Plastic Surgery: Procedures, Guidelines, and Complications

This article provides an in-depth look at plastic surgery, including various procedures, guidelines, and potential complications. It highlights the importance of intraoperative care and the role of surgical nurses. The article also explores different types of plastic surgery and their benefits.

PLASTIC SURGERY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The intraoperative phase is defined as the extend in time in which the patient is admitted
to the operating room. In context with this, time of anaesthesia administration, performance of
the surgical procedures and this is based on the client is the transportation to the recovery room
and this all are postanesthesia care unit. As per this, the surgical nurse function for the patient is
necessary. The nurse care and concern extend from the time to patient is well prepared. The
patient need for the security of knowing which help someone to know the factor which is used in
providing the protection during the various procedure and while they are used to provide the
protection and essential factor that must follow. The patient need to providing the anaesthesia is
order to reduce the pain and usually stressful experiences. The main goal is to produce the
principle of asepsis and homoeostatic and safe administration of anaesthesia. As per this, the
patient is chosen for the surgery and the patient is facing some issue which is occur by the side
effect of cosmetic and this is treated by using the process of plastic surgery. Plastic surgery us
defined as the reconstruction, restoration and alteration of the human body which may be divide
into two group. Reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. In this report, the various policies
and guidelines in the theatre room and operative instrument are discussed.
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MAIN BODY
This case study is based on the plastic surgery and the patient is facing issue with the side
effect of cosmetic and this raise number of complication in order to this. The patient is Marie.
She is in working in a hotel as a receptionist. She is 26-year-old and working in reputed hotel.
The issue is arising by using chemical and extra compound which play heinous role in this. Her
work and life is totally based on the proper dress and groom up. For grooming she used to take
various number of cosmetic that create the side effect in face and this used to create complication
in health. When this burn was starting she used to take her skin in water which is in running state
for 20 to 30 minute. The chemical name into the contact with the eyes, in this the eyes is
continuously at least 20 minute before the seeking emergency care. As per their profession,
Marie used to wear jewellery that may be contaminated by the chemical. This is a dry dressing
which is dressed or a clean cloth which is possible. The burn is superficial and this will take by
the prospect of over the counter pain reliever. Some of the drug are ibuprofen or acetaminophen
which help to reduce the pain and provide proper relief (Dias and et. al., 2018).
The preparation of the surgical room or operating area is essential because it help to
provide the convince to the patient. The operating room is a sterile, organised environment. So as
per this, health care provider this must be required to enter the OR surgical procedure or before
setting up the surgical procedure. The member of the surgical team is communicating with each
other and they try to ensure the safety while doing surgery. The sterile operating personnel are
surgeon, surgical assistant and scrub nurse and some of the non-sterile anaesthesiologist,
circulating nurse and technologist student and observer and many more.
As per this, before admitting for surgery as per current scenario the screening of the
patient which is based on the virus that is associated with covid. The covid test is essentials in
order to complete the surgery in appropriate way. As per the new policies this is a mandatory for
the governmental and non governmental hospital to reduce the risk of virus.
Marie faced issue by using the chemical which is cause by their reaction which is follow
to side effect. This side effect cause number of problem and as per this, it came to the point of
reconstruction of face and this will have performed by the plastic surgery. The current
medication is totally based on the antibiotic, anti-itch medication, debridement which used to
involves in the cleaning or removing dirt and dead tissue. In this, the skin grafting which is
usually help to attach the healthy skin from another part of the body to other part of body where
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the wound burn (Schichor and et. al., 2017). In this, there are fluid intake that is based on the
intravenous mode. If the condition of the skin is getting worse then it formulate number of factor
such as need proper rehabilitation and may need proper and accurate medication or treatment
such as skin replacement, pain management, cosmetic surgery, occupational therapy that used to
redevelop in every day skill and knowledge. Proper counselling is performed in order to create
the essentials factor to reduce the stress and other terms. Patient are must educated in order to
develop the intervention for self to eradicate the issue and others (Al-Qurayshi and et. al., 2017).
