Pilot Implementation of Learning Management System for Tanzanian Higher Education Institutions

This proposal focuses on the pilot implementation of a Learning Management System (LMS) for Tanzanian higher education institutions, with Ardhi University as a case study. The goal is to address the increasing demand for higher education in Tanzania and bridge the gap between demand and supply. The proposal outlines the SMART goals, LMS task requirements, users and their roles, technical requirements, expected metrics, evaluation criteria, and crucial inquiries after implementation. The project plan checklist and initial research methods are also discussed.

2020
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF A
EM
01/10/2020

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Table of Contents
Problem statement.........................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Project Summary...........................................................................................................................................................3
SMART goals for successful implementation of Learning Management System.........................................................4
LMS task requirements.................................................................................................................................................4
Users and their roles......................................................................................................................................................5
Technical requirements.................................................................................................................................................5
Expected metrics:..........................................................................................................................................................5
Evaluation criteria for determining the feasibility of the LMS......................................................................................6
Crucial inquiries after the completion of the implementation.......................................................................................7
What is next?................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Project plan checklist after the pilot implementation....................................................................................................7
Literature review.....................................................................................................................................................11
Other methods.........................................................................................................................................................11
Research after launching.............................................................................................................................................12
Budget development for the implementation of LMS project.....................................................................................12
Project timeline...........................................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Reflection....................................................................................................................................................................14
References...................................................................................................................................................................17

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Problem statement
There has been an unprecedented increase in the demand for higher education in Tanzania. Currently,
there has been a large number of student enrolment in universities compared to any other time in the
recent past. Therefore, the demand for university education in Tanzania surpasses its supply. Such an
inequality between demand and supply can be well illustrated through the two most important ratios
pertaining to education sector that is, teacher to student ratio and textbook to student ratio which is
approximately 1:51 and 1:10 respectively, indicating a huge gap between the demand and supply of
education in Tanzania. It has been found from the statistics of education sector for the year 2020, that
for number of pupils that is, 1059 who are enrolling for the higher education, there is only 17 teachers
are available which gives rise to a very higher ratio of pupils to teacher that comes around 62. In the
year 2020, Ministry budget identifies approximately 25000 shortage of teachers while stating the
reason of poor supply of education against the demand for education in Tanzania. It is because of the
reason that teachers are the main or basic input responsible for the performance of education sector as
they have the main role in the process of delivering education along with enhancing the quality of
education in the nation.
A measure that universities can put in place to cope with the increasing demand is the use of
Information and communication technology (ICT).
Introduction
Learning management systems (LMS) can be defined as “a suite of services designed to deliver,
track, report on, and administer learning content, student progress, and student interactions." In
this project, Moodle is the LMS of choice due to its convenience in terms of customization to the
needs of Tanzanian institutions. Moodle is an Open Source Software(OSS); thus, the base coding
is available for public use and can be tailored to the needs of the institutions in question,
bypassing the cost hurdles in adapting LMS developed for non-Tanzanian education institutions.
With the recent COVID19 pandemic crisis all around the world, Tanzanian universities got shut
down, and students were unable to continue with study programs online due to the absence of a
platform where study resources could be made available as well as assessments.
In consideration of this and any other future crises, as well as the ongoing efficiency in ensuring
education support; it has become evident that there is need for a smooth, functional, and
affordable LMS that is customised to cater to the Tanzanian higher education sector.
Project Summary
This proposal will expand on the implementation of LMS designed for Tanzanian higher
education institutions, using Ardhi University in Dar Es Salaam as a study case.
Ardhi University is the right institution for this trial implementation as it has a manageable
number of enrolled students (3500). There have not been any reports on the use of a pre-existing
LMS. At the moment, student and staff training resources availability are via emails sent or
printed notes.
In this adaptation, Instructor-led training is to be employed; that is, educators will be responsible
for the overall task assignment and monitoring.

