Plagiarism Copyright Report 2022

Running Head: PLAGIARISM & COPYRIGHT
Plagiarism and Copyright
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive summery
This report discusses about two aspects that is copyright and plagiarism. Plagiarism has adverse
effect on the life of students. Students opt for this act due to laziness or sometimes by their own
will of present a well-made assignment that is completely copied from someone else and not
mentioning the original author. The copyright give the power to protect articles, journals from
illegal use and distribution of several derivatives without the authorization of the original writer.
This report also addresses the laws related to plagiarism and copyright. The consequences that
may occur if proper rules and regulations are not followed, how plagiarism violate copyright is
also expressed in short. The charges that may be faces by the student who opt for plagiarism in
their course of academic are discussed.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
About plagiarism and copyright......................................................................................................4
Plagiarism infringe Copyright.........................................................................................................6
Law cases and verdicts related to Plagiarism and Copyright..........................................................7
Students charged for Plagiarism and copyright infringement.........................................................9
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
Reference.......................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
Plagiarism and copyright are two different aspects that gives the essence of same. Plagiarism is
related to the ethics of a people whereas copyright is related to the legal aspects. Plagiarism is
said to copying of someone else’s idea, work, thoughts and presenting those by his own name
and without citing the actual work (Helgesson and Eriksson 2015). It has severe effects on
personal level and it can go up-to professional level. The copyright is the authority of the creator
who can legally manipulate his work however if somebody else does that it becomes a legal
offense. The copyright is present in order to authenticate the originality of a creator along with
his ideas, thoughts etc. The rights that are given to the copyright holder are pointed out clearly
below. This report discusses briefly about these two topic that is Plagiarism and Copyright, about
their features, consequences, different form of plagiarism that may happen by a student, types of
plagiarism, about the Copyright Act in Australia (Kostenberger and O'Brien 2017). This report
also discusses about how plagiarism infringe copyright and its two aspects are described with
suitable examples. The cases recorded related to plagiarism in schools and colleges in three
consecutive year, the possible verdicts of plagiarism and copyright are also discussed. The
several charges that a student may face if he or she conducts plagiarism or violate copyright in
their academic course such as assignment, project etc. The aim of this report is to discuss about
the above topics in brief.

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About plagiarism and copyright
Plagiarism is defined as the illegal access towards someone else’s ideas, thoughts or language
and presenting those by their own name. It is also considered to be an unethical practice in
journalism and an academic dishonesty (Eaton 2017). Plagiarism can damage the reputation of a
person and if it is done by students it can lead to penalties, expulsion, and suspension from their
respective institution (Fusch et al. 2017). In industries and education it is considered to be ethical
offense of highest priority. In recent years, plagiarism has occurred mainly in the academic areas
due to the availability of several information and help all over the internet (Hosny and Fatima
2014). According to resent survey there are several form of plagiarism are found that may be
committed by a student in their academic area, and those are as follows:
 The use certain quotations without mentioning their sources.
 Citation of some sources and leaving some sources uncited.
 Re-write of the assignment of someone else and not mentioning them.
 Submission of other’s work on their own name.
 Sometimes inaccurate citing is done.
 Combining the cited and uncited work together.
 Paraphrasing closely and citing those.
There are commonly four types of plagiarism such as; mosaic, direct, accidental and self (Sun
and Yang 2015).
 The mosaic plagiarism is said to happen when certain phrase is borrowed from a source
and the quotation marks are not given, or the language of that information is same with
the meaning and structure of the original information. This plagiarism is considered to be
punishable and dishonest in all academic areas and industries.

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 The direct plagiarism is the transcription of word to word exact without quotation of
somebody else’s work. In this type of plagiarism, no citation is done. This considered to
be dishonest, unethical, and the consequence can be expulsion from the concerned
institution.
 The accidental plagiarism happens when the person whose is copying someone else’s
work does not cite the sources by avoiding it, or paraphrase unknowingly. The copied
work consists of the same lines, words and even the sentence structure may remain same
without the attributions. The knowledge of proper citation must be provided to the
students so that this kind of plagiarism does not occur.
 The self-plagiarism occurs when a student present his or her earlier work as his or her
new works or assignment. The new work can be the whole assignment or some portions
of the previous one (Martin 2013). A proper permission of the professor is required with
valid modification of the previous work then only that work can be considered as a new
assignment.
Copyright
It is describes as an right provided to a person whole is a creator of his own work and can
reproduce his own work for a certain period of time. The creative own work may have a vast
filed such as literature, music, article, journal etc. The main motive behind copyright is to protect
the originality of the creator, his ideas, thoughts, and way of expression. Also, copyright gives a
power to the copyright holder of managing their creative work on where to be used. It can caterer
incentives for the holder of copyright when their work is used to set some bar or terms based on
which others can present their content. It also generates rewards for the content creator which
may turn valuable in the long run. The Copyright Act 1968 came on 1st May 1969 and continues

