Sustainable Tourism Development Analysis
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This assignment delves into the principles and practices of sustainable tourism development. It examines the role of collaboration and partnership in fostering sustainable tourism initiatives, analyzes community behavior and support for rural tourism development, and explores the impact of memorable tourism experiences on destinations. The assignment also considers the challenges and opportunities associated with community-based cultural tourism and the contributions of tourism planning to sustainable development.
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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1Discussing the manner in which stakeholders can benefit from planning for tourism and development with reference to Philippines 1
1.2Advantages and disadvantages of public and private sector tourism for planning partnership...........................2
TASK 2 .........................................................................................................................................................................3
2.1Analysing features of tourism development planning at various levels with respect to Philippines...................3
2.2Evaluating the importance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development with reference to the case study of Philippines 4
2.3 Evaluating various methods to measure the impact on tourists in context of Philippines..................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1& 3.2 Introduction of sustainability in tourism development and analysing factors preventing tourism development 6
3.3Analysing different stages in planning for sustainability in context of Philippines and leaflet for government. 6
TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................................................7
4.1Evaluating methods in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for ensuring the future wellbeing of developing the tourism destination such as Philippines
...................................................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Philippines .............................8
4.3Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in context of Philippines........................................8
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1Discussing the manner in which stakeholders can benefit from planning for tourism and development with reference to Philippines 1
1.2Advantages and disadvantages of public and private sector tourism for planning partnership...........................2
TASK 2 .........................................................................................................................................................................3
2.1Analysing features of tourism development planning at various levels with respect to Philippines...................3
2.2Evaluating the importance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development with reference to the case study of Philippines 4
2.3 Evaluating various methods to measure the impact on tourists in context of Philippines..................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1& 3.2 Introduction of sustainability in tourism development and analysing factors preventing tourism development 6
3.3Analysing different stages in planning for sustainability in context of Philippines and leaflet for government. 6
TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................................................7
4.1Evaluating methods in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for ensuring the future wellbeing of developing the tourism destination such as Philippines
...................................................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Philippines .............................8
4.3Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in context of Philippines........................................8
TASK 5...........................................................................................................................................................................9
5.1Comparison of current issues which are related to the tourism development in the developing country and it effects of tourism 9
5.2Evaluation with recommendations for the future development of tourisms......................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................................13
5.1Comparison of current issues which are related to the tourism development in the developing country and it effects of tourism 9
5.2Evaluation with recommendations for the future development of tourisms......................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION
In present scenario, tourism is fastest growing industry that is making high contribution in economic balance of a nation. In
modern era, sustainable tourism can be termed as development in industry in such a manner and making profit without any harm to the
environment. It is essential for any for firm to carry out the activities in sustainable manner in this industry so that there is positive
effect on the society, environment as well as economy . It is essential for tourism sector that all of the practices are required to be done
in ethical manner without damaging environment (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). In the present report, there will be
discussion regarding the rationale for planning in tourism industry. Further, analysing various approaches to the planning of tourism
development at different levels. Along with this, current issues with respect to the planning of tourism development including
environment, economic and socio-cultural effects on the countries which are developing. Thus, all of the different concepts will be
interpreted in context of the provided case scenario of Philippines.
TASK 1
1.1Discussing the manner in which stakeholders can benefit from planning for tourism and development with reference to Philippines
Stakeholders is an individual or group that can affect or affected by the accomplishment of organisational goals. In tourism
sector, stakeholders plays an essential role in the different activities of an enterprise by which practices and services will be managed
in an appropriate manner. As per the present case scenario, in Philippines, stakeholders are those who can changes the demand of
travel and tourism sector. There are certain major stakeholder who plays important role in order to increase in demand of tourism
including tourists, government as well as the local residents (Lee, 2013). These are the major stakeholders at Philippines and also
making proper efforts which helps in the growth of economy and to increase in the number of tourists. Further, they also provide their
opinions and ideas in context of tourism in nation and also respected before taking final decisions. Significant stakeholder of
Philippines are described below:
Tourists- These are also considered as the customers and without their presence there is no survival of tourism business. The loss is
suffered by the Philippines if there is decrease in the number of tourists and it also have an impact on the economy. It is important for
In present scenario, tourism is fastest growing industry that is making high contribution in economic balance of a nation. In
modern era, sustainable tourism can be termed as development in industry in such a manner and making profit without any harm to the
environment. It is essential for any for firm to carry out the activities in sustainable manner in this industry so that there is positive
effect on the society, environment as well as economy . It is essential for tourism sector that all of the practices are required to be done
in ethical manner without damaging environment (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). In the present report, there will be
discussion regarding the rationale for planning in tourism industry. Further, analysing various approaches to the planning of tourism
development at different levels. Along with this, current issues with respect to the planning of tourism development including
environment, economic and socio-cultural effects on the countries which are developing. Thus, all of the different concepts will be
interpreted in context of the provided case scenario of Philippines.
TASK 1
1.1Discussing the manner in which stakeholders can benefit from planning for tourism and development with reference to Philippines
Stakeholders is an individual or group that can affect or affected by the accomplishment of organisational goals. In tourism
sector, stakeholders plays an essential role in the different activities of an enterprise by which practices and services will be managed
in an appropriate manner. As per the present case scenario, in Philippines, stakeholders are those who can changes the demand of
travel and tourism sector. There are certain major stakeholder who plays important role in order to increase in demand of tourism
including tourists, government as well as the local residents (Lee, 2013). These are the major stakeholders at Philippines and also
making proper efforts which helps in the growth of economy and to increase in the number of tourists. Further, they also provide their
opinions and ideas in context of tourism in nation and also respected before taking final decisions. Significant stakeholder of
Philippines are described below:
Tourists- These are also considered as the customers and without their presence there is no survival of tourism business. The loss is
suffered by the Philippines if there is decrease in the number of tourists and it also have an impact on the economy. It is important for
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the business to offer sustainability in tourism. All of the process of planning can be done after considering the requirement of audience
and current trends. Therefore, the stakeholders get appropriate benefits through the planning (Buckley, 2012). Through different types
of tourists it helps in the improvement of infrastructure along with the different types of facilities at destination.
Local residents- The local people who live within the nation also plays an significant role in giving the views and opinions in order to
develop specific destination. In the business of tourism, it provides different opportunities for the employment mainly for the people
who live in the coastal areas. They get benefits in the different ways such as opportunities of employment and increase in the living
standard. They get benefits in the different ways such as opportunities of employment and increase in the living standard.