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SMART goals for successful implementation of Learning Management System
Smart goals states the objectives of implementing the learning management system in terms of specific
objectives, which should be measurable, attainable, relevant and bounded by a time frame during with the
specific objective of the project should be necessarily achieved. The specific objectives pertaining to the
LMS project implementation are stated below:
Specific: To develop a unique module to enhance creativity, storage, publication and exchange of learning
materials.
To develop a unique mechanism for ensuring the protection of stored databases and information, ensuring
appropriate management of the users of the system and allow proper flow of learning materials to the
learners.
Measurement: To ensure the reduction of 50% of the current gap prevailing between the forces of demand
for education and supply of education.
Attainment: The implementation of LMS in the education system of Tanzania will target students who are
enrolling themselves for the higher education, but not getting an opportunity to access the education due to
the shortage of input responsible for granting education. So, with the help of LMS, satisfaction of the
demand of those student who are not getting access to education would become possible which would
results in reduction in the gap between demand and supply.
Relevancy: LMS is relevant for both students and teachers. As students demand for education get satisfied
with the help of online availability learning materials and teachers and teachers will be benefitted with
accessing large number of students at a time without investing much on resources needed. Stored learning
materials can be easily accessed by students which has been uploaded by teachers.
Time – Bound: The objectives so stated above will be met within the period of two to three years that is by
2023 and accordingly it can be said that by 2023 there will be considerable reduction in the gap prevailing
between demand and supply.
LMS task requirements
Tasks to be performed by the LMS include:
 Enrolment of students
 Uploading of study resources
 Creation of online assessments
 Online discussion forums

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 Important course announcements.

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Users and their roles
The LMS is to have four categories of users:
Administrator (LMS administrator): Unlimited access to all the LMS capabilities,
administration, and training on the use of the product.
Supervisor/Program coordinator: Identifying key performance indicators of subordinates and
assigning learning content.
Instructor (Lecturer/tutor): Uploads study materials to the platform, can see the course
statistics, engage with the learners on discussion forums, and create assessments.
Learner: Studies assigned courses and takes assessments.
These roles are not limited. An individual can have more than one part on the platform.
Technical requirements
The LMS will be a cloud-based system; that is, it will be accessible via the world wide web from
Tanzania.
An Australian based company known as Amazutech has offered to collaborate in this project and
host the Moodle linked site in their servers in Sydney Australia and manage up to 5000 user
accounts on the platform for six months after the kickstart of the implementation.
Before the project launch, the university's security requirements will be put into consideration to
determine its privacy policy and how to handle data such as logins and passwords. This is to
ensure the monitoring of data availability to different users of the platform.
Moreover, the team will assess software that is important to the department's education delivery
for compatibility with the platform and the possibility of integration.
Expected metrics:
The project will initially be executed in the School of Architecture, Construction Economics and
Management (SACEM) at Ardhi University in a semester. This department has five
undergraduate degree programs with each program allowing a course load of four courses per
semester.
Therefore 20 courses will be uploaded and monitored strictly based on the criteria put in place in
evaluating the LMS suitability in the university.

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Evaluation criteria for determining the feasibility of the LMS
The criteria to be used to consider Moodle for future use are as follows:
 Functionality – If the platform works as expected, and every function runs smoothly.
Features include course and assessment management, communication, and the number of
enrolments.
 The technology used – If the site's maintenance is manageable and can perform in
conjunction with other eLearning resources.
 Costs – How much the hardware and software running will cost, and if the amount used
can be justified.
 Software suitability – If it is compatible with all the operating systems and caters to
the needs of the users.
 Viability – Determining the user base and platform utility over the trial phase.
 Ability to attract more stakeholders, Which may include Learning director or manager,
Learners, line supervisors, unit leaders for every unit of the business, subject matter experts,
technical experts, narrators, etc. who are directly related to the successful implementation of the
project of learning management system.
 Its Ability to handle substantial traffic in the servers at any time.
 The extent to which the platform met the weekly platform expectations in terms of usage
and performance.
Crucial inquiries after the completion of the implementation
For the program coordinators and lecturers.
 What goals was the university focused on?
 What were training/studies outcomes more critical to the faculties?
 How can the LMS experience support those goals?
 What was the one aspect that was the most important to track?
Questioning the process.
 Was the training by the administrator impactful in the way anticipated?
 Does this impact align with the university goals enough to create a business relationship?
 Did the project satisfy the evaluation criteria?
What is next?
Upon evaluation of the results by data analysis, system reports, and experience surveys, the
product will be improved based on the reviews. The project will go to the next phase.
Project plan checklist after the pilot implementation

