1 POL2000/ POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEAS Task 1: Essay Question: Should Governments use their power to limit the impact of recession? Task 2: Background of the debate: Government plays an important role in managing economy of a country, as it helps in overall growth, economic stability and balance between social financial status. Many regulations and policies surrounding the concept of Government helping during economic crises have developed throughout the years. The United Kingdom, United States follow the two approaches diligently, known as monetary and fiscal policy (Libguides.mq.edu.au 2020). British economist “John Maynard Keynes” first introduced fiscal policy in the year 1833 to 1946, whereas this policy evolved around the concept of managing tax rates and expenditures of Government, and from this day the debate originated. Summary: Liberal policies include the Classical liberalism policy that is also adheredby the Australian’s policy and can also be implemented in stabilizing the economic status of a country, as this approach supports the right to democracy of every individual in case of social, political and economic factors(Oecd.org. 2020). The concept was developed in the late 19thcentury, as a response to the “Industrial Revolution”, in Europe and North America, which was a collective idea of “Johne Locke, Jean Baptiste Say, Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo”. The classical liberalism policy will help in developing and implementing economic freedom.
2 POL2000/ POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEAS According totreasury.gov.au (2020),the response of the Australian Government was adhering to monetary policy as they get support from the Reserve Bank of Australia. They have responded to the Global recession in 2008 in a much effective manner than other countries. Although, Australia is a country where there is colonization, and consists of many tribal and indigenous people. They have managed all the crises due to their economic stability, due to the trading business with Asia and China. It has been observed that due to their monetary policy and stable economic condition of the Reserve bank, they saw a 0.4 percent rise in economy in the year 2009, briefly after the recession. This eventually happened due to their strategies policies that was followed by the Australians as per the guidance of Reserve Bank of Australia. In case of the recession times, they took measures by decreasing interest rates by 100 basis points, which means 6.0 percent. Through rigorous meetings of the “Australia Government’s Strategic Polcu Budget Committee” which includes “Prime Minister”, “Deputy Prime Minister”, “the treasurer”, “Finance Minister” to discuss about managing recession and crises along with processes that must be applied to increase global economy. Therefore, it depicted from this scenario that Government initiatives could change an economic crises, as well become effective in time of recession. The Australian Government can handle the crises because, they had the capacity to take risks to comfort consumers and stabilize the economic conditions. According toBerg (2015),classical liberalism was not considered to be much prevalent in Australian economy, but it got effective from the nineteenth century (Bartels, 2013). After the effects of colonization, the concept of liberalization was taking its place in a much considerable rate to ease the consumers and provide liberal rights to the indigenous people of Australia. In the year 1788, the development of New South Wales governed by military gave a way to debate in constitutional and philosophical grounds. There was a condition where there were no academic
3 POL2000/ POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEAS for learning until the development of “University of Sydney and Melbourne”, in the year 1850 and 1853 respectively. Australian politics in nineteenth century, was revolve g around two concepts, free trade and protection, which was a subject of debate. There were many colonies that were developed by British Government later, and although there were policies that adhered to free trade, there were people who were trading but was not free. According to the actual founder of the fiscal policy, “John Maynard Keynes”, evaluate his own theory in involvement of Government in recession or crises is that people generally would save money to accustom to the situations of recession (Butler, 2015). Therefore, in an argument the economist John Maynard Keynes”, depicted that low investment can result in low productivity and increase in unemployment rate. The interference in these situations by the government will help in managing the overall economic status. Task 3: Author 1: The main argument ofCarling, 2009,that to fill the gap the recession has made must be filled up with fiscal policy. Author 2: The main argument ofGalbraith, (1993), that to handle the economic instability a countervailing power must be created and the Government must follow the old rules, which were followed before World War 2. The involvement of Government in managing macro-environmental factors and its effectiveness have been debated for many decades, originating from the Great Depression in the 1930 (Temin 2016).
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4 POL2000/ POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEAS References Bartels, L.M., 2013. Political effects of the Great Recession.The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,650(1), pp.47-76. Berg, C., 2015. Classicalliberalismin Australianeconomics.Econ JournalWatch,12(2), pp.192-220. Butler, E., 2015.Classical Liberalism–A Primer. London Publishing Partnership. Carling, R. (2009). Are We All Keynesians Again?.Fiscal Fallacies: The Failure of Activist Fiscal Policy, 33. Galbraith, J. K. (1993).American capitalism: The concept of countervailing power(Vol. 619). Transaction Publishers. Libguides.mq.edu.au. 2020.Subject And Research Guides: Economics: Monetary & Fiscal Policy.[online]Availableat:<https://libguides.mq.edu.au/c.php?g=696213&p=4937630> [Accessed 19 March 2020]. Oecd.org. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.oecd.org/sti/42983414.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2020]. Temin, P., 2016. Great Depression. InBanking Crises(pp. 144-153). Palgrave Macmillan, London treasury.gov.au, 2020.Australia's Response To The Global Financial Crisis | Treasury.Gov.Au. [online] Treasury.gov.au. Availableat: <https://treasury.gov.au/speech/australias-response-to- the-global-financial-crisis> [Accessed 19 March 2020].