Private businesses- In context of private businesses, they are also considered as stakeholder as they also get benefits of generating
profits. The private businesses such as hotels, restaurants along with the transportation facilities which is provided to visitors at
destination.
Government- On the other hand, government is also one of the major stakeholders of Philippine as they are always impose some of
the rules and regulation in the tourism sector of the nation. There is increase in the level of revenue by charging taxes from the
different tourists. With the help of government, people came from different countries and visit various places with respect to all of the
formalities that are imposed by the authorities of nation. With the help of government, people came from different countries and visit
various places with respect to all of the formalities that are imposed by the authorities of nation. Tourism business in Philippines can
do appropriate planning in order to carry out changes as it can be done with the help of regulatory authorities (Hunter, 2012).
However, this will be beneficial for government by making different requirement and appropriate development. It helps in gaining
profits through this industry which overall increase in the standard of living.
and current trends. Therefore, the stakeholders get appropriate benefits through the planning (Buckley, 2012). Through different types
of tourists it helps in the improvement of infrastructure along with the different types of facilities at destination.
Local residents- The local people who live within the nation also plays an significant role in giving the views and opinions in order to
develop specific destination. In the business of tourism, it provides different opportunities for the employment mainly for the people
who live in the coastal areas. They get benefits in the different ways such as opportunities of employment and increase in the living
standard. They get benefits in the different ways such as opportunities of employment and increase in the living standard.
Private businesses- In context of private businesses, they are also considered as stakeholder as they also get benefits of generating
profits. The private businesses such as hotels, restaurants along with the transportation facilities which is provided to visitors at
destination.
Government- On the other hand, government is also one of the major stakeholders of Philippine as they are always impose some of
the rules and regulation in the tourism sector of the nation. There is increase in the level of revenue by charging taxes from the
different tourists. With the help of government, people came from different countries and visit various places with respect to all of the
formalities that are imposed by the authorities of nation. With the help of government, people came from different countries and visit
various places with respect to all of the formalities that are imposed by the authorities of nation. Tourism business in Philippines can
do appropriate planning in order to carry out changes as it can be done with the help of regulatory authorities (Hunter, 2012).
However, this will be beneficial for government by making different requirement and appropriate development. It helps in gaining
profits through this industry which overall increase in the standard of living.
Figure 1: Stakeholders in tourism
(Source: Graci, 2013)
(Source: Graci, 2013)
1.2Advantages and disadvantages of public and private sector tourism for planning partnership
There are certain public and private organisation which are operating their activities at Philippines in tourism industry of
nation. These businesses offering various types of services to their visitors for attracting them and visit again. Private firms including
the hotels, facilities of transport and restaurants which are managed and owned by the private individuals. Private and public sectors
are combined and create a partnership for getting benefits and delivering more effective services to their customers (Graci, 2013).
There are certain advantages and disadvantages which are faced through the forming of partnership in the planning of tourism. Some
of the merits and drawbacks are described as below:
There are some of the advantages and disadvantage of private and public partnership which are discussed below:
Advantages Disadvantages
In context of public private partnership in tourism so that there is
fast completion of projects as per the requirements.
On the other side, there are some of the situations of corruptions
in the process of decision making among both private and public
There are certain public and private organisation which are operating their activities at Philippines in tourism industry of
nation. These businesses offering various types of services to their visitors for attracting them and visit again. Private firms including
the hotels, facilities of transport and restaurants which are managed and owned by the private individuals. Private and public sectors
are combined and create a partnership for getting benefits and delivering more effective services to their customers (Graci, 2013).
There are certain advantages and disadvantages which are faced through the forming of partnership in the planning of tourism. Some
of the merits and drawbacks are described as below:
There are some of the advantages and disadvantage of private and public partnership which are discussed below:
Advantages Disadvantages
In context of public private partnership in tourism so that there is
fast completion of projects as per the requirements.
On the other side, there are some of the situations of corruptions
in the process of decision making among both private and public
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firms partnership.
In context of partnership between private and public sector
organisations, there is reduction in the chances of risks and it will
give benefits to the business at low risks. In order to achieve
common objectives of firms through decrease in the expenses to a
greater extent. It will gives outcomes as to gain high level of
revenue which helps in the development of nation so that the
economy of Philippine will be appropriate position (Goeldner and
Ritchie, 2012).
Through the partnership between public and private sector firms
there are some of the situations in which they are not getting
appropriate profits due to the quality of services to customers. It
also create negative effect on the nation and there is decrease in
the international visitors who prefer quality services (Mowforth
and Munt, 2015).
With the help of partnership between public and private firms in
tourism sector, some of the major benefits that are gain at
Philippines such as appropriate use of natural resources along
with cultural environment of nation in optimum way. Thus, it can
be stated that firms get high level of profits when use of resources
in an appropriate manner (Hwang, Stewart and Ko, 2012).
In the planning of tourism development, there are some of the
political parties which plays an important role as also impose
rules and regulations. Further, when the two firms came together
for partnership so that they have to adopt the changes. At
Philippines, there are strict labour laws and the firms required to
follow in the different situations so in that case workers will not
be satisfied.
When the private sector firms merged with public sector firms in
tourism industry at Philippines, they get advantages from the
government of country as it can decrease in the cost which is
incurred in infrastructure. Thus, all of the different expenses on
the activities will be shared among both firms which overall save
One of the disadvantage of private public partnership in tourism
is that there is high transaction cost which leads to make more
investment in the business.
In context of partnership between private and public sector
organisations, there is reduction in the chances of risks and it will
give benefits to the business at low risks. In order to achieve
common objectives of firms through decrease in the expenses to a
greater extent. It will gives outcomes as to gain high level of
revenue which helps in the development of nation so that the
economy of Philippine will be appropriate position (Goeldner and
Ritchie, 2012).
Through the partnership between public and private sector firms
there are some of the situations in which they are not getting
appropriate profits due to the quality of services to customers. It
also create negative effect on the nation and there is decrease in
the international visitors who prefer quality services (Mowforth
and Munt, 2015).
With the help of partnership between public and private firms in
tourism sector, some of the major benefits that are gain at
Philippines such as appropriate use of natural resources along
with cultural environment of nation in optimum way. Thus, it can
be stated that firms get high level of profits when use of resources
in an appropriate manner (Hwang, Stewart and Ko, 2012).
In the planning of tourism development, there are some of the
political parties which plays an important role as also impose
rules and regulations. Further, when the two firms came together
for partnership so that they have to adopt the changes. At
Philippines, there are strict labour laws and the firms required to
follow in the different situations so in that case workers will not
be satisfied.