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to stay till date. The copyright law is considered to be federal law by the legislation of the
country.
Plagiarism infringe Copyright
The infringement of Copyright means violation of the copyright or illegal use of a copyright. The
copyright allows the holder of copyright to legally exploit them only.
The rights are as follows:
 The public distribution of the work that has a copyright by its own creator only.
 The right give the permission to the creator to reproduce similar copies of the same work.
 The right allows the creator to present his work to the public.
 It enables the creator to make different works that are derivation of a copyrighted work of
his own.
Plagiarism infringe copyright sometimes and sometimes not. Plagiarism infringe copyright like
plagiarism of posts, articles without citing the actual source, that source may have copyright of
the information. Sometimes plagiarism are presented by the legal framework as given by the law
of copyright (Bartley et al. 2014). The content in online platform which are plagiarized are
sometimes taken down for copyright issues. This online issue is seen mostly in the
advertisements, and products, the items may face lawsuit against them and huge penalties.
Plagiarism is always associated with the ethical issues whereas the copyright deals with legal
issues. In respect of articles, if a blogger post article about some topic which is from the story of
his favorite author and present that article by his name then copyright infringement occurs due to
the fact that the copyright of the story is held by the author only (WANG and LIU 2015). The
article is a derivative of the original story and that article is distributed to the general public
without the permission of the concerned author.

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However, plagiarism not always infringe copyright, it may happen that a work is
plagiarized such as “Hamlet” is written by someone that means the idea behind the play remains
same however it is not copyright infringement as the play is for the general public and hence not
protected by any copyright. Sometime plagiarism may take place where copyright does not have
any protection on it such as certain facts, elements of plot and ideas. Also for submitting a work
with the proper permission of the higher authority is not considered as infringement of copyright
however it still remains plagiarism as the original work of the creator is not cited. The
occurrence of plagiarism and copyright infringement are simultaneous and sometimes different
in their own way. Taking example of plagiarizing a work of an author with his permission is not
considered to be a copyright infringement however, without the permission becomes copyright
infringement. Therefore, it is difficult to say that plagiarism infringe copyright or not.
Law cases and verdicts related to Plagiarism and Copyright
The information about Plagiarism has increased in recent years in Australia. This can be
observed by the teachers, professors of various high schools and universities in respect to the
student’s assignments. Plagiarism can be identified in classrooms to the national level. In the
year 2014, the Education Standards Authority in New South Wales are keeping record of all the
submitted assignments and track all the cheating nature, structure of assignments and the applied
punishments. Another finding was published by the Education Standard Authority in 2016 that
reflects new areas of plagiarism. The data was produced on the basis of four factors such as:
1. The occurrence of plagiarism on the type of the assignment.
2. The related course in which the plagiarism is detected.
3. The variance of plagiarism that is taking place.
4. The related punishments that the students are getting for the act of the plagiarism.

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A huge amount of data is receive in 2015 near about 206 schools reported about plagiarism and
in 2016, 173 schools reported on the same.
The number of cheating cases appeared in 2016 was 722 in total and out of which 374 cases
related to plagiarism is recorded which is a 52% of all the recorded cases. In 2015, 333 cases of
plagiarism is tracked out of 719 incidents of cheating, that makes the 46% of all tracked
incidents. In 2014, 355 cases of plagiarism was tracked out of 630 incidents, it makes the 56%
from the overall incidents in that year (Morgan 2016). Hence, it can be said that 2015 was the
year for plagiarism in Australia, for the next year it decreased and again went up in the next year.
The verdicts that the students received who were caught for plagiarism are that nearly in
the 63% chances the students got zero in their assignment, the 29% got less marks and the
remaining 8% got warnings (Velliaris and Breen 2016). It was clear that the plagiarized
assignments got more number of zeros than the other average causes of cheating.
Australian government has the federal system and under their constitution the laws of copyright
also depends on the federal government only. The copyright is governed by the Copyright Act
1968 in Australia and no other law is available specifically for infringement of copyright
(McLachlan et al. 2013). The Act distinguishes infringement of copyright in two parts and those
are:
1. The first one is work which includes literature, music, drama, and creative works.
2. The second one includes all the areas other than work like films, recordings, and works
related to televisions.
This Act is enforced by the Federal Court in Australia, all the criminal offences and civil actions
related to copyright act is enforced by that court only. The smaller civil copyright elements are
conferred by the Federal Circuit Court. The higher courts also provides jurisdiction about

