PICOT Statement and Literature Search for Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing

Running head: PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
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1PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
Evidence based practice in nursing is observed in order to make quality decisions and
deliver nursing acre that is based upon the clinical expertise that is related to the combination of
the most relevant and recent researches. Evidence based nursing is generally implemented in
order to be updated to the most up to date methods of health care delivery (DiCenso, Guyatt &
Ciliska, 2014). This has been proved through appraisal of high quality studies and statistically
significant research findings. The primary goal of evidence based practice is to elevate the level
of improvement in field of the health and safety of patients (LoBiondo-Wood et al., 2013). Here
the evidence based practice is focuses on palliative care that can be provided to the older adults
suffering from depression especially in the care home setting. A clinical question can be
developed from this scenario of evidence based practice using the PICO framework. This PICO
helps to easily answer the determined clinical question and it also helps to facilitate the literature
search (Kloda & Bartlett, 2013). This paper therefore aims to identify a clinical question from
the selected area of evidence based practice of nursing. Using the clinical question the paper will
provide a PICO question using the PICO framework. Literature sources retrieved from databases
like CINAHL and Medline will be provided in the paper along with the abstract of the article.
The PICO framework is as follows:
P- Patient, Problem or Population
I- Intervention,
C-Comparison or Control, and
O-Outcome
The PICO question that can be structured from the above mentioned scenario is as follows:
“Is cognitive therapy useful to manage depression in the older adults in the care home setting?”

2PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
From the above question, the PICO components can be identified as
P (population) - Older adults
I (intervention) - Cognitive therapy
C (comparison) -none
O (outcome) -Management of depression
List of related literature:
Literature related to the selected area of the evidence practice is retrieved through the use
of various databases like CINAHL, Medline and Google scholar. The search terms that were
used in order to conduct the search consisted of “depression, older adults, cognitive therapy,
palliative care, care homes and depression management”. The AND operator was used in order
to conduct the search using all the search terms together is order to retrieve the most appropriate
literature related to the selected field of evidence based practice. The search was conducted for
the papers which were published in English language and between the years 2013 and 2018.
Quantitative research articles-
Article 1
Wagner, B., Horn, A. B., & Maercker, A. (2014). Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive-
behavioral intervention for depression: a randomized controlled non-inferiority
trial. Journal of affective disorders, 152, 113-121.

3PICOT STATEMENT AND LITERATURE SEARCH
Abstract:
Background and aims
Previous studies have shown that the research that has been conducted has revealed internet-
based interventions to have advantageous effects on the management of depression. In spite of
this, it is found that there is only mention of few clinical trials in literature that has compared
internet-based depression therapy with the face-to-face treatment, which is considered to be
equivalent. Therefore this study aims to investigate the treatment outcomes of both these
interventions and compare them in terms of depression using a non-inferiority trial of a
randomized manner.
Method
62 individuals had participated in the trial who were suffering from depression. Sampling was
done randomly and 32 of them were assigned to the intervention group that was therapist-
supported, while 30 participants were assigned to face-to-face intervention. The interventions
were conducted for a period of 8 weeks which were cognitive-behavioral therapy based
principles. Both of the groups has received similar treatment and in the same time- frame and
chronological order. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was the primary outcome and the
secondary outcome were identified as suicidal ideation, anxiety, hopelessness and automatic
thoughts.
Results
There was no significant inter-group difference the intention-to-treat analysis for any of the pre-
to post-treatment measurements whether it was online vs. face-to-face group. There were
symptoms identified at the post-treatment which showed that there was a comparison before the