When the private sector firms merged with public sector firms in
tourism industry at Philippines, they get advantages from the
government of country as it can decrease in the cost which is
incurred in infrastructure. Thus, all of the different expenses on
the activities will be shared among both firms which overall save
One of the disadvantage of private public partnership in tourism
is that there is high transaction cost which leads to make more
investment in the business.
the capital.
In context of advantages, in public private partnership there is less
burden in financial aspects.
When public and private sector firms came together for
partnership they share profit as well as the losses along with the
risks. At Philippines, there is reduction in the control of
government in the public sector firms. Other than this, there is
one of the disadvantage in which the decision making power of
regulatory bodies is reduces as the government plays an important
role in the tourism industry.
There is an attempt made by president of Philippine for promoting the tourism industry through the photography of under water. This
helps to make improvement of tourism industry of Philippines. Further, the cooperation between private and public partnership will
help in order to face different situations such as technological progress and international competitiveness. However, public private
partnership is important for the growth of infrastructure, risk sharing and community involvement.
TASK 2
2.1Analysing features of tourism development planning at various levels with respect to Philippines
In the development tourism planning there are different features in context of developing countries. According to the case
study of Philippines the government is required to make plans for satisfying the needs and requirement of customers ( Spenceley,
2012). The tourism department divided the different activities among the team members. The different levels mainly included the
government and people in nation. As per the given case study of Philippines, the government is needed to offer appropriate quality of
services in context of basic necessity. St the season time at coastal areas there is increase in the number of visitors at the different
destinations. In such cases, before the season there are some of the developments made by government in infrastructure and different
spots of tourism are also developed. This assists in order to retain the tourists and provides appropriate experience to the different
In context of advantages, in public private partnership there is less
burden in financial aspects.
When public and private sector firms came together for
partnership they share profit as well as the losses along with the
risks. At Philippines, there is reduction in the control of
government in the public sector firms. Other than this, there is
one of the disadvantage in which the decision making power of
regulatory bodies is reduces as the government plays an important
role in the tourism industry.
There is an attempt made by president of Philippine for promoting the tourism industry through the photography of under water. This
helps to make improvement of tourism industry of Philippines. Further, the cooperation between private and public partnership will
help in order to face different situations such as technological progress and international competitiveness. However, public private
partnership is important for the growth of infrastructure, risk sharing and community involvement.
TASK 2
2.1Analysing features of tourism development planning at various levels with respect to Philippines
In the development tourism planning there are different features in context of developing countries. According to the case
study of Philippines the government is required to make plans for satisfying the needs and requirement of customers ( Spenceley,
2012). The tourism department divided the different activities among the team members. The different levels mainly included the
government and people in nation. As per the given case study of Philippines, the government is needed to offer appropriate quality of
services in context of basic necessity. St the season time at coastal areas there is increase in the number of visitors at the different
destinations. In such cases, before the season there are some of the developments made by government in infrastructure and different
spots of tourism are also developed. This assists in order to retain the tourists and provides appropriate experience to the different
visitors. There are some of the rules and regulation are made by the government of Philippines for providing safety to the people
(Carlisle and et.al., 2013). At local level, planning in context of tourism development in which local people are required to provide the
good quality of products and services which gives good experience to the clients. The material is provided to the shopkeepers at local
level before the season of tourists. Along with this, for attracting large number of tourists there is huge development is done by the
owner of hotels and restaurants. Thus, in some of the cases development in the planning of tourism can be done through the regulatory
authorities at local level.
Tourism planning can be done with an aim for the development of tourism along with this there is a appropriate arrangements of the
overall system which helps in achieving goals.
International level- Planning of tourism at international level, in this they can make huge capital investment and it provides long term
benefits. Further, it includes the appropriate transportation services and the tour programming of the tourists in the different countries.
National level- At national level, they make plans for the facilities of accommodation and other services which are required for the
tourists. There are some of the elements which are focused such as tour routes, major infrastructure along with the policies of
legislation.
Regional level- In this, there is main focus on the one of area of the country and it is created in a framework of the national tourism
plan as per the case study of Philippine.
Local level- In this, components are depend on the situations of the local region and the investment made at small level by tour
operators at Philippines.
(Carlisle and et.al., 2013). At local level, planning in context of tourism development in which local people are required to provide the
good quality of products and services which gives good experience to the clients. The material is provided to the shopkeepers at local
level before the season of tourists. Along with this, for attracting large number of tourists there is huge development is done by the
owner of hotels and restaurants. Thus, in some of the cases development in the planning of tourism can be done through the regulatory
authorities at local level.
Tourism planning can be done with an aim for the development of tourism along with this there is a appropriate arrangements of the
overall system which helps in achieving goals.
International level- Planning of tourism at international level, in this they can make huge capital investment and it provides long term
benefits. Further, it includes the appropriate transportation services and the tour programming of the tourists in the different countries.
National level- At national level, they make plans for the facilities of accommodation and other services which are required for the
tourists. There are some of the elements which are focused such as tour routes, major infrastructure along with the policies of
legislation.
Regional level- In this, there is main focus on the one of area of the country and it is created in a framework of the national tourism
plan as per the case study of Philippine.
Local level- In this, components are depend on the situations of the local region and the investment made at small level by tour
operators at Philippines.
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2.2Evaluating the importance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development with reference to the case study
of Philippines
There is direct relation between the development of economy and tourism development. In context of Philippines, there is
increase in the living standard of an individual due to the development in tourism. This is possible if in case they follows system of
interactive planning. This mainly included those factors in planning which are impacted due to the development of tourism. As per the
case study, there is requirement of interactive planning in order to overcome the issues related to the damaging the natural resources
(Spenceley, 2012). The significance of this includes that with the help of appropriate planning there is reduction in the wastage which
helps to reserve the resources. Other than this, the department of environment also involved that provides different ways by which
there is preservation of natural sites are possible. The process and system of interactive planning is essential because in Philippines in
order to develop the facilities by taking helps of finance from private organisations. There is impact on the profit and development if
there is no involvement of government in the process of planning. Appropriate planning is required with the local for the safety of
coastal areas and Philippines is a developing country and promotions are also needed. It will helps to maintain the beauty and to
develop the activities of tourism are also seen. Thus, it can be stated that interactive planning system is important for providing
advantages to the stakeholders and to develop the tourism (Salazar, 2012).