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Define Training Strategy
Define goals, audience, success metrics
Confirm launch dates, phases, milestones, and owners
Define requirements
Define user communication plan
Content Creation
Determine university content needs
Training on Creating and publishing courses
Identify content gaps
Customisation
Review Theming options and Branding requirements
Define administrators
Confirm university settings
Decide and confirm domain name
Decide and set up domain access
Create groups for analytics
Determine log in plan (i.e., self-registration or manage students)

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Communication Plan
Determine communication plan between users.
Determine who will be sending communication
Determine communication content
Decide when communications will be sent
Define communication goals
Technical Set-up / Integrations
Set up custom domain
SSL/HTTPS for a custom domain
Integration
Testing
Test user experience end-to-end
Test educator experience and document how-to
Review administrator experience in dashboard
Review emails that are sent and where they come from
Integration testing

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Launch
Enrolment of students by educators
Send communication
Review analytics to ensure people are signing up
Obtain feedback from users
Launch
Post-Launch
Review feedback from users, make changes to process or content as
needed
Plan next phases; meet and plan accordingly
Quarterly Review
Initial research methods and outcome
Literature review
Brunvard, S., Luera, G. R., Marra, T., & Peet, M. (2011). Implementing an Open Source ePortfolio in
Higher Education. Free and Open Source Software for E-Learning. doi:10.4018/9781615209170.ch009
This article describes the identification of goals, selection of an Open Source Platform and the initial
implementation stages of an Integrative Knowledge ePortfolio Process. It also describes Open Source
Platforms so that a reader can apprehend what this new technology entails. Also, the article will help
identify the goals of the five universities based on the needs that were identified.
Mgendi, M. F. (2010). Introducing web based Elearning platform at an African university. In ISPRS
Commission VI mid-term symposium. Enschede: ISPRS.
The author discusses how the introduction of web-based electronic learning platforms places African
universities on an equal footing with other universities. Through experience as a University Webmaster,
the author discusses how the introduction of Moodle, an open source platform helps addresses issue
universities face. This article is important as it gives an insight on how the needs of Tanzanian university
will be addressed through the introduction of OSS.
Mtebe, J. S., Dachi, H., & Raphael, C. (2011). Integrating ICT into teaching and learning at the

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University of Dar es Salaam. Distance Education, 32(2), 289-294. doi:10.1080/01587919.2011.584854
This source identifies the University of Dar es Salaam as the only one that has managed to implement
Open Source Software platforms such as WebCT and Blackboard in its systems. The journal is an
important source of data on how these OSS platforms have helped to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of educational processes, impacts, and outcomes at the university.
Sife, A., Lwoga, E., & Sanga, C. (2007). New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for
higher learning institutions in developing countries. International journal of education and development
using ICT, 3(2), 57-67.
This article discusses how ICTs change the delivery of higher education. The authors write that socio-
economic and pedagogical forces have driven higher learning institutions to incorporate and adopt open
source platforms. The article is important because it analyzes various challenges associated with the
integration of these new technologies, which Tanzania is most likely to face, and gives the best
approaches to address these challenges
Other methods
Interviews to students of five universities in Tanzania that might benefit from the implementation of
LMS were conducted. These universities include Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Mzumbe
University, the University of Dodoma, Ardhi University, and the Open University of Tanzania (OUT).
The implementation of LMS by these universities is very low despite the opportunities that open source
technology offer. Internet research further identifies some common need among these five Tanzanian
universities. These include basic ICT infrastructure, attitudinal challenges (like underperformance and
disagreement with the managerial decisions) by staff and students that limit full-scale adoption of e-
learning, non-optimal utilization of program facilities, and technical incompetence. Thus, an
introduction of LMS in these institutions could help address these challenges.
Research after launching
This pilot program will entail both descriptive and quantitative survey methodologies. These designs
have been preferred because the research will answer questions about how much, what, which, when,
how, and who. A descriptive analysis will be carefully designed to ensure a complete description of the
situation of Ardhi University, ensuring that there is minimal bias in the way data is collected as well as
reduce errors in the interpretation of data.
On the other hand, a quantitative design will be used because it maximizes the generalizability,
replicability, and objectivity of data findings, and it allows for future predictions. Integral to these two
approaches, there is the expectation that as a researcher, no biases, perception, and personal experiences
will be employed to ensure that the conduct of the study and the conclusions made are objective.
Primary data will be collected using three tools of research upon greenlight of the pilot program. This
includes focused group discussions (FGD), in-depth interview, and questionnaires.
Structured questionnaires about the implemented LMS will be administered to students, lecturers, and
staff in the university. In-depth interviews regarding their views on the technology will be conducted on
deputy vice-chancellors, registrars in charge of academic affairs, deans of relevant schools, directors or
coordinators of open learning and distance-learning institutes, and officers from the Ministry of Higher
Education.
Five FGDs (Focus Group Discussion – Gathering similar group of people to discuss a specific topic of
interest for all) each with a maximum of 12 people will be conducted. Only lecturers with written
modules that have been posted on university platforms will participate in the FGDs. Secondary data will
be obtained from soft and hard copies obtained from libraries and the Internet (including social

