PID in Control System - Working, Equations, Limitations and Countermeasures

PID In Control System
PID Controller –It stands for proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller).
They are used in many industries as automatic process control. They can be used to regulate
temperature, pressure, changing flow and many other processes in industries. The 3
coefficients of PID are different in different PIDs according to the need to get optimal
response [2].
Fig 1: PID controller [2]
Example: Temperature Control using a PID controller
How PID works?
In manual control the controller will read the process variable time to time to change or
control different variables. In case of automatic control adjustments and changes are made
continuously to make continuous changes and maintain control over the variable [1].
Industries use PID. This algorithm is basically for manipulating the error.
ERROR = PV – SP
PV - process variable,
SP - Set point [3].