Interactive planning system can be termed as a concept on the top down which is accompanied by the contribution in order to enhance
the execution of plans. Interactive planning is important in tourism as it helps in evaluating different and execute them as per the
requirement at destination. Further, there are certain types of interactive planning which are mentioned below:
Conventional planning- In this type of planning there is requirement to involve different number of stakeholder which provides their
views and opinions for making plans in tourism development.
of Philippines
There is direct relation between the development of economy and tourism development. In context of Philippines, there is
increase in the living standard of an individual due to the development in tourism. This is possible if in case they follows system of
interactive planning. This mainly included those factors in planning which are impacted due to the development of tourism. As per the
case study, there is requirement of interactive planning in order to overcome the issues related to the damaging the natural resources
(Spenceley, 2012). The significance of this includes that with the help of appropriate planning there is reduction in the wastage which
helps to reserve the resources. Other than this, the department of environment also involved that provides different ways by which
there is preservation of natural sites are possible. The process and system of interactive planning is essential because in Philippines in
order to develop the facilities by taking helps of finance from private organisations. There is impact on the profit and development if
there is no involvement of government in the process of planning. Appropriate planning is required with the local for the safety of
coastal areas and Philippines is a developing country and promotions are also needed. It will helps to maintain the beauty and to
develop the activities of tourism are also seen. Thus, it can be stated that interactive planning system is important for providing
advantages to the stakeholders and to develop the tourism (Salazar, 2012).
Interactive planning system can be termed as a concept on the top down which is accompanied by the contribution in order to enhance
the execution of plans. Interactive planning is important in tourism as it helps in evaluating different and execute them as per the
requirement at destination. Further, there are certain types of interactive planning which are mentioned below:
Conventional planning- In this type of planning there is requirement to involve different number of stakeholder which provides their
views and opinions for making plans in tourism development.
Boosterism planning- It is considered as an important planning in tourism which helps in making plans regarding the promotions of a
city or an organisation with an aim of improvement in the perception of public. It helps in the development and growth which is
dominated in positive aspects.
Supply led planning- This planning includes the determination of best way to fulfil the needs which are identified through the demand
plans.
Demand led planning- it is also type of interactive planning which is to be done by the business as it forecast the future demand for the
goods and services and according to that they provide benefits of their products to the clients.
Market led planning- In tourism, there is strategy of marketing which is prepared by company in order to determine the demand of
customers and then they are mainly focuses to develop as per the requirements.
It has been analysed that interactive planning is the most important at Philippine tourism through the cultural as well as natural
environment. The department of tourists concentrate on the promotional strategies of government which will attract large number of
tourists.
2.3 Evaluating various methods to measure the impact on tourists in context of Philippines
It is important for the nation to measure the impact on tourists as with the help of this only it can be analysed positive and
negative impacts. Along with this, there are various strategies are adopted in order to overcome it. It can be identified through
measurement of economic prosperity to the conditions of environment and to analyse the social effect on the society (Brelik, 2012).
Environmental measures- In order to analyse the impact on the environment due to the adoption of Environment Impact Assessment
by the government. This assist to know the damage of environment and helps in identifying the process that is adopted for the purpose
of reducing the impact. For this, in order to identify the harm in the coastal areas with the help of environmental auditing.
city or an organisation with an aim of improvement in the perception of public. It helps in the development and growth which is
dominated in positive aspects.
Supply led planning- This planning includes the determination of best way to fulfil the needs which are identified through the demand
plans.
Demand led planning- it is also type of interactive planning which is to be done by the business as it forecast the future demand for the
goods and services and according to that they provide benefits of their products to the clients.
Market led planning- In tourism, there is strategy of marketing which is prepared by company in order to determine the demand of
customers and then they are mainly focuses to develop as per the requirements.
It has been analysed that interactive planning is the most important at Philippine tourism through the cultural as well as natural
environment. The department of tourists concentrate on the promotional strategies of government which will attract large number of
tourists.
2.3 Evaluating various methods to measure the impact on tourists in context of Philippines
It is important for the nation to measure the impact on tourists as with the help of this only it can be analysed positive and
negative impacts. Along with this, there are various strategies are adopted in order to overcome it. It can be identified through
measurement of economic prosperity to the conditions of environment and to analyse the social effect on the society (Brelik, 2012).
Environmental measures- In order to analyse the impact on the environment due to the adoption of Environment Impact Assessment
by the government. This assist to know the damage of environment and helps in identifying the process that is adopted for the purpose
of reducing the impact. For this, in order to identify the harm in the coastal areas with the help of environmental auditing.
Economic measures- In this, there is comparison regarding the income of the local residents and before the season of tourism. This
helps to get knowledge of profitability of the people as it is derived from the different number of tourists. Furthermore, the Philippines
can identify that the growth is positive and negative (Edgell Sr, 2016). There is requirement to adoption of STEAM model which
helps to evaluate the quantitative effect on the people in tourism. It can be applied in the different areas in order to minimise the
inputs. It helps to generate appropriate revenue with the help of different categories of the visitors. There is requirement to adoption of
STEAM model which helps to evaluate the quantitative effect on the people in tourism. It can be applied in the different areas in order
to minimise the inputs. It helps to generate appropriate revenue with the help of different categories of the visitors. It also give
indicative base of the local economic and its impact of tourism in order to monitor trends. It will be applicable to the areas in order to
provide minimum inputs which mentioned below:
To note the attractions and major events in a month.
Information related to the occupancy of percentage for all of the different accommodation.
Thus, it helps in providing information of the outputs after the study along with the arrangement of spendings on visitors.
Furthermore, there is development of employment through visitors spending.
Pro Poor Tourism- It is considered as an another form of tourism which is an approach that helps in utilisation of appropriate tool in
order to relieve poverty among the marginalized communities. There are certain strategies in order to make tourism more pro poor
through increase in the economic benefits by expanding the business opportunities for poor and enhancement in the income which
provides basic services for supporting tourism and also provides benefits to poor. Further, enhancement in non-economic benefits such
as training and empowerment and justify the impact of tourism on poor people by addressing cultural impact of the tourism.
Social measures- The social culture of all of the countries are different and there are sources in order to collect information such as
primary and secondary. Furthermore, for collecting the primary data as it can be carried out with the help of questionnaire and
helps to get knowledge of profitability of the people as it is derived from the different number of tourists. Furthermore, the Philippines
can identify that the growth is positive and negative (Edgell Sr, 2016). There is requirement to adoption of STEAM model which
helps to evaluate the quantitative effect on the people in tourism. It can be applied in the different areas in order to minimise the
inputs. It helps to generate appropriate revenue with the help of different categories of the visitors. There is requirement to adoption of
STEAM model which helps to evaluate the quantitative effect on the people in tourism. It can be applied in the different areas in order
to minimise the inputs. It helps to generate appropriate revenue with the help of different categories of the visitors. It also give
indicative base of the local economic and its impact of tourism in order to monitor trends. It will be applicable to the areas in order to
provide minimum inputs which mentioned below:
To note the attractions and major events in a month.