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platforms and forums) about Introduction of Open Source Software LMS in universities.
Budget development for the implementation of LMS project
Explanation: The below estimates are based on already conducted research in the field of LMS to understand the
feasibility and viability of this project. Salaries will paid to IT experts who will help in developing LMS portal, fees
will be paid to subject matter experts which includes payment made to professors and teachers to aid in creating
content library. Project manager remuneration are paid to the advisory group leader who aids in moving through the
implementation of this project. Content development costs are incurred for providing study materials to the learners.
Also, there is a compliance cost known as SCORM needed to meet for sharing content in LMS. There are other
administrative costs which includes expenses incurred on timely conduction of test and assessments, providing
certificates for degree courses and obtaining licenses from universities to present themselves online. Overhead costs
include implementing the project for the use by learners, research costs incurred on conducting pilot study and
testing the feasibility of the idea, providing training to employees to operate LMS successfully and maintainance
costs for upgrading the portal on a timely basis.
The following budget has been prepared for the implementation of LMS project:
Particulars Amount
Revenue derived from LMS (subscription amount received from learners) $ 50000
Less: deduction for expenses
Personnel expenses
Salaries and wages paid to IT experts
Fees paid to subject matter experts
Remuneration to the project manager
Wages to supporting staff
$5000
$10000
$2000
$5000
$22000
Non – personnel expenses
Administrative expenses
Content development cost
SCORM Compliance cost
Cost of developing tests and assessments
Certification cost
Licensing fee
Overhead expenses
Implementation cost
Research cost
Cost pilot testing
Cost of training to employees to operate LMS
Maintenance cost
Return on investment
$2000
$1000
$1500
$500
$500
$2000
$3000
$2000
$2000
$1000
$15500
$37500

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Project timeline
Task name / week Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
Wee
k 5
Week
6
Week
7
Week
8
Wee
k 9
Week
10
Week
11
Week
12
Wee
k 13
Week
14
Identification and
statement of problem
Defining goals and
objectives
Conducting feasibility
study
Preparing blueprint
Developing proposal of
LMS
Contracting with IT
experts
Meeting with subject
matter experts
Identification of financial
requirements
Procurement of finance
Developing a team of
experts
Conducting pilot testing
Additional research for
understanding the demand
and expectation of
universities, teachers and
students
Stakeholder analysis to
study the relevancy of
LMS
Expansion of pilot study
by including more
faculties and students
Partnering with
universities and
institutions
Collecting data pertaining
to the research conducted
Analyzing data to
understand the viability of
the idea of implementing
LMS
Submission of findings
obtained from analysis to
the advisory group
Reviewing the results of
the pilot study conducted
Drawing conclusion from
the review of findings and
results
Presenting
recommendation to the
core team for further
actions towards
implementation of LMS
Conclusion
Some universities have demonstrated efforts for utilizing the potential of ICT in improving quality of
teaching and learning, access to education, to capitalize on the ability of ICTs to support learners and
teachers’ activities.
In the case of Tanzania, a special case of ICT includes the introduction of Open Source Software (OSS)
such as Moodle Learning Management System to its higher education institutions. The Tanzanian

