering
from arthritis which is disease of inflammation of one or more joints of knees. It occurs due to
pain, swelling, stiffness and so on. As she is not able to heal and moving her leg well also wound
is getting developed with time. The reason behind this issue is also aged factor and different
reasons which affects her body structure adversely (Koeck and et.al., 2015). It is recognised that
she behaves as intolerance towards her pain as of lack of confidence in comparison to an adult or
youngster. Similarly, she is feeling week as time is running. In addition to this, her body
structure is also getting unshaped therefore she is unable to do exercise and healing leg as well.
Therefore, different issues are occurred as isolation due to hearing loss, loss of mobility,
autonomy etc. as affects social factors negatively. Thus, it is recognised that age factor affects
treatment and dealing with patients badly as in terms of body functioning and weakness in
internal systems of the patient.
4.2 Common disorders on body structure and functioning
It is analysed that occurred health issue impacted on body functions and structure of the
patient. As it is obtained that she is getting week from time to time as decreasing in cells, weak
nervous and immunity system, physical and mental disorder. For example; other health issues
like; less hearing, feeling weak and isolation, lack of confidence to get fit and ready. Likewise,
fluctuations in blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature etc. It is also identified that she got
too weak as of unable to heal her leg well and wound is getting increased with time (Chen,
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2015). Therefore, both physical and mental disorders get increased with time which remain
unable to reduce to handle the patient as because of increased age.
4.3 Effects of common disorders and infection to care of an individual
It is recognised that for the increasing arthritis of the knee of the aged patient affects her
internal body factors and other issues also occurred as physical and mental disorders. Including
this, infection in leg is getting increased also affects body structure. Therefore, it is needed to
care for her properly and creating atmosphere to feeling her confident. As providing proper
nutrients and appropriate taking care for her is needed to reduce wound and health issues she is
suffering from as well.
D3) Care planning for patients and variants in body structures
It is required to proper caring of individual and creating environment as to reduce tension
and appropriate body structure. Including this, care planning for patients includes nutrients and
time scheduling for medicine, environment where they live and so on (Nori and et.al., 2015).
Therefore, occurred health issues can be reduced in terms of proper care as well.
CONCLUSION
From above report it can be concluded that the human body is made of complex structure
consist of various biological bodies that have its own function and structure this all function help
in carrying out daily activities. Growth metabolism play major role in the growth of an individual
its necessary of them to keep monitoring this as it can have negative effect if this are releasing in
the excess. How a young man breath on normal day is also mentioned. The respiratory system
work on the activities that are carried out by an individual. Other than this body coordination
with internal activities and role of routine measure is also mentioned. Effect of age on the
function of the body are also discussed in detail.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Ashpole, N. M. and et.al., 2015. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the aging
brain. Experimental gerontology, 68, pp.76-81.
Chen, R., 2015. A paradigm shift in biomass technology from complete to partial cellulose
hydrolysis: lessons learned from nature. Bioengineered. 6(2). pp.69-72.
Dai, Y. and et. al., 2015. Effects of elevated temperature on sucrose metabolism and cellulose
synthesis in cotton fibre during secondary cell wall development. Functional plant
biology. 42(9). pp.909-919.
Dixon, A. K. and et. al., 2015. Human sectional anatomy: atlas of body sections, CT and MRI
images. CRC Press.
Herman, I. P., 2016. Physics of the human body. Springer.
Kim, S. H. and Chung, K. Y., 2015. Medical information service system based on human 3D
anatomical model. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 74(20). pp.8939-8950.
Koeck, D. E. and et.al., 2015. Herbinix hemicellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic
cellulose-degrading bacterium isolated from a thermophilic biogas reactor. International
journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 65(8). pp.2365-2371.
Muscolino, J. E., 2016. The Muscular System Manual-E-Book: The Skeletal Muscles of the
Human Body. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Nori, F. and et.al., 2015. iCub whole-body control through force regulation on rigid non-coplanar
contacts. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 2, p.6.
Poniatowski and et.al., 2015. Transforming growth factor Beta family: insight into the role of
growth factors in regulation of fracture healing biology and potential clinical
applications. Mediators of inflammation, 2015.
Schore, A. N., 2015. Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional
development. Routledge.
Sousa, D. A., 2016. How the brain learns. Corwin Press.
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Squires, D. and Anderson, C., 2015. US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of
services, prices, and health in 13 countries. The Commonwealth Fund. 15. pp.1-16.
Standring, S., 2015. Gray's Anatomy E-Book: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Waters, M. J., 2016. The growth hormone receptor. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 28. pp.6-
10.
Online
Nervous system. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html>.
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