Information related to the occupancy of percentage for all of the different accommodation.
Thus, it helps in providing information of the outputs after the study along with the arrangement of spendings on visitors.
Furthermore, there is development of employment through visitors spending.
Pro Poor Tourism- It is considered as an another form of tourism which is an approach that helps in utilisation of appropriate tool in
order to relieve poverty among the marginalized communities. There are certain strategies in order to make tourism more pro poor
through increase in the economic benefits by expanding the business opportunities for poor and enhancement in the income which
provides basic services for supporting tourism and also provides benefits to poor. Further, enhancement in non-economic benefits such
as training and empowerment and justify the impact of tourism on poor people by addressing cultural impact of the tourism.
Social measures- The social culture of all of the countries are different and there are sources in order to collect information such as
primary and secondary. Furthermore, for collecting the primary data as it can be carried out with the help of questionnaire and
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interviews. On the other hand, secondary data collection technique in which data is collected through journals along with the use of
internet.
internet.
TASK 3
3.1& 3.2 Introduction of sustainability in tourism development and analysing factors preventing tourism development
Sustainable Tourism can be defined as the process in which travel
and tourism related activities are carried out with an objective to
place positive impact on society.
Philippines is the sovereign Island country which lies in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, it has more
than small and big 1500 islands. In the year 2013, its population was 98.93 Million.
The travel and tourism industry contributes more that 10.5% to the total GDP of Philippines
Its main touristy attraction is considered as its rich biodiversity
People are also attracted by the rich cultural and historical heritage of country
Approximately 5 million people in the country has been employed in travel and tourism sector
Development of sustainable tourism
The government and regulatory bodies in Philippines has created awareness
among people to seek for sustainable tourism.
Effective and aggressive advertisement strategy is used to create more
awareness
Social media is also used with an objective to create publicity and marketing
Now the key challenges faced to promote sustainable tourism include
declining local participation, changes in natural environment,
3.1& 3.2 Introduction of sustainability in tourism development and analysing factors preventing tourism development
Sustainable Tourism can be defined as the process in which travel
and tourism related activities are carried out with an objective to
place positive impact on society.
Philippines is the sovereign Island country which lies in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, it has more
than small and big 1500 islands. In the year 2013, its population was 98.93 Million.
The travel and tourism industry contributes more that 10.5% to the total GDP of Philippines
Its main touristy attraction is considered as its rich biodiversity
People are also attracted by the rich cultural and historical heritage of country
Approximately 5 million people in the country has been employed in travel and tourism sector
Development of sustainable tourism
The government and regulatory bodies in Philippines has created awareness
among people to seek for sustainable tourism.
Effective and aggressive advertisement strategy is used to create more
awareness
Social media is also used with an objective to create publicity and marketing
Now the key challenges faced to promote sustainable tourism include
declining local participation, changes in natural environment,
Factors preventing Sustainable tourism development in Philippines
Lack of political will
Stakeholder’s conflicts
Lack of education about STD
Lack of monitoring
Lack of international support
Lack of funds
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that Philippines rich culture and heritage history is the one which attracts travellers and tourism from different countries of the
world. Furthermore t, it can be inferred that rich biodiversity is another major factor which supports in encouraging tourism in the country. It can be concluded
that Philippines is now heading its roots towards sustainable tourism and government is playing very important role in promotion of same. However, lack of
funds, monitoring, education etc. is some of the key factors which prevents sustainable tourism in the country.
Lack of political will
Stakeholder’s conflicts
Lack of education about STD
Lack of monitoring
Lack of international support
Lack of funds
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that Philippines rich culture and heritage history is the one which attracts travellers and tourism from different countries of the
world. Furthermore t, it can be inferred that rich biodiversity is another major factor which supports in encouraging tourism in the country. It can be concluded
that Philippines is now heading its roots towards sustainable tourism and government is playing very important role in promotion of same. However, lack of
funds, monitoring, education etc. is some of the key factors which prevents sustainable tourism in the country.
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3.3Analysing different stages in planning for sustainability in context of Philippines and leaflet for government
Step 1: What should be done for development
As per the Philippines, it is important for analyse the different areas for the development which
can be done with the help of government
Step 2: The persons involved in the process of planning
There is proper analysis of carried out by the government that to decide the people who are
involved in the process of planning.
Step 3: How to make the area special
According to the case, at Philippines they are needed to develop the area effectively.
Step 4: It is already recognises the issues which are faced by an individual
In case of Philippines, it reduces the natural resources of nation
Step 5: Evaluation of issues and problems
It is important to analyse the different issues which are faced by the tourists.
Step 6: To prepare appropriate guidelines for the problems
Step 7: Different options are available for finding out solutions
Step 8: Steps to be carried out in order to implement the plans
As per the Philippines, it is important for analyse the different areas for the development which
can be done with the help of government
Step 2: The persons involved in the process of planning
There is proper analysis of carried out by the government that to decide the people who are
involved in the process of planning.
Step 3: How to make the area special
According to the case, at Philippines they are needed to develop the area effectively.
Step 4: It is already recognises the issues which are faced by an individual
In case of Philippines, it reduces the natural resources of nation
Step 5: Evaluation of issues and problems
It is important to analyse the different issues which are faced by the tourists.
Step 6: To prepare appropriate guidelines for the problems
Step 7: Different options are available for finding out solutions
Step 8: Steps to be carried out in order to implement the plans
TASK 4
4.1Evaluating methods in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for ensuring the future wellbeing of developing the tourism
destination such as Philippines
At the time of development of tourism, there are certain situations develops during the rules and regulations are made along
with the different policies. The issues are arises among the interest of local stakeholders as they have different priorities. Furthermore,.