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copyright except the applications which are under the section of 115A (Suzor et al. 2016). The
verdict against copyright infringement are such as the infringer may have pay for damages that
may range from a small amount to the highest of it (Gilmour et al. 2015). The court is able to
stop all the works related to that copyright. The infringer may end up to the jail also.
Students charged for Plagiarism and copyright infringement
A plagiarism is committed by a student when he or she present his work or assignment or project
as his own rather than giving actual credit to the original creator of that work. As discussed
above plagiarism is considered to be unethical and dishonesty toward education. It effects
negatively on the concerned student as well as the sources he or she has taken credits from
(Lines 2016). The nature of plagiarism is always enduring and catastrophic for the students. Also
the availability of internet have opened the chances for plagiarism more to the students. Students
can find new ways to acquire plagiarism (Halupa 2014). If the concerned professor or teacher
finds out about the occurrence of plagiarism then the student had to be charged severely and he
or she may have to go through the judicial system as structured by the school or university. The
schools and universities consider plagiarism as the highest offence and punishments against it are
also strict. When plagiarism is dealt lightly, it lead to rewrite of the assignment otherwise
expulsion (Chien 2014). It destroys student’s reputation, along with this the student can be
expelled or suspended. It effects the track record of a student related to the ethical offense and it
can cause difficulty in further studies. The academic reputation is hindered and creates a void for
further development in the academic field. The legal actions towards plagiarism are much
serious. The author who has the copyright of his work can sue the student if not given credit of
his work is considered to be criminal offense, which can lead to imprisonment of that student
(Yang 2014). In several international universities the plagiarism is handled with lowering the

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course grades, giving grades equivalent to failure in that particular subject and finally expulsion.
Plagiarism in schools imposes penalty, limited time of suspension from school, and sometimes
social probation. A huge amount of compensation may be charged to the students if they use
copyrighted articles, journals or any sort of work without permission (Sutton et al. 2014). If once
a student is charged with plagiarism and faces readmission to other institution, the charge of
plagiarism may follow him and the institute may reject that student on that basis and even if they
accept that student the trust issues will always be high. In colleges, the graduation may become
difficult for the student who has been charged for plagiarism or copyright infringement and may
not be allowed to participate is all the programs conducted by the university or college (Velliaris
et al. 2015). In the long run, beyond university the mark of plagiarism may stay in the job field
too and the student may get marked as unethical and dishonest employee.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above report that plagiarism is the violation of ethical norms
related to academia. Plagiarism comes into practice when students do not give enough credit to
the originality of the articles, or journals from where they have taken their idea of assignment or
project. The four types of plagiarism shows the variance of it and those are mosaic plagiarism,
direct plagiarism, accidental plagiarism, and self- plagiarism. The Copyright Act 1968 in
Australia is governed by the federal government. All the possible punishment are given to the
people who ever violates the Act with proper penalties, imprisonment etc. The infringement of
copyright by the act of plagiarism occurs when plagiarism takes place from the copyrighted
articles and journals and not give enough credits or cited in their own work. Several cases of
plagiarism has been recorded in Australia in the 2015, 2014 and 2013, the percentage of
plagiarism varied differently in all the three years and these came from the schools and college

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only. The students who were found guilty of plagiarism are charged heavily like starting from
lowering of course grade, penalties and that reach up-to suspension and expulsion. A counselling
session must be provided to the students of the schools for the proper knowledge and
consequences related to plagiarism. Those sessions must be conducted every 6 months. The
college students must also go for sessions like that and before giving any assignment and project
all student must be asked for briefing of their topic so that both the teacher and the student have
the clear idea about the topic. The proper citation of articles, journals, books are taught in every
semester to avoid accidental plagiarism too.

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Reference
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in the internet age. Ophthalmology, 121(4), pp.807-808.
Chien, S.C., 2014. Cultural constructions of plagiarism in student writing: Teachers' perceptions
and responses. Research in the Teaching of English, 49(2), p.120.
Eaton, S.E., 2017. Comparative analysis of institutional policy definitions of plagiarism: A pan-
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