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government and higher learning institutions (HLI’s) recognize ICTs such as OSS act as a tool to improve
the delivery, outcomes, and impact of education as evidenced through the national strategies, policies,
and plans. Different universities have different needs; hence each must adopt an Open Source Software
that meets its needs and demands. Research proves that the use of Open Source Software in higher
learning institutions has benefits in that it provides access to electronic materials that supplement face-
to-face classroom, learning, improves quality of education, and increases access to education through
blended and distance learning.
Ethical consideration: While implementing the project, it would be ensured that only those who are
authorized through the system could be able to access the databases containing personal information of
teachers and students. Also, before implementation the written consent will be taken from students to
ensure their agreement over such educational developments. It will be disclosed to students regarding the
information collected from them during pilot study and the manner in which it will be utilized by the
researcher. Also a great sort of privacy will be maintained to protect the learner’s interest by applying the
necessary code of conduct on all the associated stakeholders.
Reflection
I have undertook this project to identify the cause of why students are not able to access education in
Tanzania and what render the huge gap between the demand for education against the supply of education
in Tanzania. So, to find and study the solutions that would be helpful in overcoming, reducing and
avoiding such gaps between the two forces of demand and supply in the education sector of Tanzania, I
have undertook this project to evaluate the viability of implementing the Information and Communication
Technology within education sector through the introduction of Open Source Software such as Moodle
Learning Management System, as many universities and institution are implementing such ICT through
LMS in their duty of delivering education to large audience.
I get interested in this project due to the self – motivation arise out the prevailing condition in the
education sector of Tanzania. Being a student of Information Technology, I recognized that how this
knowledge could be utilized for the current underdeveloped education system of Tanzania. Yes, there is no
denying the fact that my career goal has to do a lot with this project as I have a plan to set up a unique LMS
for universities and educational institutions of Tanzania out of my broad knowledge in the field of ICT.
With the implementation of this project I will be able to explore through my career goals in a way by
building my career through developing LMS for Tanzanian universities.
The research work so undertaken by me has a lot to do with my future, as I have study how it can be

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possible to implement LMS project for the universities in Tanzania, did the teachers and students agree
with such developments or whether there is enough funding available to move forward. I have identified
through the research that there is an initiative known as (Ashinaga Africa Initiative) which is a program
designed for providing funding towards educational development to the universities in the nation providing
higher education degree courses. Also, I found that due to lower supply of education against the high
demand for education which is indicated through the number of enrollments each year and students
actually get admitted in schools or universities, both teachers and students are seems to be highly agreed
with this development in education sector.
I am too worried about that how should I fund this project but after coming across the proposal of
Ashinaga, I relieved myself that there is abundant financial support available to capitalize this idea and
opportunity for attaining my career goals. I begin my planning by preparing a timeline to aid myself
accomplishing my short terms tasks or goals on the right time, so that my long term or biggest objective of
implementing project can be accomplished at the planned time. Firstly I have set goals and objectives, then
I have conducted feasibility study and accordingly prepared a proposal of this project, then I met with
many experts in the field of IT and subject matter experts of different fields, I have prepared budget and
accordingly researched for external financial sources, then I carried out a pilot study to understand the
viability of the project and examine the stakeholder’s agreement to adopt this development. I have duly
prepared budgets on timely basis to ensure that whether the project is economically feasible or not.
In this way I have learnt a lot from this project in terms of skills learnt such as analytical skills, problem
solving skills, numeracy skills, ICT skills and time management skills. The detailed study conducted on the
education sector of Tanzania and application of ICT for the development of this sector helps me in
preparing this proposal to be presented to the core team of the universities to decide and adopt such LMS
for their concerns. Accordingly, if this proposal is accepted at higher level then, I have a plan to work upon
this development to accomplish my career plans in the field of ICT by partnering with universities and
educational institutions to implement LMS in order to meet higher demand for education in the country.

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References
The contents of this project proposal have considered the knowledge imparted by a short
course on the basics of moodle administration on Udemy for a better understanding of the system.
1. Advanced Distributed Learning http://www.adlnet.org/
2. Ardhi University http://www.aru.ac.tz/
3. Ardhi University: Ranking and Review https://edurank.org/
4. Dagada, Rabelani. (2013). Learning Management System Implementation Framework for
Higher Education-Case of University of the Witwatersrand. International Journal of e-
Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning. 3. 151.
10.7763/IJEEEE 2013.V3.212.
How to Write a Crystal Clear RFP When Choosing an LMS.
https://www.ispringsolutions.com/blog/how-to-write-an-lms-rfp
6. International Conference on Network Universities and e-Learning. 8-9 May 2003.
Valencia. Spain. http://www.hsh.no/menu/
7. Moodle http://www.moodle.org
8. Moodle Administration Tutorial: Beginner, Intermediate Guide
https://www.udemy.com/course/moodle-administration-
tutorial/learn/lecture/4140840#overview
5.