The planning in context of sustainability is carried out by the government (Padin, 2012). Along with this, in case of Philippines the
perception of an individual is different because of photograph of president was featured. The local people have their main focus on the
revenue and yo preserve the natural resources of the nation. In order to resolve the problems of interests with respect to Philippines
government so that they started planning for integrated coastal management. For maintaining the culture of environment there is
appropriate design for preserving the coastal area environment. This is significant aspect as there is negative impact on the tourism
and mainly the people who live in these areas. There are certain coastal area management programmes are created for ensuring the
well being of people as well as the interest of people and all of this formed by the government ( Cohen and et.al., 2014). Along with
this, there is another conflict which arises between the different investors and the authorities of wild life. Through effective
development and introducing new hotels so that the local communities have less areas for developing forests and it also have an
impact on their lives. Other than this, there is reduction in the level of profit of local citizens due to the privatization. In order to solve
this issue, it is important to employ people so that they can be satisfied with the different conditions. There are some of the methods
which help to resolve the conflicts of interests in order to ensure the well being of tourism destination like Philippines which are
discussed below:
Avoiding- This is also considered as an important method in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for the well being of the tourist
destination as it can be done by one party or both of the parties.
4.1Evaluating methods in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for ensuring the future wellbeing of developing the tourism
destination such as Philippines
At the time of development of tourism, there are certain situations develops during the rules and regulations are made along
with the different policies. The issues are arises among the interest of local stakeholders as they have different priorities. Furthermore,.
The planning in context of sustainability is carried out by the government (Padin, 2012). Along with this, in case of Philippines the
perception of an individual is different because of photograph of president was featured. The local people have their main focus on the
revenue and yo preserve the natural resources of the nation. In order to resolve the problems of interests with respect to Philippines
government so that they started planning for integrated coastal management. For maintaining the culture of environment there is
appropriate design for preserving the coastal area environment. This is significant aspect as there is negative impact on the tourism
and mainly the people who live in these areas. There are certain coastal area management programmes are created for ensuring the
well being of people as well as the interest of people and all of this formed by the government ( Cohen and et.al., 2014). Along with
this, there is another conflict which arises between the different investors and the authorities of wild life. Through effective
development and introducing new hotels so that the local communities have less areas for developing forests and it also have an
impact on their lives. Other than this, there is reduction in the level of profit of local citizens due to the privatization. In order to solve
this issue, it is important to employ people so that they can be satisfied with the different conditions. There are some of the methods
which help to resolve the conflicts of interests in order to ensure the well being of tourism destination like Philippines which are
discussed below:
Avoiding- This is also considered as an important method in order to resolve the conflicts of interest for the well being of the tourist
destination as it can be done by one party or both of the parties.
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Accommodating- It is an approach which helps to resolve the conflicts through cooperation rather than assertiveness. It can be stated
that with the help of cooperation between the local residents and tour operator will create outcome with the help of concern of each
other.
Competing- In this type of method for resolving conflict there is competition between both of the parties where one wins and another
lose. Thus, it can be said that local residents are required to compete with the travel agencies as they fight for the preservation of the
natural resources.
Compromising- The strategy of compromising is based on both of the parties are required to give up their position for the purpose of
establishing acceptable. This is possible when both of the parties such as local citizens and tour operators have equal power.
Negotiations- It is considered as one of the most important method of resolving conflict which is to be negotiate among the local
people and the travel agencies which is related to the preservation of natural resources.
4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Philippines
Demand can be termed as the quantity of goods and services which is desired by the buyers and the quantity which is
demanded by the people as they are able to buy at given price. Further, growth at a tourism destination can be shape through the
demand of tourism at Philippines. There is increase in demand due to the different types of opportunities provided by the destination.
On the other hand, the tourism supply covers the mix of attractions as well as the amalgamations as the supply provides shapes the
tourism demand at Philippines.
In case of demand of tourism as if it is high but at the same time supply is lower so there is situation of shortage of products
and services which can be provided to the people. On the other side, if there is less demand and supply is higher so that the conditions
are surplus.
There is requirement to analyse the supply and demand of the visitors in order to carry out successful development of tourism. As per
the case of Philippines that is developing country and it does not have appropriate resources and it is needed to forecast the different
that with the help of cooperation between the local residents and tour operator will create outcome with the help of concern of each
other.
Competing- In this type of method for resolving conflict there is competition between both of the parties where one wins and another
lose. Thus, it can be said that local residents are required to compete with the travel agencies as they fight for the preservation of the
natural resources.
Compromising- The strategy of compromising is based on both of the parties are required to give up their position for the purpose of
establishing acceptable. This is possible when both of the parties such as local citizens and tour operators have equal power.
Negotiations- It is considered as one of the most important method of resolving conflict which is to be negotiate among the local
people and the travel agencies which is related to the preservation of natural resources.
4.2 Analysing the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Philippines
Demand can be termed as the quantity of goods and services which is desired by the buyers and the quantity which is
demanded by the people as they are able to buy at given price. Further, growth at a tourism destination can be shape through the
demand of tourism at Philippines. There is increase in demand due to the different types of opportunities provided by the destination.
On the other hand, the tourism supply covers the mix of attractions as well as the amalgamations as the supply provides shapes the
tourism demand at Philippines.
In case of demand of tourism as if it is high but at the same time supply is lower so there is situation of shortage of products
and services which can be provided to the people. On the other side, if there is less demand and supply is higher so that the conditions
are surplus.
There is requirement to analyse the supply and demand of the visitors in order to carry out successful development of tourism. As per
the case of Philippines that is developing country and it does not have appropriate resources and it is needed to forecast the different
visitors which are visiting the different destination (Sharpley and Telfer, 2014). There are different facilities are provided by the
government which helps to meet the needs and demands of customers. Other than this, there are certain arrangements which are made
by the government. On the other side, the local people of the nation make provided different facilities such as development in their
hotels. As per the demand there are various investments are made by people in infrastructure so that it helps in generating the revenue.
In case of Philippines, there are different plans are made in order to launch different shows for attracting large number of audience. In
such cases, there is proper balance between the demand and supply due to the reduction in wastage of resources. Finance is considered
as a major elements if there is any problem regarding the balancing of demand and supply (Simão and Partidário, 2012).
4.3Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in context of Philippines
Enclave tourism can be termed as to develop one of the particular area in the geographical location which provides good
experience to the visitors as they are not required to travel remote areas of the nation. In case of Philippine, they are mainly
concentrate on enclave tourism and they are developing one of the region that helps to attract large number of people. In context of
moral and ethical issues, the government is required to provide appropriate information regarding the destination which is helpful for
tourists (Kim, Ritchie and McCormick, 2012). They also provided accurate information related to hotels. Other than this, the owner of
hotel is responsible for the issues of health and safety of tourists and their well being who came to visit the destination. It is not in cas
of Philippines a they are required to make appropriate policies of safety which helps to treat the people. In addition to this, in the
coastal areas the tourist must be aware about the areas of danger and knowledge regarding the rules and regulations. It is essential as
the tourists are unknown to the destination and there are chances of accident. On the other side, there are different terms and
conditions of all of the countries (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). In case of enclave tourism, the government is required to
convey the rules of the country. The visitors must be provided historical data and accurate knowledge regarding the places. In some of
the cases where the tourists get information of when they reach the destination. This will impact negative image and reduction in the
activities of tourists at Philippines.
government which helps to meet the needs and demands of customers. Other than this, there are certain arrangements which are made
by the government. On the other side, the local people of the nation make provided different facilities such as development in their
hotels. As per the demand there are various investments are made by people in infrastructure so that it helps in generating the revenue.