The surgical instrument is hand held which is used to implement in the clinics for the
performance of the surgical task. This is well organised that the equipment which is used in the
operating suite are sterile and some of the equipment and apparatus is scalpels, forceps, scissors,
retractor and clamps are used extensively. As per this, there are various rongeurs are used such as
leksell, kerrison and pituitary are used to remove the soft tissue. Forceps are used to pick up the
tissue.
The reconstruction of the plastic surgeons has diverse workload and contrary to the
perception which is based in media. This comprise a relatively small proportion of purely in the
field of aesthetic process and operation. The majority of operation which help to relate the
management which is based on neoplasia which play the significant role in health economic
impact. In this, the year of 2014 to 2015 this is well analysing the plastic surgery are in trend in
which over one million patients are treated by the report of National health services that is based
on England by number of plastic surgeon. With this, the continual supply of major trauma and
neoplasia which is act as plastic surgeons are facing challenging composite defect than ever the
coupled with the term of internet and patient expectation are increases (Dorfman and et. al.,
2018).
There are various step and process are involved in the procedure of facial surgery and
reconstructive surgery. The patient must seek the plastic or reconstructive surgery for a variety of
reason. Some of the suffer from the birth are disfigurement in such a way that help to create the
birthmark, cleft palates and congenital facial deformities. In context with this, the victim of the
accident or disease faced as like Marie and they used to found the inadequate relief from the
treatment which is offered as per so far. There are number of patient which is going through this
and this will help to shape or size of a facial feature that bother in field of this and can cause
them in a year. In context with this, the stand ford facial plastic surgery and reconstructive
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surgeon are trained in such way that help to treat the number of situation which is well
determined in order to reduce the complication and pain. The procedures which is followed in
the facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are used in very well procedures. As per this, the
chemical peel is defined as the co0ntrolled removal of the outer layer skin with the specific
chemical. The chain cheek or jaw reshaping used to make the facial implants that is called
mentoplasty. This is used to define that the surgery of the chin, the receding chin may be
augmented with an implant or too prominent chin may reduce and cause various factor which
cause may be reduced. This is well defined as the collagen fat injectable fillers which used to
inject the natural protein that help to raise the skin tissue to smooth functioning and this will help
to take out the render wrinkled and scar are less visible (Hallqvist and et. al., 2018).
As per this, the temperature is used in basically two ventilation system such as vertical
laminar airflow and turbulent mixed airflow this all are compared with the newly develop
ventilation techniques and temperature controlled airflow. The concentration which is used are
usually attached in three locations such as close to the wound and second one is peripherally of
the room. The operating team is evaluated the comfort of the working environment before taking
the procedure of surgery.
The cosmetic plastic surgery is having various category which is provided in the remove
of upper layer of the skin. This make the proper and smooth result and they used to form
wrinkled skin. Ear pinning which is also called as otoplasty that involves the factor which is
pinning back by the reshaping which is their cartilage. Eyelid lift which is blepharoplasty that is
used to know the surgery of the eyelids may be entail removal of the fat composition which is
used to excess skin and these bags are pouches or wrinkles in the area of eye. As per this, the
facelift is defined as the surgery which is excess of the skin removed and muscle are so much
tightened. Laser skin resurfacing is referring of the upper layer using the laser as a result they
create the smoother and less wrinkled skin. Nasal surgery which is used in the nose reshaping
which is act as rhinoplasty which help to involve the shaping which is recreated and
reconstructed of the cartilage and bone of the nose which is may replace and provide proper
surgery care. As per all, there is also a reconstructive plastic surgery which help to repair or
reconstruct of facial feature which is effective and act as victim of cancer that formulate the
number of factor which is create the birth defect. Improvement of scars which is an autosomal
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procedure. So there is the process of different aspect of surgery which is used in function of
plastic surgery (Hidalgo and et. al., 2017).
The proper lightning is essentials while conducting any surgery, the minor thread and
needle are used for the surgery. So proper lighting is important for this. The tray which is used in
the surgery are full equipped such as scissor, scalpel, cotton and many more. The body
temperature are comes under the level of 37+_1 which is used to create haemostatis. The room
temperature are depend on the type of surgery. The communication must be clear and
appropriate without any barrier. The face to face communication make the thing proper and
accurate. After the surgery the bed which is used must be analyse and identify in order to know
what comfortability are experienced by patient in relation with this.