In case of Philippines, there are different plans are made in order to launch different shows for attracting large number of audience. In
such cases, there is proper balance between the demand and supply due to the reduction in wastage of resources. Finance is considered
as a major elements if there is any problem regarding the balancing of demand and supply (Simão and Partidário, 2012).
4.3Evaluating the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in context of Philippines
Enclave tourism can be termed as to develop one of the particular area in the geographical location which provides good
experience to the visitors as they are not required to travel remote areas of the nation. In case of Philippine, they are mainly
concentrate on enclave tourism and they are developing one of the region that helps to attract large number of people. In context of
moral and ethical issues, the government is required to provide appropriate information regarding the destination which is helpful for
tourists (Kim, Ritchie and McCormick, 2012). They also provided accurate information related to hotels. Other than this, the owner of
hotel is responsible for the issues of health and safety of tourists and their well being who came to visit the destination. It is not in cas
of Philippines a they are required to make appropriate policies of safety which helps to treat the people. In addition to this, in the
coastal areas the tourist must be aware about the areas of danger and knowledge regarding the rules and regulations. It is essential as
the tourists are unknown to the destination and there are chances of accident. On the other side, there are different terms and
conditions of all of the countries (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). In case of enclave tourism, the government is required to
convey the rules of the country. The visitors must be provided historical data and accurate knowledge regarding the places. In some of
the cases where the tourists get information of when they reach the destination. This will impact negative image and reduction in the
activities of tourists at Philippines.
TASK 5
5.1Comparison of current issues which are related to the tourism development in the developing country and it effects of tourism
All of the countries have different culture as well as the rules and regulations. There are some of the major factors such as
economic conditions and social culture which helps to make the image of nation. There is one of the developing country which is
considered as tourist country that is Vietnam and due to the increase in the attraction of coastal areas of different tourists at
Philippines. Comparison is given below:
Criteria Vietnam Philippines
Economic Impact There are less development are
seen because of reduction in
economic development. But at
the same time, development of
tourism is not appropriate as
they are mainly focusing in
order to make stable economy
for the people (Lee, 2013).
Economic conditions of this
destinations is not appropriate.
There is no development due
to the less investment. Other
than this, the people are less
educated and more of
population is unemployed so
that this is major cause of the
development in tourism.
Socio- Cultural It is a developing country and
people are not much educated
and there is one of the main
barrier which is to speak in
English with the tourists.
There is different socio
cultural environment of
Philippines as it is emerging
nation so that people do not
have any idea about the culture
5.1Comparison of current issues which are related to the tourism development in the developing country and it effects of tourism
All of the countries have different culture as well as the rules and regulations. There are some of the major factors such as
economic conditions and social culture which helps to make the image of nation. There is one of the developing country which is
considered as tourist country that is Vietnam and due to the increase in the attraction of coastal areas of different tourists at
Philippines. Comparison is given below:
Criteria Vietnam Philippines
Economic Impact There are less development are
seen because of reduction in
economic development. But at
the same time, development of
tourism is not appropriate as
they are mainly focusing in
order to make stable economy
for the people (Lee, 2013).
Economic conditions of this
destinations is not appropriate.
There is no development due
to the less investment. Other
than this, the people are less
educated and more of
population is unemployed so
that this is major cause of the
development in tourism.
Socio- Cultural It is a developing country and
people are not much educated
and there is one of the main
barrier which is to speak in
English with the tourists.
There is different socio
cultural environment of
Philippines as it is emerging
nation so that people do not
have any idea about the culture
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Along with this, food is no
appropriate as per the
requirement of customers as
sea food is not preferred by the
visitors.
and food (Buckley, 2012).
They follows an appropriate
combination of culture as there
is conflict among the rich and
poor are witnessed. The people
are not getting benefits
because of the conflicts and
this issues affects the
development of tourism.
Environmental Due to increase in the
development and
maximisation in the activities
of tourists and after this
deforestation is also taking
place. This impacts on the
different sectors of the
tourism.
Due to the increase in the
population so that the rate of
growth also increases. Besides
this, there is shortage of land
and water resources which
affects the people who are
living . One of the main
attraction of tourists that is
coastal areas and natural water
bodies are also decreasing. Is
is damaging the natural
resources and there is increase
in the water pollution which is
appropriate as per the
requirement of customers as
sea food is not preferred by the
visitors.
and food (Buckley, 2012).
They follows an appropriate
combination of culture as there
is conflict among the rich and
poor are witnessed. The people
are not getting benefits
because of the conflicts and
this issues affects the
development of tourism.
Environmental Due to increase in the
development and
maximisation in the activities
of tourists and after this
deforestation is also taking
place. This impacts on the
different sectors of the
tourism.
Due to the increase in the
population so that the rate of
growth also increases. Besides
this, there is shortage of land
and water resources which
affects the people who are
living . One of the main
attraction of tourists that is
coastal areas and natural water
bodies are also decreasing. Is
is damaging the natural
resources and there is increase
in the water pollution which is
having impact on the health of
local citizens (Hunter, 2012).
local citizens (Hunter, 2012).
5.2Evaluation with recommendations for the future development of tourisms
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EMERGING THE AREA OF TOURISTS
(Vietnam and Philippines )
By: ABC
28/1/2017
Due to the increase in the activities of tourism, Vietnam and Philippines has been considered as one of the most famous
destination for the tourists. From the past, both of the places are upgraded but at the same time there are some of the issues which
affect negatively on the development of tourism. There are certain strict policies are made by the government in order to restore the
natural resources of both of the destinations. It is important as the natural resources are considered as one of the major attraction for
the tourists. Other than this, in context of Philippines, the government is required to make some of the norms for religion inequality as
it develops issues between the people which is hampering the growth. With the help of education the people are able to develop new
ideas for attracting large number of people. Other than this, through education there is proper arrangements of different activities
related to tourism and make the tourists comfortable at destination. On the other side, there are different parties which can invest in the
destination so that it is possible for them to manage the areas as per the requirement of various number of tourists. The activities of
promotion can be carried by using the different tools of social media and it is helpful for attracting large number of people.
Furthermore, the tourists get appropriate knowledge regarding the destination and proper information of the areas which are going to
be visit by them. With the help of appropriate plan of development there is proper development can be seen in the destination of
tourists in their areas.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EMERGING THE AREA OF TOURISTS
(Vietnam and Philippines )
By: ABC
28/1/2017
Due to the increase in the activities of tourism, Vietnam and Philippines has been considered as one of the most famous
destination for the tourists. From the past, both of the places are upgraded but at the same time there are some of the issues which
affect negatively on the development of tourism. There are certain strict policies are made by the government in order to restore the
natural resources of both of the destinations. It is important as the natural resources are considered as one of the major attraction for
the tourists. Other than this, in context of Philippines, the government is required to make some of the norms for religion inequality as
it develops issues between the people which is hampering the growth. With the help of education the people are able to develop new
ideas for attracting large number of people. Other than this, through education there is proper arrangements of different activities
related to tourism and make the tourists comfortable at destination. On the other side, there are different parties which can invest in the
destination so that it is possible for them to manage the areas as per the requirement of various number of tourists. The activities of
promotion can be carried by using the different tools of social media and it is helpful for attracting large number of people.
Furthermore, the tourists get appropriate knowledge regarding the destination and proper information of the areas which are going to
be visit by them. With the help of appropriate plan of development there is proper development can be seen in the destination of
tourists in their areas.
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CONCLUSION
From the above carried out study it can be concluded that industry of tourism is making high level of contribution for the
development and growth of the nation. However, in modern era, if there is no sustainable tourism as the businesses should keep in
mind that the activities of tourism must be on the basis of welfare of nature and society. Thus, it will leads to decrease in the level f
profits of the firms and there is reduction in the number of visitors. According to the given case study, Philippines tourism industry
can attract large number of people or a single destination by providing different types of facilities such as accommodation,
entertainment and transportation facilities to the different locations. Along with this, the tourism sector of Philippines will gain high
level of profits and plays important role for the development and growth of country. In such manner, there is requirement to adopt new
approaches to development for providing appropriate services to visitors. Furthermore, the visitors are attracted towards the coastal
areas which is one of the main criteria that is helpful in attracting large number of people for the destination. Thus, it can be stated that
the tourism industry of Philippines providing appropriate services to their clients and they also getting benefits and make profits from
different sources.
From the above carried out study it can be concluded that industry of tourism is making high level of contribution for the
development and growth of the nation. However, in modern era, if there is no sustainable tourism as the businesses should keep in
mind that the activities of tourism must be on the basis of welfare of nature and society. Thus, it will leads to decrease in the level f
profits of the firms and there is reduction in the number of visitors. According to the given case study, Philippines tourism industry
can attract large number of people or a single destination by providing different types of facilities such as accommodation,
entertainment and transportation facilities to the different locations. Along with this, the tourism sector of Philippines will gain high
level of profits and plays important role for the development and growth of country. In such manner, there is requirement to adopt new
approaches to development for providing appropriate services to visitors. Furthermore, the visitors are attracted towards the coastal
areas which is one of the main criteria that is helpful in attracting large number of people for the destination. Thus, it can be stated that
the tourism industry of Philippines providing appropriate services to their clients and they also getting benefits and make profits from
different sources.
REFERENCES
Books and journals
Brelik, A., 2012. Sustainable tourism development–case of Wolin Region.Acta Scientiarum Polonorum–Oeconomia. 11(2). pp.19-27.
Briassoulis, H. and Van der Straaten, J. Eds., 2013. Tourism and the environment: regional, economic, cultural and policy issues (Vol.
6). Springer Science & Business Media.
Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(2). pp.528-546.
Carlisle, S. and et.al., 2013. Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-stakeholder approaches: Experiences from
Africa. Tourism Management. 35. pp.59-69.
Cohen, S.A. and et.al., 2014. Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility: Psychological and behavioural approaches
(Vol. 43). Routledge.
Edgell Sr, D.L., 2016. Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge.
Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B., 2012. Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (No. Ed. 12). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Graci, S., 2013. Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism. Tourism Geographies. 15(1). pp.25-42.
Hunter, C., 2012. Aspects of the sustainable tourism debate from a natural resources perspective. Sustainable tourism. A global
perspective, edited by R. Harris, P. Williams, T. Griffi n, New York: Routledge. pp.3-23.
Hwang, D., Stewart, W.P. and Ko, D.W., 2012. Community behavior and sustainable rural tourism development. Journal of Travel
research. 51(3). pp.328-341.
Kim, J.H., Ritchie, J.B. and McCormick, B., 2012. Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of
Travel Research. 51(1). pp.12-25.
Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management. 34.
pp.37-46.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world.
Routledge.
Padin, C., 2012. A sustainable tourism planning model: components and relationships. European business review. 24(6). pp.510-518.
Salazar, N.B., 2012. Community-based cultural tourism: issues, threats and opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(1).
pp.9-22.
Books and journals
Brelik, A., 2012. Sustainable tourism development–case of Wolin Region.Acta Scientiarum Polonorum–Oeconomia. 11(2). pp.19-27.
Briassoulis, H. and Van der Straaten, J. Eds., 2013. Tourism and the environment: regional, economic, cultural and policy issues (Vol.
6). Springer Science & Business Media.
Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(2). pp.528-546.
Carlisle, S. and et.al., 2013. Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-stakeholder approaches: Experiences from
Africa. Tourism Management. 35. pp.59-69.
Cohen, S.A. and et.al., 2014. Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility: Psychological and behavioural approaches
(Vol. 43). Routledge.
Edgell Sr, D.L., 2016. Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge.
Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B., 2012. Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (No. Ed. 12). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Graci, S., 2013. Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism. Tourism Geographies. 15(1). pp.25-42.
Hunter, C., 2012. Aspects of the sustainable tourism debate from a natural resources perspective. Sustainable tourism. A global
perspective, edited by R. Harris, P. Williams, T. Griffi n, New York: Routledge. pp.3-23.
Hwang, D., Stewart, W.P. and Ko, D.W., 2012. Community behavior and sustainable rural tourism development. Journal of Travel
research. 51(3). pp.328-341.
Kim, J.H., Ritchie, J.B. and McCormick, B., 2012. Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of
Travel Research. 51(1). pp.12-25.
Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management. 34.
pp.37-46.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world.
Routledge.
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