There are number of procedures which is used in appropriate manner to formulate and
synthesis the best surgery. As per this, the standard operating procedures are used in such a way
which is effective in term of this. At first, proper diagnose, treatment criteria and medication is
provided to Marie. Then after proper examination of body the surgical procedures are followed.
In this, the anaesthesia is used to inject and body and then surgical process are running (Rajesh
and et. al., 2019).
There are number of anaesthesia used in local medication. This kind of anaesthesia is the
safest and easiest method to recover from this. Moreover, the local anaesthesia is used in the
region of being treated which is injected with the numbering of medication such as Lidocaine. As
per this, they are creating numbness and feel so much pressure which is essentials for the no pain
during the following the situation. That help in completing the smooth surgery. Under this
section when the surgery us done in central part of the body then it will corporate in order to
reduce the pain relief, loss memory during the procedure. General anaesthesia which is used in
more lightly that are more than sleep. During the general anaesthesia the body does not respond
to pain signals or reflexes. The goal of the anaesthesia is achieved during the surgery and their
five point which is stated as provide the section of pain relief, loss of memory of the procedures,
loss of consciousness, motionlessness and also provide the weakening of autonomic responses.
In context with this, there are two major type of anaesthesia which are inhalation and create the
intravenous aesthetics (Hollon and et. al., 2020).
The intraoperative phase which is used to begins when the patient is more likely to
receive the surgical area and last to until is transferred to the recover area. In context with this,
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the surgeon has the major role in this phase, there are number of key member of the surgical
team are taking the responsibility. In this, the surgical team are surgeon, Anaesthesiologist or
anaesthetist, scrubs or assistant, and circulating nurse. The surgeon is the head of the team which
have responsibility to complete the surgery which proper manner and with safe and effective
way. As per this the anaesthesiologist or anaesthetist that used to provide the smooth conduction
of the patient which is created in order to prevent pain. Neurologic status and vital signs are
informing and advises the surgeon of impending the complication. In context with this, the scrub
nurses are used in the technician which is used to prepare the surgical setup maintain the surgical
asepsis while draping and handling instruments and this provide the proper assistance by the
passing of instrument and supplies. The circulating nurse are those which is respond as per the
request of surgeon and this will provide the anaesthetist. In this they are obtain supplier to the
sterile filed and prepare are nursing plan. As per this, they are intraoperative process and practice
which is used to make the function of surgery smooth and accurate (Li and et. al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
As per the above, this is analysing that the intraoperative process is used in specific way
to eradicate the issue which create the factor in surgery. In this, surgical team used to play vital
role in the development of intraoperative and postoperative by the nurses who provide the quality
of care and quality of health to patient.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Qurayshi and et. al., 2017. Cost-effectiveness of intraoperative nerve monitoring in avoidance
of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.
Journal of British Surgery, 104(11), pp.1523-1531.
Dias and et. al., 2018. Safeness and utility of concomitant intraoperative monitoring with
intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in children: a pilot study. World
neurosurgery, 115, pp.e637-e644.
Dorfman and et. al., 2018. Plastic surgery-related hashtag utilization on Instagram: implications
for education and marketing. Aesthetic surgery journal, 38(3), pp.332-338.
Hallqvist and et. al., 2018. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with acute kidney injury in
noncardiac surgery. European journal of anaesthesiology, 35(4), pp.273-279.
Hidalgo and et. al., 2017. Intraoperative comparison of anatomical versus round implants in
breast augmentation: a randomized controlled trial. Plastic and reconstructive surgery,
139(3), pp.587-596.
Hollon and et. al., 2020. Near real-time intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis using stimulated
Raman histology and deep neural networks. Nature medicine, 26(1), pp.52-58.
Li and et. al., 2017. Impact of intraoperative MRI-guided resection on resection and survival in
patient with gliomas: a meta-analysis. Current medical research and opinion, 33(4),
pp.621-630.
Rajesh and et. al., 2019. Matching into integrated plastic surgery: the value of research
fellowships. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 144(5), pp.946e-947e.
Schichor and et. al., 2017. Intraoperative computed tomography in cranial neurosurgery.
Neurosurgery Clinics, 28(4), pp.595-602.
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